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Index
Anthony Alofsin
Description: Wright and New York: The Making of America’s Architect
Wright and New York: The Making of America’s Architect
Index
Author
Anthony Alofsin
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© 2019 by Anthony Alofsin
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-32259
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Index
Page numbers in italic type indicate illustrations. Buildings and projects by Wright are indexed as main entries by name.
Adams, Franklin P., 80
Aeolian Hall, New York, 71
Air House (Wright), 256–57
Alfred E. Smith Houses, New York, 245–46
Algonquin Round Table, 85, 178
Allen house (Wright), 38
America First Committee, 233
American Architect (magazine), 157
American architecture: Art Deco as contribution of, 2–3, 74;
European architecture compared to, 3, 54–55, 72–74, 147, 168, 185, 203, 212–13, 219, 243, 245–46, 254, 263, 264;
historical references in, 72–73;
New York’s vs. Chicago’s role in, 12;
post– World War II, 245–46;
primitivism in, 32–33, 72;
skyscraper’s place in, 71, 162;
Wright’s role and status in, 1, 5, 8–9, 22, 32, 54–55, 147, 157, 164, 167, 169, 183, 204, 210, 211, 230–31, 246, 254, 256, 263
American Institute of Architects (AIA), 52, 167, 174
American Radiator Building, New York, 73–74
American System-Built Homes, 38
American Union of Decorative Artists and Craftsmen (AUDAC), 113, 141, 200, 307n10
Anderson Galleries, New York, 81
Annual of American Design (AUDAC), 200
anti-Semitism, 233
Archipenko, Alexander, 149
Architectural Forum (journal), 167, 228–29, 314n40
Architectural League of New York, 168–72, 175, 304n15, 305n21
Architectural Record (journal), 10, 16, 19, 45, 69, 74, 117, 143, 158, 160, 167, 185, 188, 193–95, 196, 197–98, 228, 309n26, 309n27
Architectural Review (journal), 19
Architecture (journal), 170, 309n27
The Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright, 1893–1930 (exhibition), 169, 170, 171–74, 173, 176, 177, 177
L’Architecture Vivante (journal), 187–88, 199
Ardea apartment building, New York, 80
Arizona, 110–23
Arizona Biltmore, Phoenix, 111–12, 117, 131
Armitage, Merle, 297n33
Armory Show, 33, 68–69
Art Bulletin (journal), 232
Art Deco, 2–3, 74–75, 157, 167, 214, 218, 245, 290n11
Art Institute of Chicago, 167, 174, 204
Arts and Crafts movement, 8
Arts and Decoration (magazine), 33, 203
Arts Club of Chicago, 40
Ashbee, Charles Robert, 22
Associated Press, 50, 61, 144, 302n11
Astor House, New York, 17
Atherton, Gertrude, Black Oxen, 85
AUDAC. See American Union of Decorative Artists and Craftsmen
Ausgeführte Bauten und Entwürfe (Built Work and Designs), 21–22, 115. See also Wasmuth publications of Wright’s work
Automobile Objective project (Wright), 57–60, 59, 108, 163, 240
automobiles, 30, 51, 56–58, 69–70, 223, 256
Aztec style, 33, 72, 252
Badovici, Jean, 187–88;
Frank Lloyd Wright: Architecte américain, 199–200
Baghdad project (Wright), 318n26
Bahá’í, 99, 126
Bancroft, Levi, 61
Banham, Reyner, 4, 123
Bank of Wisconsin, 61, 66, 91, 110, 113
Barclay-Vesey Telephone Building, New York, 73, 120, 161
Barney, Hyram, 78
Barney, Maginel (née Wright), 24, 30, 35–36, 52–53, 65, 75, 77–80, 77, 88, 135, 141, 199, 211, 238, 263, 320n41
Barney residence, New York, 78–79, 79
Barnsdall, Aline, 38, 43, 67, 93–94, 284n22, 293n55
Barr, Alfred, Jr., 213–14, 239
Barros, Carolyn, 207
Bauer, Rudolf, 242
Bauhaus, 193, 200, 214, 242–43
Bazel, K. P. C. de, 293n50
Belmont Race Track sports pavilion (Wright), 257, 258, 319n33
Benchley, Robert, 84
