References

Finley, Cheryl

Save Cite Share

Free

References

Cheryl Finley

Committed to Memory: The Art of the Slave Ship Icon

References

Author

Cheryl Finley

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-21714

References

ARCHIVAL SOURCES AND MUSEUM COLLECTIONS

Boston Public Library, Boston

British Library, Department of Manuscripts, London

Minute Books of the London Abolition Committee, Additional MSS, 21,254–21,256

Religious Society of Friends Library, London

Thompson/Clarkson MSS

Cape Coast Castle Museum, Cape Coast, Ghana

Elmina Castle, Elmina, Ghana

Ghana National Archives, Accra, Ghana

Ghana National Archives, Cape Coast, Ghana

Ghana National Museum, Accra, Ghana

Historical Society of Pennsylvania

Library Company of Philadelphia

Library of Congress, Washington, DC

Maison des Esclaves, Dakar, Senegal

Musée Historique de Gorée, Dakar, Senegal

Public Record Office, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, England (PRO)

Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library

W. E. B. Du Bois House and Museum, Accra, Ghana

West African Historical Museum, Cape Coast, Ghana

Wilberforce House Museum, Hull City Art Galleries, United Kingdom

Yale Libraries

Benjamin Franklin Collection, Sterling Memorial Library

Elizabeth Donnan Papers, Manuscripts Collection, Sterling Memorial Library

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library

NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS

American Museum (1789–90)

The Western Flying Post; or Sherborne and Yeovil Mercury, and General Advertiser (1788–89)

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Affaire de La Vigilante, Batiment Negrier de Nantes. Paris: Crapelet, 1823.

Alexander, Elizabeth. Antebellum Dream Book. Saint Paul, MN: Graywolf Press, 2001.

Amistad: A Celebration of the Film by Steven Spielberg. Essays by Steven Spielberg, Maya Angelou, and Debbie Allen. Paintings by Kadir Nelson and photographs by Andrew Cooper. New York: Newark Press, 1998.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1991.

Anstey, Roger. The Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition, 1760–1810. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, 1975.

Anstey, Roger, and P. E. H. Hair. Liverpool, the African Slave Trade, and Abolition: Essays to Illustrate Current Knowledge and Research. Bristol: Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1976.

Aptheker, Herbert. American Negro Slave Revolts. New York: Columbia University Press, 1943.

Bailey, Anne. African Voices of the Atlantic: Beyond the Silence and Shame. Boston: Beacon Press, 2005.

Balibar, Etienne, and Immanuel Wallerstein. Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities. London: Verso, 1991.

Baraka, Amiri. Home: Social Essays. New York: William Morrow, 1988; rpt. Hopewell, NJ: Ecco Press, 1998.

———. Raise, Race, Rays, Raze: Essays since 1965. New York: Random House, 1971.

———. Slave Ship: A One Act Play. Newark, NJ: Jihad Productions, 1969.

Baraka, Amiri and Larry Neal, eds. Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing. New York: Morrow, 1968.

Barker, Anthony J. The African Link: British Attitudes to the Negro in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1550–1807. London: Frank Cass, 1978.

Barnes, Clive. “The Theater: New LeRoi Jones Play.” New York Times, November 22, 1969.

Barson, Tanya, and Peter Gorschlüter, eds. Afro Modern Journeys through the Black Atlantic. Liverpool: Tate Liverpool, in association with Harry N. Abrams, 2010. Published in conjunction with Afro Modern Journeys through the Black Atlantic exhibition shown at the Tate Liverpool, International Modern and Contemporary Art.

Baucom, Ian. Specters of the Atlantic: Finance, Capital, Slavery, and the Philosophy of History. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2005.

Beauchamp-Byrd, Mora J., and M. Franklin Sirmans, eds. Transforming the Crown: African, Asian, and Caribbean Artists in Britain, 1966–1996. New York: Caribbean Cultural Center/African Diaspora Institute, 1997.

Bell, Lynne. “History of People Who Were Not Heroes: A Conversation with Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons.” Third Text 43 (Summer 1998): 33–42.

Benjamin, Walter. Illuminations. Edited with an introduction by Hannah Arendt. Translated by Harry Zohn. New York: Schocken Books, 1968.

Berger, Sally. “Magdalena Campos-Pons, 1990–2001.” In Salah M. Hassan and Olu Oguibe, Authentic / Ex-centric: Conceptualism in Contemporary African Art. Ithaca and Venice: Forum for African Arts and la Biennale di Venezia, 2001.

Berlin, Ira, Marc Favreau, and Steven F. Miller, eds. Remembering Slavery: African Americans Talk About Their Personal Experiences of Slavery and Emancipation. New York: New Press, 1998.

Bidlake, John. The Slave Trade: A Sermon Preached at Stonehouse Chapel on 28th December 1788. Plymouth: M. and B. Haydon, 1789.

Bindman, David. “Am I Not a Man and a Brother? British Art and Slavery in the Eighteenth Century.” Res 26 (Autumn 1994): 68–82.

Blk Art Group. http://www.blkartgroup.info/82conference.html, accessed October 28, 2013.

Boime, Albert. The Art of Exclusion: Representing Blacks in the Nineteenth Century. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990.

Bolster, W. Jeffrey. Black Jacks: African American Seamen in the Age of Sail. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Boudriot, Jean. Traite, Négrier L’Aurore, Navire de 280 tx., 1784. Paris: Collection Archeologie Navale Francaise, 1984.

