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Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

Description: Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Illustrations

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Copyright©2017 by Princeton University Press

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23692

Illustrations

1.1 Food offering and other activities cast into bronze wine vessel (hu), Warring States period

1.2 Detail of cast decoration on bronze hu showing two pictorial planes of decoration

1.3 Representations of architecture inlaid into bronze hu

1.4 Engraved image of feasting, inside of bronze cup

1.5 Engraved image of ritual shooting, inside of bronze cup

1.6 Engraved image of feasting, outside of bronze cup

1.7 Images of buildings engraved on inside of bronze dish

1.8 Image of building, feasting, and hunting engraved on bronze mirror

1.9 Incised image of three-story building on bronze mirror and reconstruction of it

1.10 Reconstruction of incised image of two-story structure on gourd-shaped bronze vessel

1.11 Incised image of two-story building and reconstruction of it on bronze vessel

1.12 Reconstruction of three-story building incised on fragment of bronze vessel

1.13 Plan of palace site no. 4, Weiyang Palace complex, second century BCE, Xi’an

1.14 Reconstruction of frontal section and alternate versions of building incised on bronze object

1.15 Reconstructions of buildings shown in line drawings in figures 1.4 and 1.6

1.16 Sectional and elevation drawings of roofs on excavated bronze vessels

1.17 Roof and pillar representations on excavated bronze vessels

1.18 Miniature que with human and animal figures on each side and si’e roof on top

1.19 Sectional drawing and reconstruction of taixie structure incised on bronze vessel excavated in Zhaogu village, Hui county, Henan

2.1 Maijishan Grottoes, Tianshui, Gansu

2.2 Front façade, plan, and cross-section of Maijishan cave 28

2.3 Reconstruction of front façade, plan, and cross-section of Maijishan cave 30

2.4 Cap-block, front façade, and plan of Maijishan cave 1

2.5 Reconstruction of entrance, plan, cross-section, plan of column base, and pillar of Maijishan cave 43

2.6 Reconstruction of front façade and cross-section of Maijishan cave 49

2.7 Cross-section of gallery of Maijishan cave 4

2.8 Front façade of Maijishan cave 4

2.9 Reconstruction of interior of niche 7 showing a Buddha cabinet, Maijishan cave 4

2.10 Front façade, plan, and cross-section of Maijishan cave 5

2.11 Interior of Maijishan cave 15

2.12 Interior of Maijishan cave 127, Western Wei

2.13 Interior of Maijishan cave 141, Northern Zhou

2.14 Interior of corner of Maijishan cave 27 showing decorated pillar and canopy poles, Buddhist niches, and standing bodhisattva

2.15 Mural showing architecture on lower half of west wall of Maijishan cave 140

2.16 Mural showing palatial-style architecture on south slope of Maijishan cave 127

2.17 Mural showing palatial-style architecture in Maijishan cave 27

2.18 Mural on ceiling of gallery of Maijishan cave 4 showing residential-style architecture, Northern Zhou

2.19 Cross-section of Maijishan cave 3 corridor as it remains today

2.20 Theoretical reconstruction of cross-section and original interior corridor of Maijishan cave 3

2.21 Three types of exterior building frames that use pillars and architraves

2.22 Positions of architraves in Song, Ming, and Qing buildings

2.23 Use of inverted-V-shaped trusses (chashou) and braces from Han to Tang

2.24 Bundled bamboo columns of the Han dynasty

3.1 Evolution of the Buddhist monastery from Yongningsi to Asuka and Nara, Japan

3.2 Reconstruction of front façade of Maijishan caves 4 and 5, sixth century

3.3 Cross-section of Maijishan cave 4, showing viewing angles of a worshiper

3.4 Cross-section of main Buddha hall, Nanchan Monastery, Wutai, Shanxi, 782, showing viewing angles of a worshiper

3.5 Cross-section of main Buddha hall, Foguang Monastery, Wutai, Shanxi, 857, showing viewing angles of a worshiper

3.6 Frontal section of upper four levels of Timber Pagoda, Fogong Monastery, Ying county, Shanxi, 1056, showing viewing angles of a worshiper

3.7 Cross-section of Guanyin Pavilion, Dule Monastery, Ji county, Hebei, 984, showing viewing angles of a worshiper

4.1 Rubbing of gedao from Han relief structure

4.2 Pottery buildings showing column-and-tie-beam construction excavated in Han tombs in Guangdong

4.3 Painting of architecture in tomb of Huo Chengsi, Zhaotong, Yunnan, 376–396

4.4 Detail of gateway with que in mural of Siddhartha Gautama’s Four Encounters outside the palace, Mogao cave 275, Dunhuang, Gansu, Northern Liang, 397–439

4.5 Front façade of cave 9, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi, 484–489

4.6 Niche in west wall of front chamber, cave 10, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi, 484–489

4.7 Entrance to gallery in front of north wall, cave 9, Yungang

4.8 East, north, and west walls of front chamber of cave 9, Yungang

4.9 Five-story pagoda, south wall, rear chamber, cave 6, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi, late 460s–490s

