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Index
Seth Estrin
Description: Grief Made Marble: Funerary Sculpture in Classical Athens
Grief Made Marble: Funerary Sculpture in Classical Athens
Index
Author
Seth Estrin
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© 2023 by Seth Estrin
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-100337
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Index
Separate listings are given for Carmina Epigraphica Graeca (CEG) citations and museum inventory numbers following the subject index
Achilles, 60, 101–2, 105, 119
Achilles Painter, 101, 101–2
Admetus, 106, 108
adornment of funerary monuments, 3, 27, 201n3. See also ribbons
Aeschines, 131
Aeschylus, 13, 69
Agamemnon, 65, 71, 210n32
Libation Bearers, 30, 37
Agamemnon: grief of, in painting by Timanthes, 136
Hecuba asking for pity from, 133
tomb of, 28–31, 29, 138, 206n28
Agathon, 2, 2, 5, 16, 204n56
agency: of bereaved, 52
of deceased, 116
hands and, 48
of living eye, 68
of memory, 12–13
nominative nature of statues and, 41
origin of monument attributed to the deceased, 10
pity and, 62
remembrance and, 58
aggelia (proclamation), 46–47
Aigaleo, 147–48
Ajax, 65–66, 68, 69–71
alabastron (small perfume vessel), 148, 150, 217n95
Alcestis, 107–8, 216n49
Alcinous, 45
Althusser, Louis, 209n20
ambiguities: gender ambiguity of name in epigram, 212n23
homonymic, 49
pictorial, 12, 204n64
of relief sculpture, 14, 15, 76, 94, 97
of verbal descriptions, 48, 49
Ameinokleia, stele of, 140–41, 141
box held by background figure, 143
Ampelakia, stele from, 90–91, 90–91
Ampharete, stele of, 67
compared to Andron’s stele, 212n43
compared to Eupheros’s stele, 66
compared to Sosinos’s stele, 78
destruction of, 185
epigram, 7, 66–68, 75, 95
infant as focal point, 66–68
location of, 16, 76, 77
Amphipolis, stele from, 70, 71
amphora: with Hermes leading a youth toward Charon, by Kleophon Painter (attrib.), 38
with youths at tomb playing knucklebones, by Kleophon Painter (attrib.), 37–38, 38
Amyntas, stele of, 70, 71–72
anagnōrisis (recognition), 13–14, 30, 204–5nn73–78. See also recognition
Andron and his son, stele of, 99, 105, 212n43
animation. See movement
anonymous figures: enslaved persons as, 124, 128, 132–33, 135–36
third figure on funerary monuments, 92–93
Anthippe, stele of, 95–98, 96
compared to Krinylla’s stele, 95
compared to Plangon’s stele, 145
compared to Pythogenes’s stele, 97
comparing tactile with visual experience, 98
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 90, 95
epigram, 95–97
identification of figures, 95, 212n31
unreciprocated gesture, 95, 212n32
Anticlea, 102, 105, 121
Antigone, 207n19
Antiphilos. See Dionysia, stele of
Aphrodite, 157
Apollo sanctuary at Delphi, 162
Archaic period: burial of the war dead in, 69
artists’ names on funerary monuments of, 204n57
funerary monuments of, 41–45, 41–42, 47
genitive names on funerary monuments of, 40–42, 47, 204n66, 207n3, 207nn7–9
Persian destruction of funerary monuments of, 185
pity in relation to funerary monuments of, 61–62, 64, 209n17, 211n17
Sirens, depictions of, 157, 218n12
violence associated with lamenting in, 167
Archestrate, stele of, 145–47, 146
box contents, 150
child seeking mother’s attention, 147
compared to Pheidylla’s stele, 145
epigram of, 147, 213n59
Argus (Odysseus’s dog), 138–40, 206n51, 216n65
Aristion, stele of, 41, 41, 42
Aristodike, Proxenides, and Menippe, stele of, 160, 164, 164, 173
Aristodikos. See Peisikrateia, stele of
Aristokles, stele signed by, 41, 41, 108
Aristomache, stele of, 207n14
Aristophanes, 8, 219n79
Aristoteles, stele of, 213n57
Aristotle: anagnōrisis defined by, 13, 204nn73–75
on capabilities of children, 137, 214n83
on dreams, 6
homonymy and, 15, 47–48, 58, 66, 68, 208n42, 208n44, 208n46
on intelligence, 115
Nicomachean Ethics, 118, 213n71
On Memory, 204n64
On the Soul, 98
Parts of Animals, 47
on physical stamping of perception, 31
on pity, 60, 132, 209n9, 209n26, 210n65
Poetics, 6, 13, 209n26
Politics, 215n19
Rhetoric, 209n9
on slavery, 137, 216n52
on touch, 102, 212n36
on tragedy, 209n26
Aristylla, stele of, 88–89, 89–92
compared to Mnesarete’s stele, 133, 135
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 89–90
epigram, 89, 91
identification of figures, 89, 211n16
quality denigrated, 89, 211n13
Artemesias, stele of, 108–10, 110, 213n77
aryballos (oil flask), 35
Astyanax, 33, 48
Athena, 65, 71
Athenokles, stele of, 55–56, 55, 71, 73
epigram, 55–56, 71
Athens: Acropolis, 184
Agora, 184
Dipylon Gate, 17
Hill of the Muses area, stele from, 99–101, 100
sack of (ca. 480 BCE), 61, 69
Sacred Gate, 17, 174, 183
Sacred Way, 17, 18–19, 76, 77, 185
Theater of Dionysus, 69, 184. See also Kerameikos cemetery
Parthenon
aural. See sounds
autobiography, 208n40
babies. See children
Bachelard, Gaston, 147, 217n87
basanos (testimony extracted by torture), 138, 216nn56–57
baskets, 148, 148
Baziotopoulou-Valavani, Effie, 210n61
beauty (kalon), 131
beholders. See viewers
the bereaved: acting in servile role, 127
burial rites and, 20
curation of tomb, 20
fragility of encounter with the deceased, 99
grief of, 78
pity for, 59–60, 65, 132, 179
remembrance and, 50–58
in Simonides’s funerary poem, 59–60. See also memory
remembrance (mnēma, mnēmeion)
bereavement and grief: cultural context of, 202n27
deceased leaving grief behind, 56
as emotional state, 6
enslaved person as metaphor for grief, 152
gravesite expressions of, 6, 186
pity assuring recognition of grief, 6–7, 60, 62, 64–65, 132
Siren visibly crying out in grief, 157, 180. See also laments
longing
mourning
Bergemann, Johannes, 4, 202n12, 203n45, 211n6, 213n73, 217n80
Best, Stephen, 204n63
Biote, stele of, 52
epigram, 52–53
birds: on children’s funerary monuments, 113
fabric attracting attention of, 153
on Farewell Stele, 82, 83, 170, 211n6
on funerary monuments, 8, 38, 50, 51, 161, 161, 169, 206n63, 219n61