Berlage, Hendrik Petrus, 34
Berlin, Germany, 21
Berlin, Irving, 178
Bernhard, Lucian, 297n23, 299n27
Besinger, Curtis, 249
Beth Sholom Synagogue, Elkins Park, Pennsylvania (Wright), 258, 259
Bitterroot Valley, Montana, project (Wright), 318n26
Bliven, Bruce, 146, 170, 199, 300n49
Bloom, Jerry, 45–46
Blue Sky (Martin family mausoleum), Buffalo (Wright), 288n28
Boring, William A., 301n53
Borthwick, Mamah: affair and life with Wright, 4, 11–13, 21–22, 25–27, 31–34, 92, 203;
death of, 35, 179;
marriage of, 11, 25;
photograph of, 11
at Taliesin, 24;
as translator, 21, 31, 34;
Wright’s account of, 209–10
Bosch Reitz, Sigisbert Chrétien, 40, 42
Boyd, John Taylor, Jr., 71, 203
Boynton, Edward E., 295n3
Braque, Georges, 32
Brazil, 182, 306n45
Breuer, Marcel, 242
The Brick Builder (journal), 19
Broadacre City (Wright), 55, 88, 166, 219, 221–26, 230, 234, 253, 264, 313n18
Brock, H. I., “A Pioneer in Architecture That Is Called Modern,” 175
Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, 172
Brooklyn Standard Union (newspaper), 148
Brown, Charles Brockden, 18
Bryant, William Cullen, 18
Buchman & Kahn, 74–75;
Insurance Center Building, 75
Burgess, Gelett, 78
Bye, George T., 194, 206
Byrne, Francis Barry, 174
Cahiers d’Art (journal), 188–90, 192
Calder, Alexander, 149
Calder, A. Stirling, 149
Campanile apartments, New York, 178
cantilevered construction, 57, 58, 125, 141, 146, 150, 226, 261
Capitol Theater, New York, 69, 70
Carlton, Julian, 35
Carnegie Music Hall, New York, 18
Carrère & Hastings, 69
Cass house (Wright), 257
Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York, 101
Cellini, Benvenuto, 209
Century Theatre (formerly New Theatre), New York, 18
Chamberlain, Neville, 234
Chandler, Alexander J., 112–13, 115, 117, 131, 138, 176–77, 222, 228, 295n5
Charles Scribner & Sons, 170, 309n27
Cheney, Eduard, 11
Cheney, Mamah Borthwick. See Borthwick, Mamah
Cheney, Maude, 203;
Art and the Machine, 309n35
Cheney, Sheldon, 142, 203, 206;
Art and the Machine, 309n35;
The New World Architecture, 203
Chicago City Club, 219
Chicago Daily Tribune (newspaper), 36, 42, 61
Chicago Sunday Tribune (newspaper), 35
Chicago Tribune (newspaper), 21, 146
Chicago Tribune Tower, 73
Christian Century (magazine), 233
Christian Science, 10
Chrysler, Walter P., 149, 169
Chrysler Building, New York, 75, 106, 156, 169
Churchill, Henry, 172
Churchman (magazine), 235
cities: desert in contrast to, 111, 123;
European urbanisme and, 55, 72, 147, 219, 221, 223;
Le Corbusier and, 72, 148;
machine metaphor applied to, 53–55, 166;
rural areas vs., 80, 166;
Wright’s comments on, 54–55, 123, 148, 166, 204–5, 219, 220–24, 253. See also Broadacre City (Wright)
civic architecture, 16–17, 20, 253, 318n26
Cochius, Petrus Marinus, 92–93
Cohen, Mortimer J., 258
color, 9, 10, 227, 232, 241, 256
Commercial National Bank and Trust Company, 149
Contempora, 119–20, 297n23
Contempora Exhibition of Art and Industry (1929), 137, 299n27
Conversations with Elder Wise Men (television show), 248
Coonley, Queene and Avery, 30, 89
Cooper, James Fenimore, 18
Corbett, Harvey Wiley, 120, 134, 161, 170, 301n53, 311n3
cornices, 199
Corning Glass building, New York, 264
Cortissoz, Royal, 167
Coward, Noel, 178
Coward-McCann, 206
Cranmer, George, 216
Creative Arts (magazine), 193
Christopher Columbus Lighthouse competition, 182, 274
cummings, e. e., 88
Cunard line, 14, 31
Curie, Marie, 80
curtain-wall construction, 156, 263
Daigle, Clara, 296n16
Daily Princetonian (newspaper), 166
dance, Guthrie’s presentation of, 99–101, 102, 234
Darmstadt Artists’