4.10 Frontal view of central pillar, cave 6, Yungang

4.11 Line drawing of relief sculpture on lower level of east wall of main chamber, cave 12, Yungang, Datong, Shanxi, late 460s–490s

4.12 Niche decorated with architecture on back (south) wall, Guyang Cave, Longmen, Luoyang

4.13 Five types of timber frame in Northern Dynasties construction

4.14 Type I construction, consisting of a combination of earth and wood, and four examples

4.15 Type II construction, consisting of mud-earth side and back walls and a timber-frame front

4.16 Type III construction, consisting of columns supporting a wooden framework and a timber-supported gallery

4.17 Type IV construction, consisting of a wooden frame, purlins or architraves on top of columns, and inverted-V-shaped braces

4.18 Type V construction, consisting of pillars on all four sides of structure, high architrave, and bracket sets atop columns as well as between them

4.19 Relief sculpture showing inverted-V-shaped braces or trusses and bracket sets at entrances to Southern Dynasties tombs in vicinity of Nanjing

4.20 Explanatory drawing of modular units in sides of first and second levels of Hōryūji Kondō

4.21 Explanatory drawing of modular units in sides of each story of Hōryūji pagoda

4.22 Four views of pottery structure excavated in Sui tomb in Henan

4.23 Theoretical reconstruction of sarcophagus of Shedi Huiluo and his wife, excavated in Shouyang, Shanxi, 562

4.24 Stone sarcophagus of Li Jingxun, excavated in Xi’an, 608

5.1 Cross-section of Hōryūji Kondō, Ikaruga, Nara

5.2 Cross-section of Shanmen, Dule Monastery, Ji county, Hebei, 984

5.3 Timber Pagoda, Fogong Monastery, Ying county, Shanxi, 1056

5.4 Cross-section of five-story pagoda, Hōryūji, Ikaruga, ca. 710

5.5 Cross-section of three-story pagoda, Hokkiji, Ikaruga, ca. 685

5.6 Cross-section of east pagoda, Yakushiji, Nara, 730

5.7 Cross-section and frontal view of five-story miniature pagoda, Kairyūōji, Nara, Nara period

5.8 Cross-section and frontal view of five-story miniature pagoda, Gangōji, Nara, Nara period

5.9 Cross-section and frontal view of five-story pagoda, Murōji, Nara prefecture, Nara period

5.10 Reconstruction of frontal section of three-story pagoda, Kōfukuji, Nara, Kamakura period

6.1 Reconstruction plan of Hanyuan Hall, Daminggong, Chang’an, Tang dynasty, 634–880s

6.2 Frontal reconstruction, Hanyuan Hall

6.3 Cross-section and elevated corridor to pavilion, Hanyuan Hall

6.4 Reconstruction plan of main hall, Hanyuan Hall

6.5 Pillar placement if columns omitted from figure 6.4

6.6 Detail of palatial hall in painting by Li Song (act. 1190–1230) and reconstruction diagram of hall

6.7 Cross-section of Hanyuan Hall showing rammed-earth core

6.8 Han solutions to load-bearing and stress based on excavated remains, including tomb interiors

6.9 Uses of wall to support the roof of a structure

6.10 Examples of bracket sets and beam frameworks from the eighth century

6.11 Use of the descending cantilever in the early Tang period

6.12 Single-body and double-body que from Northern and Southern Dynasties to Tang

6.13 Triple-body que in mural, tomb of Prince Yide, Qian county, Xi’an vicinity, Tang, 706

6.14 Plan of three main halls along axis, gates, and pavilions, focused on Hanyuan Hall

6.15 Reconstruction of column grid of Hanyuan Hall based on excavation of 1995–1996

6.16 Two possible reconstructions of cross-section of Hanyuan Hall, with particular attention to construction of lower set of eaves

6.17 Theoretical reconstruction of plan of palace hall 37 at Renshougong/Jiuchenggong, Linyou, Shaanxi

6.18 Reconstruction plan of pagoda, Yongning Monastery, Luoyang, Northern Wei, 516

6.19 Line drawing of detail of painting Breaking the Balustrade, attributed to Ma Hezhi, twelfth century

8.1 Plans of six Tang-period palatial-style buildings confirmed by excavation

8.2 Line drawing of Buddhist paradise in Mogao cave 148, Dunhuang, Tang

8.3 Cross-sections of two monastery halls

8.4 Cross-sections of three-bay timber frames

8.5 Line drawing of south side of east wall, Mañjuśrī Hall, Yanshan Monastery, Fanshi, Shanxi, 1153

8.6 Cross-sections of five-bay diantang (palatial-style) frameworks

8.7 Comparison of cross-sections of three fourteenth-century halls in South China with tingtang structure

8.8 Comparison of frameworks of Tang-Song diantang and Ming official-style hall

9.1 Four floor plans showing interior division of space in eminent halls of single or multiple stories, Yingzao fashi, juan 31/2a–b

