Subject Index

Alexander, Jonathan J. G.

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Subject Index

Jonathan J. G. Alexander

Medieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Work

Subject Index

Author

Jonathan J. G. Alexander

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00081.015

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-13442

Subject Index

Alphabet pattern books 94, 126, figs 154, 214–16

Antiquarian copies 77, 130–31, 135, 138

Apprentices 27, 127

Artists’ treatises 39

Atelier see Workshop

Binders 23, 38

Bone trial pieces 92

Byzantine art 97–8

Cartolai 52

Champs (‘champide’, ‘champs’) 53

Codex 35

Collaboration of illuminators 47, 49, 50, 127, 139

Colour directions 41, 45–6, 105, 163n.94, figs 65–7

Colours 39, 40

Contracts 52–5

Copies 72–3, 76–7, 82, 100–101, 105–7, 109, 121–2, 125–6, 130–31, 135, 138

Drawings 38–41, 47, 56–7, 62, 73, 109, figs 10, 15, 43, 55–8, 60–63, 67–9, 71–2, 80–81, 92–4, 96–9, 101, 103–5, 109–14, 120–22, 132–6, 151–2, 154, 159, 160–64, 168–9, 177–80, 182–7, 207, 215–16, 220, 237, 239

Drawings, preliminary marginal 56–7, 63–71, 76, figs 93–4, 96–8, 101, 103–5, 107, 109, 113–14, 122

English Royal Chancery 36

Engravings 49, 125

Exemplaria 22

Flourished penwork (‘fleuronée’) 49

Gold 7, 42, 45, 53

Graphite 38–9, 76

Grisaille 39

Guilds and Confraternities 30–31, 126–7

‘Histoire’ 59

‘Illuminator’ 10, 155n.108

Initials, re-use of 49

Ink seller 23

Instructions to illuminators:

Verbal 4, 53–63, 69, 71, 112–18, 161n.57, 162n.85, 178n.116, figs 1, 65–7, 85–6, 88, 91–2, 115–17

Visual see Drawings, preliminary marginal

See also Colour directions

Journeymen 127

Lapis lazuli 40

‘Letters d’attent’ 47

‘Librarius’ (‘libraires’) 6, 22–3, 52, 113, 115

‘Limners’ 31

Maquette 56–7

Marginal scenes 118–19

Minium 40

Models (see also Copies) 53

‘Moduli’ 87, 114

‘Notours’ 31

Numbered miniatures 59, 161n.57, figs 84, 89

Palette 23, fig. 35

Paper 35

Papyrus 35

Parchment 35

Parchment pasted in 35–6

Parchmenter 20, 23, 36, fig. 30

Paris tax rolls 4, 22–3

Pattern books (see also Alphabet pattern books) 5, 57, 76, 85, 94, 98, 109, 111–12, 121, 124, 126, 130, 141, 145, figs 2, 132–5, 160–62, 179, 187, 207

Payment of illuminators see Prices

‘Pecia’ 22

Pen trials (probationes pennae) 76

Pencil 38

‘Penellum’ 38

‘Pictor’ 9, 10, 15–16

Pigments 39–40

‘Plummet’ 38

Pouncing 50

Preliminary marginal drawings see Drawings

Preliminary marginal written instructions see Instructions

Prices 23, 26–7, 32, 36, 165n.48

Pricking for transfer (see also Tracing) 50, figs 71, 73

Production and/or pricing marks 26

Programmes for illumination see Instructions, Verbal

Repainting of miniatures 49

Restoration of manuscripts 49

Roll 35

Rule of St Benedict 4, 72, 89

Ruling 40

Scriptorium 9, 12, figs 9, 16

Silk, as protection for miniatures 164n.18

Single leaves 30, 36, 125–6

Stages of execution 40–42, 47, figs 60–64, 68–9

Stamps, of artists 126

Stylus 38

Tools 38

Tracing 50–51, 126–7

‘Tumours’ 31

‘Twin’ manuscripts 105, 138

Unfinished miniatures 38–41, 47, figs 57, 60–64, 68

Vellum 35

Wax tablets 35

Woodcuts 49, 125

Workshop 127, 129

Writing masters 23, 126

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Book details

BOOKMedieval Illuminators and Their Methods of Work

Jonathan J. G. Alexander

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00081

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-13421

Who were the medieval illuminators? How were their hand-produced books illustrated and decorated? In this important book, Jonathan Alexander presents a survey of manuscript illumination throughout Europe from the fourth to the sixteenth century. He discusses the social and historical context of the illuminators' lives, considers their methods of work, and presents a series of case studies to show the range and nature of the visual sources and the ways in which they were adapted, copied, or created anew.

Alexander explains that in the early period, Christian monasteries and churches were the main centers for the copying of manuscripts, and so the majority of illuminators were monks working in and for their own monasteries. From the eleventh century, lay scribes and illuminators became increasingly numerous, and by the thirteenth century, professional illuminators dominated the field. During this later period, illuminators were able to travel in search of work and to acquire new ideas, they joined guilds with scribes or with artists in the cities, and their ranks included nuns and secular women. Work was regularly collaborative, and the craft was learned through an apprenticeship system. Alexander carefully analyzes surviving manuscripts and medieval treatises in order to explain the complex and time-consuming technical processes of illumination—its materials, methods, tools, choice of illustration, and execution. From rare surviving contracts, he deduces the preoccupation of patrons with materials and schedules. Illustrating his discussion with examples chosen from religious and secular manuscripts made all over Europe, Alexander recreates the astonishing variety and creativity of medieval illumination. His book will be a standard reference for years to come.

Author

Jonathan J. G. Alexander

PublisherYale University Press

Print publication date December 1992 (in print)

Print ISBN 9780300056891

EISBN 9780300220513

Illustrations 247

Print Status in print

Publisher (in print)

WorldCat

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