Bracken, C. W. A History of Plymouth and Her Neighbours. Plymouth: Underhill, 1931.

Braidwood, Stephen J. Black Poor and White Philanthropists: London’s Blacks and the Foundation of the Sierra Leone Settlement, 1786–1791. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1994.

Branagan, Thomas. The Penitential Tyrant. New York: Samuel Wood, 1807.

Brewer, John, and Roy Porter, eds. Consumption and the World of Goods. London: Routledge, 1993.

Brienen, Rebecca Parker. Visions of Savage Paradise: Albert Eckhout, Court Painter in Colonial Dutch Brazil. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006.

Brody, Jacqueline. “Every Action Is Political and Spiritual: An Interview with Willie Cole.” Artnet, February 14, 1997, 2.

Brooks, Peter. The Melodramatic Imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974.

Brown, Lloyd W. Amiri Baraka. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1980.

Bryden, Inga, and Janet Floyd, eds. Domestic Space: Reading the Nineteenth-Century Interior. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999.

Buick, Kirsten P. “The Ideal Works of Edmonia Lewis.” In American Art, vol. 9, no. 2 (Summer 1995): 11.

Burnside, Madeline, and Rosemarie Robotham. Spirits of the Passage: The Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Seventeenth Century. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.

Byfield, Judy, and Anthea Morrison, eds. Gendering the African Diaspora: Women, Culture, and Historical Change in the Caribbean and Nigerian Hinterland. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2010.

Cahan, Susan E. Mounting Frustration: The Art Museum in the Age of Black Power. Art History Publication Initiative. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016.

Campbell, Horace. Rasta and Resistance: From Marcus Garvey to Walter Rodney. New York: Africa World Press, 1987.

Campbell, James T. Middle Passages: African American Journeys to Africa, 1787–2005. New York: Penguin Press, 2006.

Campbell, Mary Schmidt. Tradition and Conflict: Images of a Turbulent Decade, 1963–1973. New York: Studio Museum in New York, 1985.

Carby, Hazel V. Cultures in Babylon: Black Britain and African America. New York: Verso, 1999.

———. Race Men. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

———. Reconstructing Womanhood: The Emergence of the Afro-American Woman Novelist. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Carter, Edward C., II. “The Political Activities of Mathew Carey, Nationalist: 1760–1814.” PhD diss., Bryn Mawr College, 1962.

Certeau, Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life. Translated by Steven Rendall. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1984.

Chambers, Eddie. Black Artists in British Art: A History since the 1950s. London: I. B. Taurus, 2014.

Charnock, John. An History of Maritime Architecture . . . from the Earliest Period to the Present. 3 vols. London, 1800.

Chase, Henry. In Their Footsteps: The American Visions Guide to African-American Heritage Sites. New York: Henry Holt, 1994.

Clarkson, Thomas. An Abstract of the Evidence Delivered before a Select Committee of the House of Commons, in the Years 1790 and 1791. London: James A. Phillips, 1791.

———. An Abstract of the Evidence Delivered before a Select Committee of the House of Commons, in the Years 1790 and 1791; On the Part of the Petitioners for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Edinburgh: J. Robertson, 1791.

———. The Cries of Africa, to the Inhabitants of Europe; or, a Survey of That Bloody Commerce Called Slave-Trade. London: Harvey and Darton, 1822.

———. An Essay on the Slavery and Commerce of the Human Species, Particularly the African; Translated from a Latin Dissertation Which Was Honoured with the First Prize in the University of Cambridge for the Year 1785. London: James Phillips, 1786.

———. The History of the Rise, Progress, and Accomplishment of the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade by British Parliament. 2 vols. London: Longmans, 1808.

———. A Portraiture of Quakerism, as Taken from a View of the Moral Education, Discipline, Peculiar Customs, Religious Principles, Political and Civil Economy, and Character of the Society of Friends. 3 vols. London: R. Taylor, for Longman, Hurst, Rees and Orme, 1806.

Cobley, John. The Crimes of the First Fleet Convicts. Sydney: Angus and Robertson, 1970.

Coldham, Peter Wilson. Emigrants in Chains: A Social History of Forced Emigration to the Americas, 1607–1776. Stroud, UK: Alan Sutton, 1992.

Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Cooks, Bridget R. Exhibiting Blackness: African Americans and the American Art Museum. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2011.

Coombes, Annie E. Reinventing Africa: Museums, Material Culture, and Popular Imagination. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.

Covarrubias, Miguel. “African Dance for Canot.” Creative Art, vol. 3. no. 3 (September 1928): viii. ———. “African Village for Canot.” Creative Art, vol. 3, no. 1 (July 1928): xii.

———. “America’s Newest Citizens.” Vanity Fair, vol. 30, no. 5 (July 1928): 56–57.

———. The Eagle, the Jaguar and the Serpent. Indian Art of the Americas: North America, Alaska, Canada, the United States. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1954.

———. “Enter the New Negro, a Distinctive Type Recently Created by the Coloured Cabaret Belt in New York.” Vanity Fair, vol. 23, no. 4 (December 1924): 60–61.

———. “The Increasing Vogue of the Negro Revue on Broadway.” Vanity Fair, vol. 23, no. 6 (February 1925): 61.

———. Indian Art of Mexico and Central America. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1957, 2 vols.

———. Island of Bali, with photographs by Rosa Covarrubias. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1937.

———. Mexico South: The Isthmus of Tehuantepec, with photographs by Miguel and Rosa Covarrubias. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946.

———. Negro Drawings. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1927.