9.2 Cross-section and plan, Sage Mother Hall, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 1023–1032

9.3 Four types of tingtang frameworks

9.4 Eighteen frameworks for large-scale tingtang in Yingzao fashi

9.5 Isometric drawing of Sansheng Hall, Shanhua Monastery, Datong, 1128–1143

9.6 Cross-sections of three Liao tingtang structures

9.7 Isometric drawing and plan of Mañjuśrī Hall, Foguang Monastery, 1137

9.8 Amitābha Hall, Chongfu Monastery, Shuo county, Shanxi, 1143

9.9 Cross-section and plan, back hall, Altar of Soil and Grain, Beijing, Yongle reign period (1402–1424)

10.1 Bracket sets and beam framework of main hall, Hualin Monastery, Fuzhou, Fujian, 964

10.2 Bracket sets and beam frameworks of rear eaves and sides of main hall, Hualin Monastery

10.3 Bracket sets and beam framework of sides and corners of main hall, Hualin Monastery

10.4 Bracket sets and beam structure, Three Purities Hall, Xuanmiao Daoist Monastery, Putian, Fujian, 1016

10.5 Cross-section of Three Purities Hall, Xuanmiao Daoist Monastery

10.6 Details of buildings, all now destroyed, from Ganlu Hermitage, Taining, Fujian, Song dynasty

10.7 Technical and decorative features of Song architecture in Fujian

10.8 Two examples of Great Buddha–style architecture in Japan

10.9 Tingtang framework for ten-rafter framework with three-rafter beam in front and back, with four columns, illustrated in Yingzao fashi, juan 31

10.10 Comparative details of Song architecture in Fujian and Great Buddha–style architecture in Japan

11.1 Line drawings of twenty-two small and large residential complexes in Wang Ximeng, A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, Palace Museum, Beijing, first quarter of twelfth century

11.2 Line drawings of sixteen residential building complexes with gong-shaped plans in Wang Ximeng, A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, Palace Museum, Beijing

11.3 Line drawings of four bridges in Wang Ximeng, A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains, Palace Museum, Beijing

11.4 Eight examples of gong-shaped plan

12.1 Plan of Beijing in Qianlong period (1736–1796)

12.2 Plan of Dadu, capital of Yuan dynasty, with emphasis on centrality of palaces along central axis of city and measurements that are multiples of nine and five

12.3 Front and Back Halls of Forbidden City, Beijing

12.4 Modular relationships between Back Halls, Six Eastern and Six Western Palaces, and Five Eastern and Five Western Lodges of Forbidden City, Beijing

12.5 Modular relationships between gates along main axis of Beijing from Great Ming-Qing Gate to Prospect Hill, Forbidden City, Beijing

12.6 Plan of Three Front Halls and smaller structures and gates of the compound in proportional relation to one another, Forbidden City, Beijing

12.7 Plan of Imperial Ultimate and Joyful Longevity Halls and proportional relation to other structures, 1771–1776, Forbidden City, Beijing

12.8 Plan of three main halls of Ancestral Temple complex showing modular relations between them, Beijing

12.9 Plan of Altar of Heaven and Earth complex, Yongle period, Da Ming huidian

12.10 Plan of Altar of Heaven and Earth complex in 1420, Beijing

12.11 Plan of Altar of Heaven and Earth complex in 1530, Beijing

12.12 Plan of Great (Sacrificial) Banquet Hall complex in 1545, Beijing

12.13 Plan of Altar of Heaven complex in 1545, Beijing

12.14 Plan of Altar of Heaven complex in 1553, Beijing

12.15 Plan of Altar of Heaven complex in 1588, Beijing

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Book details

Description: Traditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

BOOKTraditional Chinese Architecture: Twelve Essays

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00358

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23690

Fu Xinian (b. 1933) is considered by many to be the world’s leading historian of Chinese architecture. He is an expert on every type of Chinese architecture from every period through the nineteenth century, and his work is at the cutting edge of the field. Traditional Chinese Architecture gathers together, for the first time in English, twelve seminal essays by Fu Xinian. This wide-ranging book pays special attention to the technical aspects of the building tradition since the first millennium BC, and Fu Xinian’s signature drawings abundantly illustrate its nuances.

The essays delve into the modular basis for individual structures, complexes, and cities; lateral and longitudinal building frames; the unity of sculpture and building to create viewing angles; the influence of Chinese construction on Japanese architecture; and the reliability of images to inform us about architecture. Organized chronologically, the book also examines such topics as the representation of architecture on vessels in the Warring States period, early Buddhist architecture, and the evolution of imperial architecture from the Tang to Ming dynasty. A biography of Fu Xinian and a detailed Chinese-English glossary are included.

Bringing together some of the most groundbreaking scholarship in Chinese architectural history, Traditional Chinese Architecture showcases an uncontested master of the discipline.

Author

Fu Xinian, Nancy S. Steinhardt (Editor), Alexandra Harrer (Translator)

PublisherPrinceton University Press

Print publication date May 2017 (in print)

Print ISBN 9780691159997

EISBN 9780300274073

Copyright©2017 by Princeton University Press

Illustrations 159

Print Status in print

Publisher (in print)

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