on lekythos, 111
on Melantes and Menakles’s stele, 170–71, 170
on Mnesikleides’s stele, 169–70, 169
mourners imagined as, 167
Sirens appearing flanked by, 164, 165
Siren’s avian elements, 157, 159, 161, 161, 163, 169, 171, 176
Boardman, John, 218n13
boxes, 217n73
akin to containers in tragic recognition, 147
as burial coffins, 147–48, 147
chairs and, 148, 160
as containers of personal valuables, 143, 160
contents inscrutable, 125, 127, 143, 150–51
contents not revealed, 130, 143, 145
cremated remains in, 147
dexiōsis (handclasp) with, 143–45, 144, 146
funerary monument carved in form of, 148
as grave gifts, 147, 150, 150
haptic qualities of, 143
lekythos with woman visiting grave to offer box as gift, by Inscription Painter (attrib.), 149, 149
lid ajar, 143, 165
as metaphors for memory, 147
offered by enslaved figures, 143–52
recognition enabled by, 147
typical contents, 150
Breuer, Christine, 203n33, 203n36
bronze: cast bronze figures, 8, 33–34, 185
Dexileos’s stele and Siren outfitted with attachments of, 178
strigils, 24
burial plots. See periboloi
burial practices: coffins, use of, 147–48, 147
cremation, 147
customary practices (nomoi) of, 72–74
Demetrios of Phaleron, sumptuary law against luxurious practices, 185–86, 220n5
state regulation of, 20, 61, 69, 167, 219n86. See also mass graves
Butler, Judith, 208n36, 215n9
Butler, Shane, 218n6, 220n91
Bynum, Caroline Walker, 9
Carmina Epigraphica Graeca (CEG). See separate listing following the subject index
Carson, Anne, 60
Cassandra, 65–66, 68, 71
Cave, Terence, 14
Centaur and Lapith (Parthenon), 184, 184
Chaironeia, Battle of: Athenian loss at, 185
dismantlement of monuments by Athenians after, 185, 220n5
simpler funerary monuments after, 186
Charon, 37, 38
Cheops’s daughter, 56, 209n71
Chicago Painter, 33–34, 34
children: Aristotle on, 137, 214n83
characterization of, in Greek literature, 113
dexiōsis (handclasp), child’s inability to replicate, 51, 108, 111–14
dogs on funerary monuments of, 22, 23, 113, 131–32, 131, 161–62, 161
epigrams for, 111, 113, 115, 214n83
fabric attracting attention of, 153
on funerary monuments, 108, 110, 111–15, 112–15, 210n48, 213n79
lekythoi depicting, 111, 111
in mass grave of plague victims, 73
on Mynnia’s stele, 108, 110, 111
Phylonoe’s stele and, 114–15, 114–15
Plato on, 113, 214n83
Sirens and, 163, 218n22. See also chous (small vessel associated with children)
Eupheros, stele of
toys
specific names of stelai that include children among their figures
Childs, William A., 203n47
chous (small vessel associated with children), 24, 25, 73, 205n8
red-figure chous with children playing, by Reed Painter (attrib.), 73
Chrysanthe, stele of, 91–92, 92, 122
epigram, 91–92, 98, 118, 212n21
gender ambiguity of name, 212n23
Chrysochoos, stele of, 46, 47, 50
Chrysothemis, 31, 33
Cicero, 185
On the Laws, 210n41
Clairmont, Christoph, 9, 201n6, 203nn32–33, 203n45, 203n47, 204n48, 212n31, 212n55, 215n17, 216n42, 218n8, 219n46
Cleon, 132
Corinthian War, 69, 174, 179
courtroom behavior and oratory, 137–38, 216n54
curse figurines, 78–79, 78, 210nn7–8
Cycladic funerary sculpture, 22
Cyllene, 178
Danae, 147–48, 148, 150
Daochos Monument, Sisyphos II, 215n24
deity, use of nominative case for, 40–41, 207n1
deixis, 207n17
Deleuze, Gilles, 205n17
delusions. See hallucinations and delusions
de Man, Paul, 208n40
Demeter (Parthenon), 184, 184
Demetrios and Theodote, stele of, 116–17, 116
epigram, 116
Demetrios of Phaleron: law banning elaborate funerary monuments, 185, 220n5
ban lifted, 186
Democritus, 47–48
demonstrative pronoun, use of, 44, 49, 68, 94, 207nn16–17, 216n44
Demosthenes, 138, 184–85, 185, 216n56
Dermys and Kittylos of Tanagra, monument of, 207n3
Derrida, Jacques, 218n10
Dexileos, peribolos and stele of, 5, 174–79, 175–76, 203n47
battle spectacle in, 178
bronze attachments to, 178
location of precinct of, 16, 183
lyre held by Siren, 178–79
Parthenon imagery and, 184
reconstruction drawing of, 175
Sirens and, 174–79, 175, 177, 219n75
dexiōsis (handclasp), 4, 15, 85–122, 136, 211n2
Ampelakia, stele from, and, 90–91
Amyntas’s stele and, 71
Andron’s and his son’s stele and, 99
anonymous third figure added to scene of, 92–93
Anthippe’s stele and, 90, 95
Aristylla’s stele and, 89–90, 92, 211n13
boxes depicted in conjunction with, 143–45, 144, 146
children and, 51, 108, 111–14
Chrysanthe’s stele and, 92
comparing tactile with visual experience, 98–105
Demetrios’s stele and, 116
Diphilos’s stele and, 118
early example of, 211n13
as encounter between the living and the deceased, 89, 99, 102, 105, 116–17
enslaved person and, 128, 136, 143
epigrams and, 15, 102, 118, 144
Euthykritos’s stele and, 103–5
Farewell Stele and, 82, 136
Hieron’s stele and, 85–87, 90, 121
incomplete, 99, 212n44
Korallion’s stele and, 90, 91, 184
Krinylla’s stele and, 90
longing and, 108
Melite’s stele and, 107
memories and, 115–20
Mynnia’s stele and, 108
orthogonal perspectives of, 90, 116
Paramythion and Pheidiades’s stele and, 120, 170, 214n107
Peisikrateia’s stele and, 90, 93–95
Pythogenes’s stele and, 97
Smikythos’s sister’s stele and, 91
Theophile’s stele and, 118
Didi-Huberman, Georges, 182
Diepolder, Hans, 203n47
Dionysia, stele of, x, 1–4, 7, 8, 151, 201n6
epigram, 1–2, 7
Dionysos, monument of, 208n57
Dionysus. See Athens: Theater of Dionysus
Diphilos, stele of, 117–18, 117
distributed personhood, 209n74
dogs: Amyntas’s stele and, 72–73
on children’s funerary monuments, 22, 23, 113, 131–32, 131, 161–62, 161
Euthykritos’s stele and, 103
fabric attracting attention of, 153
on funerary monuments, 8, 36, 37, 58, 140, 159
of Odysseus (Argus), 138–40, 206n51, 216n65
on red-figure oinochoe, 34
Sirens and, 161–62, 161, 169
dolls. See toys
Dorkas, stele of, 201n7
dreams, 6, 105–6
duBois, Page, 137
eidōla (phantoms), 65, 149, 149, 207n11, 209n29
ekphrasis, 48, 179
Electra, 28–33, 29, 37, 48, 50, 55–56, 65, 138, 147, 206n28, 213n62