———. “6 Derisions from a Mexican Pencil.” Vanity Fair, vol. 23, no. 7 (March 1925): 46.

———. “Two African Men for Canot.” Creative Art, vol. 2, no. 5 (May 1928): ix.

Cowley, Frank. Colonial Australia, 1788–1840. Vol. 1. Melbourne: Nelson, 1980.

Cowley, Malcolm. Adventures of an African Slaver, Being a True Account of the Life of Captain Theodore Canot, Trader in Gold, Ivory & Slaves on the Coast of Guinea: His Own Story as Told in the Year 1854 to Brantz Mayer. New York: Albert & Charles Boni, 1928. Illustrated by Miguel Covarrubias.

Craton, Michael. Sinews of Empire: A Short History of British Slavery. Garden City, NY: Anchor/Doubleday, 1974.

Crawford, Charles. Observations upon Negro-Slavery. Philadelphia: Joseph Crukshank, 1784.

———. Observations upon Negro-Slavery, new ed. Philadelphia: Eleazer Oswald, 1790.

Crichlow, Ernest, and Romare Bearden. Fifteen under Forty: Paintings by Young New York State Black Artists. Saratoga Springs, NY: New York State Education Department / Division of the Humanities and the Arts, 1970.

Critical Resistance. https://www.prisonactivist.org.

Crossroads of People, Crossroads of Trade. Cape Coast: Cape Coast Castle Museum, 1995.

Curtin, Philip D. The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.

Daget, Serge, ed. De la Traite a L’Esclavage: Actes du Colloque international sur la traite de Noirs, Nantes, 1985. Vol. 2. Nantes: Centre de Recherches sur L’Histoire du Monde Atlantique, 1988.

D’Anjou, Leo. Social Movements and Cultural Change: The First Abolition Campaign Revisited. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1996.

Davis, Angela Y. “Masked Racism: Reflections on the Prison Industrial Complex.” Colorlines (Fall 1998).

Davis, David Brion. Ante-bellum Reform. New York: Harper and Row, 1967.

———. “The Enduring Legacy of the South’s Civil War Victory.” New York Times, August 26, 2001, 1D, 6D.

———. From Homicide to Slavery: Studies in American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.

———. In the Image of God: Religion, Moral Values, and Our Heritage of Slavery. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001.

Davis, David Brion. The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770–1823. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1975.

———. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

———. Slavery and Human Progress. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984.

———. The Slave Power Conspiracy and the Paranoid Style. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1970.

DeCorse, Christopher R. An Archaeology of Elmina: Africans and Europeans on the Gold Coast, 1400–1900. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001.

Description of a Slave Ship. London: James A. Phillips for the London Committee of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade, 1789.

Diedrich, Maria, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and Carl Pedersen, eds. Black Imagination and the Middle Passage. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Donnan, Elizabeth. Documents Illustrative of the History of the Slave Trade to America, 1930–1935. 4 vols. New York: Octagon Books, 1969.

Doty, Robert. Contemporary Black Artists in America. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 1971.

Dow, George Francis. Slave Ships and Slaving. Salem, MA: Marine Research Society, 1927.

Drake, Richard. Revelations of Slave Smuggler: Being the Autobiography of Capt. Richard Drake, an African Trader for Fifty Years — From 1807 to 1857; during which period he was Concerned in the Transportation of Half a Million Blacks from African Coasts to America. New York: Robert M. DeWitt, Publisher, 1860.

Drescher, Seymour. Capitalism and Antislavery: British Mobilization in Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Du Bois, W. E. B. The Suppression of the African Slave-Trade to the United States of America, 1638–1870. New York: Longmans, Green, 1896.

Duffy, Michael, et al., eds. The New Maritime History of Devon. Vol. 1, From Early Times to the Late Eighteenth Century. London: Conway Maritime Press in association with the University of Exeter, 1992.

Eisenberg, Diane. Malcolm Cowley: A Checklist of His Writings, 1916–1973 Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1975.

Elam Jr., Harry. “Social Urgency, Audience Participation, and the Performance of Slave Ship by Amiri Baraka.” In Crucibles of Crisis: Performing Social Change, edited by Janelle Reinelt. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.

Eltis, David. Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

———. Transatlantic Slavery Database. http://www.slavevoyages.org/about/team.

Equiano, Olaudah. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, The African. 2 vols. London: Printed for and sold by the author, No. 20, Union-Street, Middlesex Hospital, 1789. Facsimile of the first edition with an introduction and notes by Paul Edwards. London: Dawsons of Pall Mall, 1969.

———. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, The African. 6th ed. London: 1793.

———. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa, The African. 9th ed. 1794. Reprinted in Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings. Edited with an introduction and notes by Vincent Carretta. New York: Penguin Classics, 1995.

———. The Interesting Narrative and Other Writings. Edited with an introduction and notes by Vincent Carretta. New York: Penguin Classics, 1995.

———. The Life and Adventures of Olaudah Equiano; or, Gustavus Vassa, The African. From an Account Written by Himself. Abridged by A. Mott to which are added some remarks on the slave trade, &c. New York: Samuel Wood and Sons, 1829.

Evans, Mary. Filter. London: Institute of International Visual Arts, 1997.

Fabre, Geneviève. Drumbeats, Masks, and Metaphors: Contemporary Afro-American Theatre. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983.

———. Jambo Means Hello: A Swahili Alphabet Book. New York: Dial Press, 1974.

———. Moja Means One: A Swahili Counting Book. New York: Dial Press, 1971.