eleos. See pity
Elpenor’s ghost, 207n1
emotion: affect and, 4, 6, 12, 15, 202nn17–18, 202n21
in courtrooms, 137, 216n54
expression in stone, 1, 3–9, 181–82
formalized to uphold social norms, 4
history of, 202n16
imagination and, 6
memory and, 6
objectivity vs., 9, 203n44
perception and, 6
Sirens expressing, 159. See also empathy
longing
mourning
pity
empathy, 6, 60, 163, 203n29, 218n41
Enporion of Lesbos, stele of, 39, 39
enslaved persons, 83, 123–54, 214n5
on Amyntas’s stele, 71–72
analogous to animals, 132, 216n33
analogous to visitor to gravesite, 149
anonymity of, 124, 128, 132–33, 135–36
as background figures, 83, 123–24, 129, 140
boxes offered by, 143–52
carving distinctions in rendering of, 128–29, 130, 152, 215n17
contact with the deceased, 126, 136
designations used in scholarship for, 126, 215n7
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 128, 136, 143
difficulty in identification of, 215n7, 215n10
disenfranchisement of, 83, 124
on Farewell Stele, 81–82, 215n10
hermeneutic double-vision and, 126
as household members, 8, 15, 123–24
iconographic markers of, 127
invisibility of, 135–40, 143
as metaphor for grief, 152
metics (foreign residents) and, 127, 215n17
nurses as, 128, 215n23
palaistra entry forbidden to, 130–31
personhood and, 152
on Pheidylla’s stele, 123–24
physical appearance and dress on funerary monuments, 126–32, 140
pity and, 132–35, 151, 216n34
punishment of, 124
recognition (anagnōrisis) and, 135–40
short stature of, 126–27, 126, 129
similarities to free persons, 128, 215n21
social death of, 214n6
torture of, 137–38, 140
viewer identifying with, 153
war captives as, 128, 133
women with cropped hair as, 127, 151, 153, 160
“worthy” individuals as, 217n80. See also snoods
epigrams, 7–8
of Ampharete, 7, 66–68, 75, 95
of Amyntas, 71
of Andron and his son, 99, 105, 212n43
of Anthippe, 95–97
of Archestrate, 147, 213n59
of Aristylla, 89, 91
of Athenokles, 55–56, 71
of Biote, 52–53
for children, 111, 113, 115, 214n83
of Chrysanthe, 91–92, 118, 212n21
collections of, 203nn32–33
“conceal,” verb used for, 147, 213n59
of Demetrios, 116
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 15, 102, 118, 144
of Dionysia, 1–2
“echein” (“to have” or “to hold”) term in, 49, 68, 95–97
enslaved persons and, 128
of Eukoline, 44, 48, 50, 68, 75, 95, 212n47, 216n44
of Euthykritos, 105, 147
greetings in, 106–8, 213n70
of Hegilla, 155, 180
of Herakleia, 62
of Hieron, 87, 105, 120–21
homonymic language in, 48–49, 54, 108
“leave behind” phrase in, 55–56, 209nn68–69, 209n71
“lies here” phrase in, 50, 55, 99, 106
of Littias, Choirine, and Lysistrate, 111
longing expressed in, 6
of Melite, 106–8, 213nn69–70
of Mnesagora and Nikochares, 7, 50
of Mnesarete, 134
multiple perspectives addressed in, 56, 83, 92, 95–96, 119
name incorporated into, 15, 42–47, 52
optic recognition aligning with haptic reunion in, 106–8
of Pausimache, 7, 56, 57, 61, 62, 75
of Peisikrateia, 93–95, 105, 212n29, 216n44
of Phan[ . . .], 62, 151
of Philokydis, 108
of Philostratos, 132, 169
of Phrasikleia, 42, 44
of Phylonoe, 115
pity, references to, 61, 64
of Plangon, 144–45
reading and singing aloud, 7, 54, 203n34
recognition and, 12, 121
“remembrance” and, 31, 50–54, 117
second-person addresses in, 2, 52, 56, 62, 108, 131, 151, 169, 211n15, 211n17
“set up” phrase in, 54, 56
of Smikythos’s sister, 99, 135
of Sosinos of Gortyn, 54
of Theogeiton, 45–47, 58
of Theophile, 119
“to fade” (phthíō) phrase in, 208n57
“to observe the sign” (sēma) phrase and, 87, 120–21
understanding of imagery through, 7–8, 15
as voices of those surrounding the deceased, 83
of Xenokleia, 61–62, 64, 216n41
Erxis. See Demetrios and Theodote, stele of
Eukleia. See Philokydis, stele of
Eukoline, stele of, 27, 42–44, 43, 49
ambiguities of, 76
epigram, 44, 48, 50, 68, 75, 95, 212n47, 216n44
jewelry in hand, 49
location of, 16, 27
nominative name and, 49, 207n18
Eupheros, burial of, 17
compared to mass grave of plague victims, 73
curse figurines added to grave, 78–79, 78
drawing of, 24, 24
fabric remnants in grave, 20, 205n18
lekythoi in grave, 24, 27–28, 30, 32, 39, 73–74, 101
location of, 16, 19, 73, 76, 77
objects placed in grave at time of, 24, 25, 27–28, 38, 73, 113, 147, 205n10
objects placed in, 78–79
plague and, 73
strigils and, 22, 24–26, 26, 33–39, 48, 49, 55, 56, 130
Eupheros, stele of, 14, 17–33, 20, 22, 26, 203n47
age of the deceased, 24–25, 79, 205n7
compared to Ampharete’s stele, 66
compared to Lissos’s stele, 20–21, 32, 78
compared to young men on Parthenon frieze, 22, 23, 26, 72
dating of, 203n47
depiction of a youth on, 22–26, 35
displacement of, 79
excavation of, 18, 20, 24
homonymy and, 47–49
inscribed name, 20, 40, 45, 58
as isolated single figure of the deceased, 72
painting of, 20, 26, 32, 32, 35
recognition of person in, 14, 26–33
reconstruction drawing of, 32, 206n39
ribbon adornment of, 32, 39, 167
Euphronios. See Peisikrateia, stele of
Euphrosyne. See Mynnia, stele of
Euripides, 13, 69
Alcestis, 106, 209n69, 210n37, 213n65, 216n49
Electra, 37, 138, 206n28, 206n30, 213n62
Hecuba, 48, 65–66, 133, 210n32, 210n37
Helen, 168–69, 213n70, 219n51
Ion, 147, 206n32, 213n64
Iphigenia among the Taurians, 105–6, 206n32, 213n64
Medea, 58
Phoenissae, 207n19
Trojan Women, 33
Eurycleia, 87, 138–40, 211n12, 216n63, 216n65
Euthykritos, stele of, 103–5, 104
compared to Aristoteles’s stele, 213n57
epigram, 105, 147
Euthylla. See Biote, stele of
family structure, 9–10
family unity and encounters, 15, 64, 71–72, 81–82, 83, 145, 212n32, 214n2
Farewell Stele, 80, 81–82, 82–83, 83, 136, 219n62
bird on, 82, 83, 170, 211n6
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 82, 136
attendant, identification of, 81–82, 215n10
figural types, approach based on. See morphology and iconography
finials, 18, 42, 169
first-person voice, 44–47, 60, 66, 155, 218n4
Foley, Helene, 167
Ford, Andrew L., 219nn51–53
Foucault, Michel, 207n22, 212n29
Foundry Cup (Attic vase), 33–34, 34
Foundry Painter, 34
fragments of stelai (without named person): with figural scene and loutrophoros (Attic), 62, 64
with two women and a child (Attic), 150, 150
with two women (from near Syngrou prison, Athens), 150, 150
frames, 148, 152, 157, 159, 163, 218n10
Freedberg, David, 202n15
Fried, Michael, 136, 211n9, 216n47
Fuchs, Werner, 73
funeral orations, 69, 71, 74, 179, 210n58, 220n90
funerary monuments: anonymous third figures on, 92–93
chronology of Classical Attic, 20, 69, 188, 203n47
client’s wishes and, 9–10
cataloguing of, 9–11, 204n48
as corpus, 3, 9–11, 203n45
emotional system constructed by, 183
in form of box and basket, 148, 148
formulaic appearance of, 4, 44–47, 62, 76, 159, 183–84, 185
generic nature overstated in scholarship, 9–10, 204n50, 204n60
Greek terms for, 12
kioniskoi (small columns) as, 186, 186
later modifications to and recarving of, 8, 10, 203n42
later repurposing of, 186
locations of, 3, 5, 16
multifigure, 9–10, 15, 81–83
Penelope statue as prototype for, 140
pictoral syntax of, 211n2
popular compositions, 25, 27, 28, 64, 71–72, 76, 124, 143–52, 160, 205nn14–15
purpose of, 7
ritual function of, 7, 203n37
rooflines of, 42
single-figure, 72, 81–82
social readings of, 4, 6, 7, 203n36
women’s outnumbering men’s, 71. See also dexiōsis (hand-clasp)
epigrams
mnēma (remembrance)
relief sculpture
remembrance
sēma (sign)
Sirens
specific names of the deceased and categories of figures (e.g., children, enslaved persons)
gaze of beholder. See viewers
gaze of figures, 34, 50, 68, 81, 91, 92, 99, 108, 121, 135, 151
Gell, Alfred, 209n74
genitive form of name, 41, 207n4, 207n7, 207n14
Glaukotas, stele of, 205n2
Golden, Mark, 202n17
Gombrich, Ernst, 181
Gorgias, 6, 209n14
Gorgon, 106, 159
graves. See burial practices
funerary monuments
Kerameikos cemetery
periboloi (burial plots)
specific names of the deceased
Gray, Celina, 219n69
grief. See the bereaved
bereavement and grief
laments
mourning
Grossman, Janet B., 203n45, 213n78
Halliwell, Stephen, 60
Hallof, Klaus, 211n6
hallucinations and delusions, 2, 6, 31, 52, 65, 106
hand: Ampharete’s hand holding child, 68
Aristotle’s homonymous hand, 48, 66
boxes in hands of enslaved persons, 143–52
fabric worn by the deceased acting as surreptitious hand reaching toward the viewer, 154
Farewell Stele, hand gesture in, 136
Sostratos’s hand gesture akin to Siren’s lament, 160, 161. See also dexiōsis (handclasp)
touch
haptic. See touch
Hay, Jonathan, 202n21
Hector, 33, 60
Hecuba, 33, 48, 133
Hegeso, stele of, 127, 127
contents of box inscrutable, 143
the deceased compared to her attendant, 130
destruction of the peribolos of, 185
fabric hanging from figures on, 153, 215n26
location of, 16, 183
“oriental” sleeves indicating enslaved person, 215n14
Parthenon imagery and, 183–84
Hegilla. See Philagros and his daughter Hegilla, stele of
Helen, 168–69, 179, 219nn51–53
Hellanikos of Lepreon, monument of, 207n2
Heracles, 106
Herakleia, stele of, 62, 62, 64
epigram, 62
Hermes, 37, 38, 207n1
Herodotus, 56, 209n71
Hierokles, peribolos of family of, 87, 121–22
location of, 86
reconstruction drawing of, 86. See also Hieron, stele of
Hieron, stele of, 84, 85–88, 120–22, 121–22, 211n11
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 85–87, 90, 121
epigram, 87, 105, 120–21
location of, 86
reconstruction drawing of, 86
sēma (sign) and, 87, 120–21
Himmelmann, Nikolaus, 4, 202nn10–11, 211n6, 211n11, 212n44, 214n2, 215n14, 215n17
Homer: Iliad, 60, 101, 119, 162, 219n66
“observing the sign” in, 211n12, 216n64
Odyssey, 13–14, 45, 52–53, 87, 102, 138–40, 162, 167, 211n12, 212n22, 216n34
Sirens and, 162, 171, 218n13
touch to verify sight in, 101–2
homonymy, 15, 47–50
in epigrams, 48–49, 54, 108
of funerary monument, 58, 59, 68, 75, 97–98
of nominative name, 48–49. See also Aristotle
House of Proclus, funeral table from, 216n49
iconography. See morphology and iconography
Illissos stele, 212n44
illusionism, 171
Inscription Painter, 149–50, 149
inscriptions. See epigrams
the invisible, 12, 204n65
enslaved persons as, 135–40
sculpture and, 21
Ionic capitals, 173
Iphigenia, 105–6, 206n32, 210n32
Isocrates, 56, 58
Johansen, K. Friis, 11
Kallias. See Megakles, epigram of
Kallimedon, stele of, 203n46
Kalliphon, stele of, 143–44, 144
Kallisto, stele of, 164, 165, 167, 169, 173
Kalogeropoulou, Athena, 217n96
kalon (beauty), 131
Karouzou, Semne, 215n17
Karusos, Christos, 207n3
Keesling, Catherine M., 207n2
Kephalion, monument of, 102, 103
Kephisodotos, 159
Kerameikos cemetery: destruction around time of Athenian defeat by Macedonians, 185
map of, 16, 76
mass grave discovered of plague victims, 16, 72, 72–75
Street of the Tombs, 5, 16, 183, 183, 185. See also specific stele and precincts listed on map page 16
Kidd, Stephen, 214n83
kinesthetic response, 15, 163
kioniskoi (column-shaped funerary monuments), 186, 186
Kleariste, stele of, 164, 165, 169, 173
Kleitophon, monument of, 122
Kleophon Painter, 38
knucklebones, 37–38, 38, 113, 206n59
male youth holding in left hand, stele of, 38, 40
Konstan, David, 60, 137
Korallion, stele of, 2–4, 2, 204n56
addition of figures to, 8, 8
destruction of, 185
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 90, 91, 184
placement in peribolos, 3
precinct of, 16, 183
sockets for libation vessels, 3, 5
korē(maiden), 44
Krinylla, stele of, 90, 94–95, 95
compared to Anthippe’s stele, 95
compared to Melite’s stele, 108
compared to Peisikrateia’s stele, 95
compared to Philokydis’s stele, 213n74
compared to Pythogenes’s stele, 97
compared to Diphilos’s stele, 117–18
Ktesilaos and Theano, stele of, 207n4
Kurtz, Donna, 218n13
laments: audible voice of, 6, 168–69, 220n91
danger presented by lamenting woman, 167
as natural origin of musical performance, 167, 219n47
of Sirens, 167–69, 179
theater as venue for performing and experiencing, 69, 219n50