Fabre, Geneviève, and Robert O’Meally, eds. History and Memory in African American Culture. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

Falconbridge, Alexander. Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa. London: J. Philips, 1788.

Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin, White Masks. New York: Grove Press, 1967.

Feelings, Tom. The Middle Passage. New York: Dial Books, 1995.

Felman, Shoshana, and Dori Laub. Testimony: Crises of Witnessing in Literature, Psychoanalysis, and History. New York: Routledge, 1992.

Ferdinand, Val. “On Black Theater in America: A Report from New Orleans.” Black World, April 1970.

Finley, Cheryl. “Committed to Memory: The Slave Ship Icon in the Black Atlantic Imagination.” Chicago Art Journal 9 (Spring 1999): 2–22.

———. “The Door of No Return,” Common Place 1, no. 4, http://www.common-place.org/vol-01/no-4/finley.

Fladeland, Betty. Abolitionists and Working Class Problems in the Age of Industrialization. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.

Foote, Commander Andrew. Africa and the American Flag. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1854.

Foucault, Michel. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.

Fountain, John W. “Church’s Window on the Past, and the Future.” New York Times, February 9, 2001.

French, Howard W. “On Both Sides Reasons for Remorse: The Atlantic Slave Trade.” New York Times, April 5, 1998.

Friedlander, Saul, ed. Probing the Limits of Representation: Nazism and the “Final Solution.” Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992.

Furneaux, Robin. William Wilberforce. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1974.

Fusco, Coco. English Is Broken Here: Notes on Cultural Fusion in the Americas. New York: New Press, 1995.

———. “Magdalena Campos-Pons at Intar, Review.” Art in America (February 1994).

Fyfe, Christopher, ed. Anna Maria Falconbridge: Narrative of Two Voyages to the River Sierra Leone with Alexander Falconbridge: An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2000.

Gaines, Kevin K. American Africans in Ghana: Black Expatriates and the Civil Rights Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

Gaither, Edmund Barry. Afro-American Artists: New York and Boston. Boston: Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1970.

Gates Jr., Henry Louis. In Search of Our Roots: How 19 Extraordinary African Americans Reclaimed Their Past. New York: Crown Publishers, 2009.

———. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of African-American Literary Criticism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Gillis, John. “Memory and Identity.” In Commemorations: The Politics of National Identity, edited by John Gillis, 3–26. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.

Gilman, Sander L. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race, and Madness. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1985.

Gilroy, Paul. Against Race: Imagining Political Culture beyond the Color Line. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.

———. The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993.

———. Small Acts: Thoughts on the Politics of Black Cultures. New York: Serpent’s Tail, 1993.

Glueck, Grace. “Black Artist Shows in Whitney Lobby.” New York Times, March 20, 1971, 25.

———. “Minority Artists Find a Welcome at New Showcase.” New York Times, December 23, 1969, 22.

———. “Willie Cole: New Concepts in Printmaking 2.” New York Times, July 10, 1988.

Gorée: The Island and the Historical Museum. Dakar: IFAN–Cheikh Anta Diop and the Historical Museum, 1993.

Gould, Philip. The Barbaric Trade: Commerce and Antislavery in the 18th-Century Atlantic World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Graves, Algernon. Royal Academy of Arts: Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Works from Its Foundation, 1769–1904. Vol. 3. London: Graves and George Bell and Son, 1905.

Green, James N. “Mathew Carey (1760–1839).” In American Museum Journalists, 1741–1850, edited by Sam G. Riley. Ann Arbor: Bruccoli Clark Layman, 1988.

Gundaker, Grey. Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Gwynne, James B., ed. Amiri Baraka: The Kaleidoscopic Torch. New York: Steppingstones Press, 1985.

Halbwachs, Maurice. On Collective Memory. Edited and translated by Lewis A. Coser. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Haley, Alex. Roots. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1976.

Hall, Stuart. “Cultural Identity and Diaspora.” In Identity: Community, Culture, Difference, edited by Jonathan Rutherford, 222–37. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1990.

———. “The Question of Cultural Identity.” In Modernity and Its Futures, edited by. S. Hall, D. Held, and T. McGrew, 273–326. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992.

———. “Subjects in History: Making Diasporic Identities.” In The House That Race Built, edited by Wahneema Lubiano, 289–300. New York: Pantheon, 1997.

———. “Three Moments in the History of Black Diaspora Visual Artists.” The Raphael Samuel Memorial Lecture, Conway Hall, University of East London, November 19, 2004.

Hamilton, Douglas, and Robert J. Blyth, eds. Representing Slavery: Art, Artefacts, and Archives in Collections of the National Maritime Museum. Burlington, VT: Lund Humphries; London: In association with the National Maritime Museum, 2007.

Hanway, Jonas. Defects of Police. London: 1775.

Harmon, Katharine. You Are Here: Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination. New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2004.

Harms, Robert W. The Diligent: A Voyage through the Worlds of the Slave Trade. Yale University Press, 2007.

Harper, Michael S. Debridement. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1973.

Harris, William J. Amiri Baraka, The LeRoi Jones/Amiri Baraka Reader. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1991.

Hartman, Geoffrey, ed. Holocaust Remembrance: The Shapes of Memory. London: Blackwell, 1994.

Hartman, Saidiya. Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2007.

Hartman, Saidiya V. Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Hatch, Marshall E. “African American Church Stained Glass: Pointing to Our Past and Our Future.” In Little Black Pearl (Summer 2013). Accessed 10/17/2013. http://blackpearl.org/wp-content/uploads/LBP-Magazine-Summer-2013.

Hawker, Robert. An Appeal to the Common Feelings of Mankind in Behalf of the Negroes in the West-India Islands: More especially addressed to the subjects of the British Empire, through the medium of a letter to William Wilberforce. . . . London: Printed and sold by A. A. Paris, 1823.

Hayden, Dolores. The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.

Hochschild, Adam. Bury the Chains: Prophets and Rebels in the Fight to Free an Empire’s Slaves. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2005.

Hollander, John, and Joanna Weber, eds. Words for Images: A Gallery of Poems. New Haven, CT: Yale University Art Gallery, 2001.

Honig-Fine, Elsa. The Afro-American Artist: A Search for Identity. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1973.

Honour, Hugh. The Image of the Black in Western Art. Vol. 4, From the American Revolution to World War, part 1, Slaves and Liberators. Houston: Menil Foundation, 1996.

Hughes, Langston, and Milton Meltzer. Black Magic: A Pictorial History of the Negro in American Entertainment. New York: Crown Publishers, 1967.

———. A Pictorial History of the Negro in America. New York: Crown Publishers, 1956.

Hurston, Zora Neale. “Story in Harlem Slang.” The American Mercury, July 1942, 94.

Hyland, A. D. C. “Monuments Conservation Practice in Ghana: Issues of Policy and Management.” Journal of Architectural Conservations 2 (1995): 45–62.

Inikori, Joseph E., and Stanley L. Engerman, eds. The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economies, Societies, and Peoples in Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1992.

Isaac, Dan. “The Death of the Proscenium Stage.” Antioch Review (Summer 1971).

Jacobs, Donald M., ed. Courage and Conscience: Black and White Abolitionists in Boston. Bloomington: Published for the Boston Athenaeum by Indiana University Press, 1993.

James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. 1935. New York: Vintage Books, 1963.

Jennings, Judith. The Business of Abolishing the British Slave Trade, 1783–1807. London: Frank Cass, 1997.

Jennings, Lawrence C. French Anti-Slavery: The Movement for the Abolition of Slavery in France, 1802–1848. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Johnson, Walter. Soul by Soul: Life inside the Antebellum Slave Market. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Johnston, Mary. The Slave Ship. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1924.

Jones, Hettie. How I Became Hettie Jones. New York: E. P. Dutton, 1990.

Jones, Kellie. Energy/Experimentation: Black Artists and Abstraction, 1964–1980. New York: Studio Museum in Harlem, 2006.

———. EyeMinded: Living and Writing Contemporary Art. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011.

———. “Life’s Little Necessities: Installations by Women in the 1990s.” In Trade Routes: History and Geography. 2nd Johannesburg Biennale 1997. Johannesburg: Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council, 1997.

Jones, LeRoi. “The Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School.” Liberator, May 1965.

———. “The Black Revolutionary Theatre.” Liberator 5 (July 1965): 4–6.

———. Blues People: Negro Music in White America. New York: William Morrow, 1963.

———. “In Search of Revolutionary Theatre: New Heroes Needed.” Black World, April 1966.

Jones, Lisa. Bulletproof Diva: Tales of Race, Sex & Hair. New York: Doubleday, 1981.

Kirschke, Amy Helene. Aaron Douglas: Art, Race, and the Harlem Renaissance. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1995.

Kowaleski-Wallace, Elizabeth. Consuming Subjects: Women, Shopping, and Business in the Eighteenth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997.

Kriz, Kay Dian. Slavery, Sugar and the Culture of Refinement: Picturing the British West Indies, 1700–1840. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2008.

Kuchler, Susanne, and Walter Melion. Images of Memory: On Remembering and Representation. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991.

Lacey, Henry C. To Raise, Destroy, and Create: The Poetry, Drama, and Fiction of Imamu Amiri Baraka (LeRoi Jones). Troy, NY: Whitston Publishing, 1981.

Lester, Julius. To Be a Slave. Illustrated by Tom Feelings. New York: Dial Press, 1969.

Lettsom, John Coakley. The Works of John Fothergill, M.D. 2 vols. London: Charles Dilly, 1783.

Lewis, Rupert. Marcus Garvey. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1988.

Lewis, Sarah. “Vision and Justice.” Aperture (June 1, 2016): 13.

Liss, Andrea. Trespassing through Shadows: Memory, Photography, and the Holocaust. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.

Linebaugh, Peter. The London Hanged: Crime and Civil Society in the Eighteenth Century. London: Penguin, 1991.

Linebaugh, Peter, and Marcus Rediker. The Many-Headed Hydra: Sailors, Slaves, Commoners, and the Hidden History of the Revolutionary Atlantic. Boston: Beacon, 2000.

Lipsitz, George. Time Passages: Collective Memory and American Popular Culture. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.

Loft, Lenore. “Quakers, Brissot, and Eighteenth-Century Abolitionists.” Journal of the Friends’ Historical Society 55 (1989): 277–89.

London Committee. Case of the Vigilante, a Ship Employed in the Slave Trade: With Some Reflections on That Traffic. London: Harvey, Darton, 1826.

———. The Spanish Schooner, Josefa Maracayera . . . London: Harvey, Darton, 1823.

London Committee of the Society for the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Description of a Slave Ship. London: James A. Phillips, April 1789.

Lowenthal, David. Possessed by the Past: The Heritage Crusade and the Spoils of History. New York: Free Press, 1996.