Lee, Mireille M., 215nn14–15
lekythoi: as additions to marble stele, 39, 206n64
by Achilles Painter (attrib.), 101, 101–2, 205n24
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 102, 103
dog resting paws on broken lekythos in stele, 35–37, 36, 58
in Eupheros’s grave, 24, 27–28, 27, 30, 32, 39, 73–74, 101
marble with four figures, 111, 111
as gravesite gifts, 39, 173
of Kephalion, 102, 103
Lissos buried with, 32, 39
with male youth and female mourner, by Thanatos Painter (attrib.), 34, 35
with man crouching before tomb, by Thanatos Painter (attrib.), 34–35, 35
in mass grave of plague victims, 73–74, 74
with myth of Perseus, 147–48, 148, 150
recognition and, 27–28, 32, 51–52, 53, 73
with scene of encounter at gravesite, 101, 101, 149, 150
with two figures joining hands, 102, 102
marble with veiled seated woman at gravesite, 151, 152–53
by circle of Woman Painter (attrib.), 27, 27
with woman and youth at tomb, by Sabouroff Painter (attrib.), 53
with woman holding lekythos, by Sabouroff Painter, 28, 28
with woman in labor, 136, 137
by Inscription Painter (attrib.), 149, 150
libations offered to funerary monuments, 3
as remembrances (mnēmeion), 50
Lissos, stele of, 20, 21, 32–33
compared to his brother’s (Eupheros), 20–21, 32, 78
curse figurines added to grave of, 78–79, 78
displacement of, 79
inscribed name, 42, 45
knucklebones in tomb of, 37
lekythoi buried with, 32, 39
location of, 16, 19, 66, 76, 77
reconstruction drawing of, 33
in relationship with Eupheros’s, 78
ribbon adornment of, 32, 39, 167
Littias, Choirine, and Lysistrate, stele of, 111–13, 112, 153
longing (pothos): of Admetus, 106, 108
of bereaved, 143, 151
as defining emotion of bereavement, 6, 108
grief and, 83, 99, 122, 143
names on funerary monuments and, 47
pity and, 61–62, 71–72
touch and, 99, 122
Loraux, Nicole, 69, 74
loutrophoroi: animate potential of handles, 103, 213n57
black-figure with burial scene by Sappho Painter, 217n90
dexiōsis (handclasp) on, 103
on Euthykritos’s stele, 103, 104
stele fragment with figural scene and loutrophoros, 62–63, 64
on Melantes and Menakles’s stele, 170–71, 170
on Nikomachos’s stele, 213n59
on Paramythion and Pheidiades’s stele, 119, 120, 170, 171
placement on stele, 103, 212–13n56
unmarried status of the deceased signified by, 212n54
Lykaon Painter, 207n1
Lysias, 69, 71, 179
Lysippe, stele of, 85–87, 120–22, 121–22
identification as wife of Hieron, 87
Macedonians, 185
Magritte, René: La trahison des images, 212n29
maiden (korē), 44
Malicha of Kythera, stele of, 215n23
Malthake, stele of, 217n95
Marathon, Battle of (490 BCE), 69
Marcus, Sharon, 204n63
Margariti, Katia, 202n10
masculinity and muscular physique, 22, 24, 128, 130–31, 161, 215n28
mass graves: Battle of Marathon, collective cremation and burial of war dead at (490 BCE), 69
plague (c. 430 BCE), 16, 72, 72–75, 210n61
Megakles, epigram of, 59–60
Melantes and Menakles, stele of, 170–71, 170
Melite, stele of, 106–8, 107, 213n69
compared to Krinylla’s stele, 108
epigram, 106–8, 213nn69–70
Melitta, stele of, 215n23
Melos (island), 132
memory: agency of, 12–13
closed containers as metaphors for, 147
cross-cultural and cross-temporal tradition of, 2
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 115–20
emotion and, 6
gifts deposited at gravesite and, 119–20
hearing voice of the deceased in, 156
inscription as production of, 208n50
permanence of, 52
representations of the deceased in, 21, 105. See also remembrance (mnēma, mnēmeion)
Menippe. See Aristodike, Proxenides, and Menippe, stele of
metics (foreign residents), 127, 215n17
Meyer, Marion, 212n32
mimesis, 113–14, 179
mirrors: as burial object, 56
on stelai, 27, 28, 76, 143
as double for living person, 58
Pausimache and, 56, 57, 58, 78, 209n80
Mitchell, W. J. T., 171
mnēma (remembrance), 50, 118
as term for funerary monument, 12, 14, 204n69. See also remembrance (mnēma, mnēmeion)
mnēmeion (remembrance), 31, 50, 54–56. See also remembrance (mnēma, mnēmeion)
Mnesagora and Nikochares, stele of, 50–52, 51–52, 78
epigram, 7, 50
Mnesarete, stele of, 133–35, 134–35, 153
compared to Aristylla’s stele, 133, 135
epigram, 134
identification of second figure, 216n42
identification of the deceased, 133–35
Penelope statue as prototype for, 140
Phan[ . . . ] in analogy to, 151
Mnesikleides, stele of, 169–70, 169
morphology and iconography, 9–12, 21, 26, 181–82, 204nn48–50, 204nn60–61, 205n5
mourning: cropped hair as sign of, 127, 149, 151, 153
markers of, overlapping with those of slavery, 149
professional mourners, 167. See also laments
movement: emergence of self through, 208n36
Pathosformel and, 181
in relief sculpture, 68, 218n6
multifigure compositions, 9–10, 15, 81–83
museum inventory list. See separate listing following the subject index
music and musical instruments. See sounds (aural)
Mynnia, stele of, 108–11, 110, 213n77
mythological figures, 8, 15, 40. See also Sirens
sphinxes
specific deities and names of mythological characters
Mytilene, revolt against Athens, 132–33
Myttion, stele of, 215n15
naiskos (small temple), 2, 121, 155, 173, 204n56, 219n69
name inscribed on monument, 14–15, 40–50
in Archaic period, 41–45, 41–42, 47
on architrave instead of on base, 42
epigram incorporating, 15, 42–47, 52
genitive form of name, 41, 207n4, 207n7, 207n14
korē(maiden) used instead of proper name, 44
as metonymic fragment, 41, 42
Mnesarete’s stele and, 133
newborn named after ancestor, 132
sculptor’s name not given, 10, 204n57
splitting name from deceased person, 47, 207n23. See also nominative case, use of
natural light, 8
Naukles. See Krinylla, stele of
Naukrates. See Krinylla, stele of
Neoptolemus, 65–66
Nestor, 119
Nikochares. See Mnesagora and Nikochares, stele of
Nikoptoleme, epigram of, 54
nominative case, use of, 40–47, 66, 206–7nn1–2, 207n7
deity use vs. human use, 40–41, 207n1
compared to genitive, dative, or accusative, 41, 207n4, 207n7
sculptor’s name, 41, 44
shift to subject’s name in nominative, 41–42, 47
for statue’s donor, 40, 208n30
nudity: female in Classical sculpture, 159
of Sirens, 157, 161
of youth athletes, 131–32, 160, 161, 218n27
nurses, status of, 128, 215n23, 217n80
Oakley, John H., 206n61, 214n2
objects, 4
coppersmith’s bellows, 27, 54–55, 54
curse figurines, 78–79, 78
gifts to the deceased, 39, 119–20, 148, 149, 219n81
necklace on stele, 142, 143
recognition of owners through, 13, 26–33, 53, 76, 105–6, 143
as remembrances, 53–55, 59, 119–20, 148, 208n48, 208n51
worn or held by young men on stelai, 35, 71. See also Eupheros, burial of
Lissos, stele of
mirrors
strigils
toys
specific types of objects
Odysseus: Argus (dog) recognizing, 138–40, 206n51, 216n65
encounter with his mother, Anticlea, 101–2, 105, 121
Eurycleia recognizing by scar on his foot, 87, 138–40, 139, 211n12
name of, 45–47
pity for Ajax, 65–66, 68, 69–71
in presence of ghost of Elpenor, 207n1
recognition by and reunion with wife Penelope, 138–40, 139, 213n72
Sirens and, 162, 167
storing bow as remembrance, 52–53
oiktos. See pity
oil, funerary monuments rubbed with, 3
oil flask (aryballos), 34, 34, 35
oinochoe with two athletes and dog, by Chicago Painter (attrib.), 33–34, 34
Olsen, Sarah, 163
Onesimos. See Melite, stele of
optic. See sight
Orestes, recognition of, 28–31, 29, 37, 48, 50, 55–56, 65, 105–6, 138, 147, 206n32, 213n62
Painter of the Yale Lekythos, 217n91
painting of funerary monuments, 8, 203n43
of Eupheros’s stele, 20, 26, 32, 32, 35
of Melantes and Menakles’s stele, 170, 170
necklace painted vs. bracelet sculpted, 142, 143
of Paramythion and Pheidiades’s stele, 119, 120, 214n107
Panofsky, Erwin, 181, 204nn60–61
Paramythion and Pheidiades, stele of, 119–20, 120
color reconstruction of, 120, 170, 214n107
Parrhasius, 171
Parthenon: Dexileos’s monument and, 174
frieze of, 22, 23, 26, 54, 72, 184, 184
metopes of, 184, 184
Sacred Way view of, 19
sculptors in Athens after completion of, 20
pathos, 6, 202n24, 202n26. See also emotion
Pathosformel, 181–83, 220n1
Patroclus, 60, 101, 119, 219n66
Pausanias, 56, 57, 206n59
Pausimache, stele of, 56–58, 57, 61, 62, 75, 209n80
compared to Ampharete’s stele, 66
compared to Eukoline’s stele, 56, 78
compared to stele with woman and mirror, 78
compared to Malicha’s stele, 215n23
epigram of, 7, 56, 57, 61, 62, 75
Peisikrateia, stele of, 90, 93–98, 93
compared to Krinylla’s stele, 95
compared to Melite’s stele, 108
compared to Pythogenes’s stele, 97
compared to Smikythos’s sister’s stele, 99
compared to Diphilos’s stele, 117–18
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 90, 93–95
epigram, 93–95, 105, 212n29, 216n44
homonymy applied to, 95
Pelagon, epigram of, 53–54, 55
Peloponnesian Wars, 20, 69, 132
Penelope, 28, 29, 53, 138–40, 139, 212n22, 213n72, 216nn63–64
Phan[ . . . ] in analogy to, 151
statue as prototype for funerary monuments, 140
Penelope Painter, 29, 139
Peponi, Anastasia-Erasmia, 162
periboloi (burial plots): of Agathon, 5
destruction of, 185
of Dexileos, 5, 174–79, 175–76
of Korallion, 3, 5, 10
of Koroibos, 127
of Sosikrates, 5, 204n56. See also Hierokles, peribolos of family of
Pericles: funeral oration of, 69, 71, 74, 210n58
as
plague victim, 74
Persephone, 44, 62, 105, 168, 184
Perseus, 147–48, 148, 150
Persian Wars, 18, 185
pets, depictions of, 38, 113. See also birds, dogs Phaidimos, stele of, 213n59
Phainippe, 56, 57
Phan[ . . .], stele of, 62, 63, 64
enslaved attendant holding box, 151, 151
epigram, 62, 151
Pheidiades. See Paramythion and Pheidiades, stele of
Pheidylla, stele of, 123–28, 124–25, 153–54, 154
enslaved attendant on, 123–24, 126–28, 153–54
box held by enslaved attendant, 143, 148, 150, 153, 154
compared to Archestrate’s stele, 145
compared to Plangon’s stele, 145
movement depicted in, 123, 153, 217n96
Philagros and his daughter Hegilla, stele of, 155–57, 156
epigram, 155–56, 180
interpretations of, 218n1
Siren and, 157, 159–60
unknown third figure, 159
Philokydis, stele of, 108, 109, 213n73
compared to Krinylla’s stele, 213n74
epigram, 108
Philostratos, stele of, 131–33, 131
attendant’s anonymous and servile role, 132
deceased boy named for his grandfather, 132
dog and attendant as analogous, 140
epigram, 132, 169
pity reserved for the deceased over the enslaved, 133
Philte, stele of, 159–60, 160
Philto, stele of, 161–62, 161
Phrasikleia, monument of, 42–44, 42
Phylonoe, stele of, 114–15, 114–15
baby on, 143
epigram, 115
identification of figure holding baby, ambiguity of, 215n10
Penelope statue as prototype for, 140
Pindar, 162, 163, 218n38, 219n79
pity (oiktos or eleos), 59–75, 203n28
assuring recognition of grief, 62
for the bereaved, 59–60, 65, 132, 179
bodily experience of, 60
courtroom appeals for, 137
for the deceased, 64, 151, 185
defined by Aristotle, 60, 209n9
delusion and image-viewing eliciting, 65
democratic ideology associated with, 61, 68–72
distinct from empathy or co-suffering, 60, 216n57
distinct from grief of the bereaved, 60
judgment required for, 60
for family of the war dead, 179, 220n90
funerary monument and, 59–64
Greek terms oiktos and eleos interchangeable for, 59
Hecuba asking for, 133
in Iliad, 60
imagining someone else’s suffering as our own, 6, 61, 65–66, 68, 132, 137
legitimatizing pain of loss, 7, 60
Lysias’s funeral oration and, 179
orientation outside of self toward others, 65–66, 68–72
plague and, 72–75
political nature of public vs. private, 68–72
sculpture and, 11, 64–68
Sirens and, 167–69
slavery and, 132–35, 151, 216n34
as tragedy’s signature emotion, 65–66, 69–70, 209n26
visualization associated with, 60, 64–65
plague (c. 430–426 BCE), 15, 20, 72–75
bodily effects of, 75, 79, 210n66
mass grave for the dead, 16, 72–74, 72, 210n61
social trauma of, 74
survivors who recovered from, 75
Plangon, stele of (Piraeus), 144–45, 145, 217n80
architecture of pilasters and architrave, 148