Lury, Celia. Prosthetic Culture: Photography, Memory, and Identity. London: Routledge, 1998.

Mannix, Daniel P., in collaboration with Malcolm Cowley. Black Cargoes: A History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1518–1865. New York: Viking Press, 1962.

Manuscript Collection Belonging to the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery, for the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage, and for Improving the Condition of the African Race. Philadelphia, 1876.

Mayer, Brantz. Captain Canot; or Twenty Years of an African Slaver, Being an Account of His Career and Adventures on the Coast, in the Interior, on Shipboard, and in the West Indies. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1854.

———. History of the War between Mexico and the United States, with a Preliminary View of Its Origin. New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1848.

———. Mexico as It Was and as It Is. New York: J. Winchester, 1844.

Mayhew, Henry, and John Binny. The Criminal Prisons of London and Scenes of Prison Life. London: Frank Cass, 1862.

McKendrick, Neil, John Brewer, and J. H. Plumb. The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982.

Mercer, Kobena. “Witness at the Crossroads: An Artist’s Journey in Post-Colonial Space.” In Relocating the Remains, edited by Keith Piper. London: Institute of International Visual Arts, 1997.

Midgeley, Clare. Women against Slavery: The British Campaigns, 1780–1870. London: Routledge, 1992.

Miller, Christopher. The French Atlantic Triangle: Literature and Culture of the Slave Trade. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2008.

Mintz, Sidney W., and Richard Price. The Birth of African American Culture: An Anthropological Perspective. Boston: Beacon Press, 1992.

Mitchell, W. J. T. Iconology: Image Text, Ideology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.

Mohabir, Nalini. “An Interview with Roshini Kempadoo.” exPLUSultra, vol. 2, December 2010. Accessed August 15, 2016.

Mollerup, Per. Marks of Excellence: The History and Taxonomy of Trademarks. London: Phaidon, 1997.

Morrison, Toni. “The Site of Memory.” In Inventing the Truth: The Art and Craft of Memoir, edited by William Zinsser. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

Mortimer, Russell. “Quaker Printers, 1750–1850.” Journal of the Friends’ Historical Society 50, no. 3 (1962–64): 100–114.

Moskowitz, David Vlado. Bob Marley: A Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007.

Murphy, Jan. “Art Challenges Colonization: The IV Havana Biennial” and “Testing the Limits.” Cuba Update, March/April 1992.

Myers, Norma. Reconstructing the Black Past: Blacks in Britain c. 1780–1830. London: Frank Cass, 1996.

Neal, Larry. Visions of a Liberated Future: Black Arts Movement Writings. New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1989.

Neill, Peter, ed. Maritime America: Art and Artifacts from America’s Great Nautical Collections. New York: Balsan Press, in affiliation with Harry N. Abrams, 1988.

Nelson, Alondra. The Social Life of DNA: Race, Reparations and Reconciliation after the Genome. New York: Beacon Press, 2016.

Neo-Hoo Doo: Art for a Forgotten Faith. Edited by Franklin Sirmans. Long Island City, NY: P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center and Menil Collection, in association with Yale University Press, 2008. Published on the occasion of the exhibition Neo-Hoo Doo: Art for a Forgotten Faith, shown at the P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center, the Menil Collection in Houston, and the Miami Art Museum.

New Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery. Remarks on the Slave Trade. Philadelphia: Published by Mathew Carey, 1789.

Newton, John. The Journal of a Slave Trader (John Newton), 1750–1754, with Newton’s Thought upon the African Slave Trade. Edited by Bernard Martin and Mark Spurrell. London: Epworth Press, 1962.

Ngaboh-Smart, Francis. “The Politics of Black Identity: Slave Ship and Woza Albert!” Journal of African Cultural Studies 12, no. 2, 1999.

Nora, Pierre. “Between Memory and History: Les Lieux de Memoire.” Representations 26 (Spring 1989): 9.

Ogletree Jr., Charles J. “Repairing the Past: New Efforts in the Reparations Debate in America.” Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review, vol. 38, pp. 279–320.

Oguibe, Olu. “Studio Call: Mary Evans.” Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 10 (Spring/Summer 1999): 38–39.

Oldfield, J. R. Popular Politics and British Anti-Slavery: The Mobilisation of Public Opinion against the Slave Trade, 1787–1807. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995.

Oldham, Ned. “Open to Interpretation.” Black & White, no. 92. Birmingham, AL: Birmingham Museum of Art, 1998.

Omi, Michael, and H. Winant. Racial Formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge, 1994.

Oostindie, Gert, ed. Facing Up to the Past: Perspectives on the Commemoration of the Slavery from Africa, the Americas, and Europe. Kingston: Ian Rand Publishers, 2001.

Orozco, Jose Clemente. Autobiografia. 1945 rpt. Mexico City: Ediciones Era, 1970.

Pederson, Carl. “Sea Change: The Middle Passage and the Transatlantic Imagination.” In The Black Columbiad: Defining Moments in African American Literature and Culture. Edited by Werner Sollors and Maria Diedrich. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994.

Perkins, T. E. “Rethinking Stereotypes.” In Ideology and Cultural Production, edited by Michèle Barrett et al., 135–59. London: Croom Helm, 1979.

Phillips, Caryl. The Atlantic Sound. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.

Piper, Keith. Relocating the Remains. London: inIVA, 1997.

———. A Ship Called Jesus. London: Ikon Gallery, 1991.