compared to Anthippe’s stele, 145
compared to Pheidylla’s stele, 145
epigram, 144–45
Plangon, stele of (Syntagma Square, Athens), 113–14, 113
Plato, 24
on children, 113, 214n83
Laws, 207n11
Phaedrus, 213n71
Republic, 113
Sophist, 208n45
Symposium, 8
Theatetus, 206n55
Pliny the Elder, 171
Podro, Michael, 12
politics: Dexileos’s stele, role of, 174, 179
official decrees for Athenian allies as carved reliefs, 184, 185
Pericles’s funeral oration, 69, 71, 74, 210n58
pity, political nature of, 68–72
slavery as political metaphor, 217n100
Pologiorgi, Melpo, 212n34, 217n80
Polykleitos, 159
Polynices, 207n19
polysemy, 54
Polystrate, stele of, 77, 78
location of, 16, 76, 77
Polyxena, 65–66, 133, 210n32
Posamentir, Richard, 32–33, 206n39
pothos. See longing
Poulsen, Frederik, 212n23
Praxiteles’s Resting Satyr, 215n24
Priam, 60
proclamation (aggelia), 46–47
Providence Painter, 148
Proxenides. See Aristodike, Proxenides, and Menippe, stele of
proximity, 66, 89, 99, 145, 212n38, 216n45
punishment: accused criminal seeking pity for, 137
of enslaved persons, 124
Pylades, 29
Pythogenes, stele of, 97, 97, 212n34
compared to Anthippe’s stele, 97
compared to Krinylla’s stele, 97
Randolph, Adrian, 202n21, 217n87
rapture, 4, 212n44
recognition (anagnōrisis), 11–14, 15, 26–33, 105–8, 118, 121, 184–85, 204n71
ambiguity and, 12, 14, 33, 48, 204n64
curse figurines and, 79
of dog recognizing his master, 72, 138–40, 206n51, 216n65
epigrams and, 12
footprints and, 37, 206n55
iconographical interpretation and, 11–12, 21, 204n48
intersubjective, 13, 99
lekythoi and, 27–28, 32, 51–52, 53, 73
optical experience and, 47–48, 105–8
personal objects recalling their owners, 13, 26–33, 53, 105–6, 143
reunion and, 105–8, 118, 121
sign (sēma) and, 13, 15, 87, 212n22
slavery and, 135–40, 143
stories of, elements of, 13–14, 30, 121
touch in stories of, 102, 105–6
in tragic plays, 13–14, 28–32, 138, 147, 202n20. See also Orestes, recognition of
Reed Painter, 73, 73
relief sculpture, 8, 203nn39–41
collision of perspectives in, 15, 56, 83, 92, 107, 119, 151, 155, 211n9, 211n18
compared to theatrical performances, 71
depth of, 83, 85, 90–91, 97, 114, 123
figural types of, 76, 78
movement in, 68
in natural light, 8
pity and, 11, 64–68
touch and, 68. See also painting of funerary monuments
remembrance (mnēma, mnēmeion), 12–13, 50–58
Achilles giving Nestor a cup as, 119
cognitive and material, 54, 118–19, 208n50
epigrams and, 31, 50–54, 117
funerary monuments erected as, 53–58, 116, 119
grief serving as, 56, 58
“left behind” by the deceased, 10, 55–58, 64, 118, 145
objects as, 53–55, 59, 119–20, 148, 208n48, 208n51
Odysseus storing bow as, 52–53
serving in absence of living person, 50
“set up” by the bereaved, 54
Rhodilla. See Aristylla, stele of
Rhodopis, 56, 209n71
ribbons as adornment of funerary monuments, 3, 27–28, 30, 32–35, 37, 39, 52, 54, 73, 119, 120, 150–52, 167, 206n39, 217n96
Ridgway, Brunilde Sismondo, 219n70
Riegl, Alois, 211n18, 213n67
Rodin, Auguste, 216n47
Sabouroff Painter, 28, 28, 50, 53
Salamis, sea battle of (480 BCE), 179
Samian decree with relief of Athena and Hera, 184, 185
Sappho, 53
Sappho Painter, 217n90
Satyrs, chorus of, 178–79
Scott, Joan W., 203n31
scrolls depicted in hands of young men on stelai, 38, 90, 206n63
sculptor’s name: in nominative, 41, 44
not given, 10, 204n57
sculpture. See funerary monuments
reliefs
Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 204n63
sēma (sign), 204nn66–68, 205n75
Hieron’s stele and, 87, 120–21
nominative use in, 41, 44
Odysseus showing for recognition, 87, 138–40, 139, 211n12
remembrance and, 118
as term for funerary monument, 12
as term for objects of recognition, 13–14
“to observe the sign” (sēma), 87, 120–21, 122
Sicilian expedition, enslaved men from, 216n37
sight (optic): ancient theories of vision, 68, 210n37
comparing visual with tactile experience, 98–105
dexiōsis (handclasp), visual turned into tactile connection through, 87, 99
emergence of self through, 208n36
encounter with the deceased by, 2, 68, 101–2
epigrams focusing on loss of seeing the deceased, 7–8
figures with strigils eliciting sight and touch, 33
funerary monument making loss visible, 6
optic recognition aligning with haptic reunion, 105–8, 138–40
plague’s effect on, 75
proximity and, 99. See also gaze of figures
the invisible
viewers
sign. See sēma
Silenis, stele of, 164–67, 166
Simonides, 59–60, 217n90
Sirens, 8, 15, 83, 155–80, 218n8
in Archaic art, 157, 218n12
architecture and, 173–74, 183
Aristodike, Proxenides, and Menippe, stele of, 160, 164, 164, 167, 173
Aristodike, stele of, 160, 164
avian elements of, 157, 159, 161, 161, 163, 169, 171, 176
daughter of [ . . . ]jou of Sounion and [Phi]lte, stele of, 160, 160f, 173
Dexileos, peribolos and stele of, 174–79, 175, 177, 219n75
emotional nature of, 159
figure of, from Attic stele, 157–59, 158
form of, 157–62, 169
frontal stance of, 159
gravesite use of, 169–74
Homeric, 162, 171, 218n13
human torso and head of, 157, 159, 178, 218n18
Kallisto, stele of, 164, 165, 167, 169, 173
Kleariste, stele of, 164, 165, 169, 173
lament of, 167–69
loutrophoros relief on stele with, 164, 170–71, 171, 173
male youth and Siren, stele of (Holargos), 163, 163
mirroring figures in stele below, 159–60
with musical instruments, 163, 164, 174, 178–79
nudity of, 157
in the Odyssey, 162, 167
omniscience of, 162
Philagros and Hegilla, stele of, 155, 157, 159–60
Philto, stele of, 161–62, 161
in Pindar, 162, 163
pity and, 167–69
Silenis, stele of, 164–67, 166
song of, 162–67
Sostratos, stele of, 160–61, 161, 218n30
[ . . . ]strate, daughter of Theodoros, stele of, 172, 173
two women and two sirens, stele of (Athens), 159, 160, 161
as visibly vocal figures, 157, 162–67, 174, 180, 218n7
Skopas, 159
skyphoi with Electra and companion at tomb of Agamemnon, by Penelope Painter (attrib.), 28–30, 29
with Odysseus recognized by his nurse, by Penelope Painter, 138–40, 139