Plymouth Committee of the Society for Effecting the Abolition of the Slave Trade. Plan of an African Ship’s Lower Deck with Negroes in the Proportion of Only One to a Ton. Plymouth, England, 1788, annexed plate and four-page pamphlet.

———. Plan of an African Ship’s Lower Deck with Negroes in the Proportion of Only One to a Ton. Plymouth, England, 1789, broadside.

Pollitt, Jerome J. Art and Experience in Classical Greece. London: Cambridge University Press, 1972.

Pope-Hennessy, John. Sins of the Fathers: A Study of the Atlantic Slave Traders, 1441–1807. New York: Knopf, 1968.

Postma, Johannes. The Dutch in the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1600–1815. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Rawley, James A. The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981.

Reidiker, Marcus. The Slave Ship: A Human History. New York: Viking, 2007.

Reilly, Robin. Josiah Wedgwood, 1730–1795. 2 vols. London: Macmillan, 1992.

Resistant Strains. Maximum Security Democracy. Glover, VT: Resistant Strains, 1998.

Rivera, Diego. Miguel Covarrubias. New York: Valentine Gallery, 1932.

Rivers, Larry. Some American History. Houston: Institute for the Arts, Rice University, 1971.

Roach, Joseph. Cities of the Dead: Circum-Atlantic Performance. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996.

Robinson, Imahkus Vienna. “Is the Black Man’s History Being Whitewashed?” Uhuru, no. 9 (1994): 48–50.

Robinson, Randall. The Debt: What America Owes to Blacks. New York: Penguin, 2000.

Rodríguez, Dylan. Forced Passages: Imprisoned Radical Intellectuals and the U.S. Prison Regime. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2006.

Saar, Betye. “Unfinished Business: The Return of Aunt Jemima.” In Unfinished Business: Workers + Warriors, the Return of Aunt Jemima. New York: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, 1998.

Samb, Djibril, ed. Gorée et L’Esclavage: Actes du Seminaire sur Gorée dans la Traite atlantique; Mythes et réalités. Gorée, Senegal, April 7–8, 1997. Dakar: Université Cheikh Anta Diop, 1997.

Sanneh, Lamin. Abolitionists Abroad: American Blacks and the Making of Modern West Africa. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.

Schama, Simon. Rough Crossings: Britain, the Slaves, and the American Revolution. New York: Harper Collins, 2006.

Schevill, James. Breakout! In Search of New Theatrical Environments. Chicago: Swallow Press, 1973.

Schoener, Allon. Portal to American Life: The Lower East Side, 1870–1924. New York: Henry Holt, 1967.

Schwartzman, Myron. Romare Bearden: His Life and Art. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1990.

Sharp, Granville. Free English Territory in AFRICA. London, 1790.

Shaw, A. G. L. Convicts and the Colonies: A Study of Penal Transportation from Great Britain and Ireland to Australia and Other Parts of the British Empire. London: Farber and Farber, 1966.

Shyllon, F. O. Black Slaves in Britain. London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Race Relations, 1974.

Sims, Lowery Stokes, ed. Legacies: Contemporary Artists Reflect on Slavery. New York: New York Historical Society, 2007. Published after the exhibition Legacies: Contemporary Artists shown at the Historical Society.

Skeehan, Danielle. “Deadly Notes: Atlantic Soundscapes and the Writing of the Middle Passage.” The Appendix, “Out Loud,” vol. 1, no. 3 (July 2013).

Smallwood, Stephanie. Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.

Smeathman, Henry. Substance of a Plan of a Settlement, to be made near Sierra Leona, on the Grain Coast of Africa, intended more particularly for the service and happy establishment of Blacks and people of colour to be shipped as freemen, under the direction of the Committee for relieving the black poor, and under the protections of the British Government. London: 1786.

Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London: Printed for W. Strahan and T. Cadwell, 1776.

Smith, John Stores. Mirabeau: A Life History; In Four Books. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard, 1848.

Soderlund, Jean. Quakers and Slavery: A Divided Society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Sollors, Werner. Amiri Baraka/LeRoi Jones: The Quest for a “Populist Modernism.” New York: Columbia University Press, 1978.

Southey, Robert. English Seamen: Howard, Clifford, Hawkins, Drake, Cavendish. Edited and with an introduction by David Hannay. Chicago: Stone and Kimball, 1895.

The Speech of William Wilberforce, Esq. Representative for the County of York, on Wednesday the 13th of May, 1789, on the Question of the Abolition of the Slave Trade. To Which Are Added the Resolutions Then Moved, and a Short Sketch of the Speeches of the Other Members. London: Logographic Press, 1789.

Spillers, Hortense J. “Mama’s Baby, Papa’s Maybe: An American Grammar Book.” Diacritics, vol. 17, no. 2, Culture and Countermemory: The “American” Connection (Summer 1987).

Spirits of the Passage: The Transatlantic Slave Trade in the Seventeenth Century. Edited by Rosemarie Robotham, with foreword and text by Madeline Burnside and Cornel West. New York: Bernhardt Fuyma Design Group, in association with the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society and Simon and Schuster Editions, 1997.

Stein, Judith. The World of Marcus Garvey: Race and Class in Modern Society. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1986.

Stratton, Richard, and Kim Wozencraft, eds. Slam. New York: Grove Press, 1998.

Substance of the Debates on a Resolution for Abolishing the Slave Trade, which was moved in the House of Commons on the 10th June, 1806, and in the House of Lords on the 24th June, 1806. With an Appendix, Containing Notes and Illustrations. London: Phillips and Fardon, 1806.

Svalesen, Leif. Fredensborg. Translated by Pat Shaw and Selena Winsnes. Kingston: Ian Rand Publishers, 2000.

Tableau des Members de la Société des Amis de Noirs: Année 1789. Paris: Société des Amis de Noirs, 1789.

Tattersfield, Nigel. The Forgotten Trade, Comprising the Log of the Daniel and Henry of 1700 and Accounts of the Slave Trade from the Minor Ports of England, 1698–1725. London: Jonathan Cape, 1991.

Tawadros, Gilane. “Bitter Sweet.” In Mary Evans, Mary Evans: Filter. London: Institute of International Visual Arts, 1997.

Taylor, Isaac. Scenes in Africa and America: For the Amusement and Instruction of Little Tarry-at-Home-Travellers. London: Harris and Sons, 1820.

Thomas, Hugh. The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1997.

Thompson, E. P. The Making of the English Working Class. Rev. ed. London: Penguin Books, 1968.

Thompson, Robert Farris. African Art in Motion: Icon and Act in the Collection of Katherine Coryton White. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1974.

———. Black Gods and Kings: Yoruba Art at UCLA. Los Angeles: University of California, Museum and Laboratories of Ethnic Arts and Technology, 1971.

———. Face of the Gods: Art and Altars of Africa and the African Americas. New York: Museum for African Art, 1993.

———. Flash of the Spirit: African and Afro-American Art and Philosophy. New York: Vintage, 1983

———. Soundings: An Exhibition of Sculpture by Ed Love. Washington, DC: Gallery of Art, Howard University, 1986.

Tibbles, Anthony, ed. Transatlantic Slavery: Against Human Dignity. National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside. London: HMSO, 1995.

Tibol, Raquel. “In the Land of Aesthetic Fraternity.” In Lizzetta LeFalle-Collins and Shifra M. Goldman, In the Spirit of Resistance: African-American Modernists and the Mexican Muralist School. New York: The American Federation of Arts, 1996.

Trachtenberg, Alan. Brooklyn Bridge: Fact and Symbol. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

———. Reading American Photographs: Images as History, Mathew Brady to Walker Evans. New York: Hill and Wang, 1989.

Trapp, Jean. “The Liverpool Movement for the Abolition of the English Slave Trade.” Journal of Negro History 13 (July 1928): 265–85.

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History. Boston: Beacon Press, 1995.

Turner, Steve. Amazing Grace: The Story of America’s Most Beloved Song. New York: Harper Collins, 2009.

The Uncle Tom’s Cabin Almanac or Abolitionist Memento for 1853. London: J. Cassell, 1853.

Wadström, Carl Bernhard. An Essay on Colonization, Particularly Applied to the Western Coast of Africa, with Some Free Thoughts on Cultivation and Commerce; also, Brief Descriptions of the Colonies Already Formed, or Attempted, in Africa, Including Those of Sierra Leona and Bulama. 2 vols. London: Darton and Harvey, 1794–95.

Wailoo, Keith, Alondra Nelson, and Catherine Lee. Genetics and the Unsettled Past: DNA, Race and History. Rutgers University Press, 2012.

Walker, David. David Walker’s Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America. Rpt. Black Classics Press, 1997.

Walters, Sabrina. “Glass Recalls Slavery’s Horror.” Chicago Sun Times, December 17, 2000, 24.

Walvin, James. Black and White: The Negro in English Society, 1555–1945. London: Penguin, 1973.

Weitman, Wendy. “New Concepts in Printmaking 2: Willie Cole.” Museum of Modern Art Calendar (June 1998): 32.

White, Deborah Gray. Ar’n’t I a Woman: Female Slaves in the Plantation South. New York: W. W. Norton, 1985.

Williams, Gomer. History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque with an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade. London: William Heinemann, 1877.

Wilson, Ellen Gibson. Thomas Clarkson: A Biography. London: Macmillan, 1989.

Wise, Steven M. Though the Heavens May Fall: The Landmark Trial That Led to the End of Human Slavery. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2005.

Wong, Linda. “Interview with Magdalena Campos-Pons.” Sojourner: The Women’s Forum (September 1997).

Wood, Marcus. Blind Memory: Visual Representations of Slavery in England and America, 1780–1865. New York: Routledge, 2000.

Wood, Samuel. The Mirror of Misery; or, Tyranny Exposed. New York: Samuel Wood, 1807, 1811, and 1814.

Yates, Frances. The Art of Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966.

Yellen, Jean Fagan, and John C. Van Horne, eds. The Abolitionist Sisterhood: Women’s Political Culture in Antebellum America. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994.

Young, James. The Art of Memory: Holocaust Memorials in History. New York: Prestel-Verlag, 1994.

———. The Texture of Memory: Holocaust Memorials and Meaning. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993.

Zelizer, Barbie. “Reading the Past against the Grain: The Shape of Memory Studies.” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 12, no. 3 (1995): 214–39.

SELECTED INTERVIEWS

Terry Adkins

Amiri Baraka

Sanford Biggers

Maria Magdalena Campos-Pons

David C. Driskell

Godfried Donkor

Mary Elliott

Mary Evans

Joy Gregory

Reverend Dr. Marshall E. Hatch

Marshall E. Hatch Jr.

Stephen Hayes

Romuald Hazoumé

Roshini Kempadoo

Keith Piper

Ingrid Pollard

Marianetta Porter

Betye Saar

Hank Willis Thomas

Next chapter

Base text size -

Chapter images ()