with Telemachus and Penelope at her loom, by Penelope Painter, 138–40, 139
slavery. See enslaved persons
Smikythos, stele of sister of, 99–101, 100
ambiguity of figures on, 101
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 91, 99
epigram, 99, 135
snoods, 124–25, 127, 127, 130, 140, 141, 144, 149, 151, 151, 160, 215n13
Sojc, Natascha, 202n10, 217n75
Sophocles, 13, 69, 205n76
Ajax, 65, 69–71
Electra, 30–31, 50, 55, 65, 147, 206n30, 206n36
Ichneutae, 178–79
tomb of, 219n85
Sosikrates, stele of, 5, 16, 204n56
Sosinos of Gortyn, stele of, 54–55, 54
bellows of coppersmith, 27, 54–55
compared to Ampharete’s stele, 78
epigram, 54
Sostratos, stele of, 129, 130, 160–61, 161, 218n30
Siren posed above, 160–61
strigil and, 160–61
soul (psyche): in Aristotle’s homonymy, 58
in funerary epigram, 208n35
Plato on, 207n11
separation from body, 47, 58, 105, 116
sounds (aural): of antiquity, 155
audible grief, 6, 168–69, 220n91
choral performance, 162, 168, 169
Dexileos’s stele and Sirens designed to emit, 178–79
human voice in Greek literature and, 218n5, 219n50
kinetic response to song, 163
musical instruments, 157, 160, 163, 164, 174, 178, 219n81
reading and singing epigrams aloud, 7, 54, 203n34
sculpture’s ability to suggest and withhold voice, 157, 180
of sea battle of Salamis described by Lysias, 179
shift from hearing to speaking in epigram, 155–56
Sirens as visibly vocal figures, 157, 162–67, 174, 180, 218n7
Sourvinou-Inwood, Christiane, 41, 207n7
sphinxes, 18, 42, 151, 164, 173
Stears, Karen, 205n23
Stewart, Andrew, 215n26, 219n69
strigils, 22–26, 33–39, 205n12
common object on stelai, 23, 25, 128, 130, 130, 160–61, 161, 205nn14–15
Eupheros and, 22, 24–26, 26, 33–39, 48, 49, 55, 56, 130
as grave gifts, 25, 35, 36, 205n15, 206n48
life-size depiction of, 37, 206n52
Sostratos and, 160–61, 161
use of, 22, 33
Stroszeck, Jutta, 201n7
Svenbro, Jesper, 132, 204n75
symmetry, 4, 85, 90, 103, 105, 120, 128, 159, 164, 171
synonymy, 208n42
Telemachus, 52, 138, 139
terracotta figurines, 38
testimony in court, 137–38, 216n54
Thanatos Painter, 34–35, 35
Theogeiton, epigram of, 45–47, 58
Theomnestos, stele of, 127–31, 128–29
carved appearance of attendant compared to deceased young man, 128–29, 131
enslaved figure used to frame the deceased, 132
palaistra setting of, 130–31
strigil denoting youth as athlete, 130, 161
Theophile, stele of, 118–19, 119
epigram, 119
Thrason, base of stele of, 61
Thucydides, 69, 72–75, 132, 210n64, 216n35
Timanthes, 136
Tomb of the Poet, 219n83
tortoiseshell lyres, 178, 219n83
torture of enslaved persons. See basanos
touch: Ampharete’s hand holding child and, 68
Amyntas’s handclasp indicating family’s physical support, 71
Aristotle on, 102, 212n36
boxes’ haptic qualities, 143
children and, 50, 52
comparing tactile with visual experience, 98–105
Electra’s holding supposed funeral vessel of Orestes and, 31, 32, 48, 55–56, 65
emergence of self through, 208n36
encounter with the deceased by, 2, 68
epigrams focusing on loss of, 7–8
fabric loosely hanging from the deceased and, 153
Farewell Stele and, 80, 81–82, 82
figures with strigils eliciting sight and touch, 33
in Greek literature, 101–2, 105–6, 138
optic recognition aligning with haptic reunion, 55, 87, 101–2, 105–8, 138–40, 211n18, 212n50
plague’s effect on, 74, 75
proximity and, 99
remembrance extending to, 54
ribbons and, 39
strigil on stele eliciting, 26
tending to corpse at gravesite, 6
unreciprocated, 95, 97, 105–6, 108
in relation to identity of the deceased, 95–98. See also dexiōsis (handclasp)
hand
toys, 24, 38, 113, 113–14, 143, 214n86, 214n88
tragedy: body as container in, 217n88
lament and mourning voice in, 69, 167, 204n72, 219n50
noble women as captives of war forced into slavery in, 133
pity as signature emotion of, 65–66, 69–70, 209n26
recognition stories in, 13–14, 28–32, 147, 202n20
theater as venue for performing and experiencing lamentation, 69
theories of affect and, 202n17
touch between family members in, 213n60
trompe l’oeil, 171
“typos,” use of term, 33, 203n40
untimely (aōroi) deaths: 79. See also children
vase/vessel paintings. See alabastron
lekythoi
loutrophoros
veiled figures, 1, 136, 138, 140, 151, 216n50
Vernant, Jean-Pierre, 45, 162
victor and portrait statues, 40, 46
Vierneisel-Schlörb, Barbara, 216n42
viewers: Ampharete’s interaction with child as focal point for, 66–67
collision of multiple perspectives and, 15, 56, 92, 107, 119, 159, 211n18, 214n109
deceased’s continued mobility through, 185
dexiōsis (handclasp) and, 87, 90, 102, 122
epigrams oriented toward, 7
Farewell Stele, reaction to, 82
figures more readily apparent than inscriptions to, 50
gaze, orientation of, 7, 22, 26, 38, 82
handheld objects carved into marble funerary monuments and, 39
identifying with enslaved persons, 153
mechanisms for breaking boundaries between real and pictorial space, 38, 49, 66–67, 102, 140, 152
offerings at gravesites, 152
pity at beholding funerary monument, 61, 71
remembrance’s transference to, 56, 58
vision. See sight (optic)
votive stelai, 217n98
Walter-Karydi, Elena, 202n10, 214–15n7, 218n1
Warburg, Aby, 202n21
Mnemosyne Atlas, 181–82, 182, 220n1
Pathosformel concept, rethinking of, 181–83
war captives as enslaved persons, 128, 132–33, 215n19
war dead: families of, supplementing public burials, 71, 174
Lysias’s funeral oration for, 179, 220n90
state treatment of, 69, 174
Weiss, Naomi, 167, 219n57
Wohl, Victoria, 126, 216n57
Wollheim, Richard, 211n9
woman with a mirror, stele of, 78, 78
compared to Pausimache’s stele, 78
location of, 16, 76, 77
Woman Painter, 27, 27
women: as captives of war, 133
with cropped hair, 127, 149, 151, 160
funerary monuments of, outnumbering men’s, 71
secondary social and political status of, 133. See also snoods
Wrenhaven, Kelly L., 214n2, 215n17
Xenokleia, 61–62, 64, 74
epigram, 61–62, 64, 216n41
Zeuxis, 171