Colony, 203
Darwin D. and Isabelle Martin house (Wright), 9
decentralization, 55, 205, 223
De Fries, Heinrich, 186–87, 200;
Frank Lloyd Wright: Aus dem Lebenswerke eines Architecten (From the Lifework of an Architect), 186–87
De Kooning, Willem, 261
Demuth, Charles, My Egypt, 310n35
Depression, 143, 148–49, 162, 164, 206, 225, 227–28, 245
desert (Arizona), 4, 110–11, 121–23
Deskey, Donald, Radio City Music Hall, 75
Deutscher Werkbund, 200
Devine, Owen and Maud, 62
Dewey, John, 221
de Wolfe, Elsie, 70
Dior, Christian, 243
Donovan, William Joseph “Wild Bill,” 82, 291n25
Dos Passos, John, 88
Downs, Hugh, 248
Draper, Ruth, 178
Dreier, Katherine, 211
Duchamp, Marcel, Nude Descending a Staircase, 68
Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 233
Dymaxion house (Fuller), 211–12
East Village, 5, 101, 235
École des Beaux-Arts, 20
Egbert, Donald Drew, 312n9
Egyptian style, 71–72
Einstein, Albert, 69, 182
Ellington, Duke, 70
Ellis Island, New York, project, 257
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 18, 172
Emery Roth and Sons, 132
Empire State Building, New York, 75, 169
Enright, Elizabeth, 77–78
Enright, Walter “Pat,” 77–78
Equitable Building, New York, 71
Europe: American architecture and urbanism compared to those of, 3, 54–55, 72–74, 147, 168, 185, 203, 212–13, 219, 243, 245–46, 254, 263, 264;
modernism in, 72;
Wright’s reception in, 34, 174, 178, 185–89, 233;
Wright’s sojourn in, 11, 21–22, 26–27
Evjue, William T., 44
exoticism, 5, 33, 71–72
Exposition internationale des Arts décoratifs et industriels modernes (Paris, 1925), 74
Expressionism, 185
Faisal II, King of Iraq, 246
Fallingwater (Wright), 226–27, 229, 262
Fangel, Maud Tousey, 78
Faulkner, Elizabeth Coonley, 89
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 234
Ferriss, Hugh, 71, 75, 120, 137–38, 193
Fiesole, Italy, 21, 24, 26
Fifty-Sixth Street Galleries, New York, 149
Fitzgerald, F. Scott, 69
Flatiron Building, New York, 71
Ford, Henry, 157, 182, 233, 256
Ford, James, 160
Ford, John, 302n11
Ford, Katherine Morrow, 302n11
Die Form (journal), 200, 201, 202
Forty-Second Street Property Owners and Merchants’ Association, 169
Fourier, Charles, 83
Fox, William, 141
Frampton, Kenneth, 6, 184
France, Wright’s reception in, 187–90
Francis Little house (Wright), 30
Frankl, Paul T., 86–87, 94, 113, 120, 137, 141, 167, 171, 188, 212;
New Dimensions: The Decorative Arts Today in Words and Pictures, 113–14
Frank Lloyd Wright, Inc., 66, 113
Frank Lloyd Wright: American Architect (exhibition), 231–32, 250
Frank Lloyd Wright: Ausgeführte Bauten (aka Sonderheft), 22, 86, 115. See also Wasmuth publications of Wright’s work
Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, 66–67, 256, 262–63, 289n44, 319n31
Frederick Douglass Houses, New York, 245
French, Daniel Chester, 149
Fritz, Herbert, 35
F. Schumacher & Sons, 256
Fuller, Buckminster, 303n4, 311n2;
Dymaxion house, 211–12
Fulton, Robert, 19
Functionalism, 3, 71, 72, 154, 157–58, 169, 188, 190, 192, 204, 212, 215, 218, 312n12. See also International Style
furniture and furnishings, Wright-designed, 158, 254, 256, 262
Futurism, 16
Gale, Zona, 47
Garbo, Greta, 178
Geddes, Norman Bel, 167–68
George Washington Bridge, New York, 70
Germany, Wright’s reception in, 186, 188, 192
Gershwin, George, Rhapsody in Blue, 71
Gibbs, Wolcott, 236, 316n57
Giedion, Sigfried, 283n15
Gilbert, Cass, 41, 72, 290n7, 301n53;
New York Life Building, 290n7;
Woolworth Building, 71
Gill, Brendan, 207, 291n31, 310n47
Glackens, William, 78
Gookin, Frederick, 41
Gordon, Elizabeth, 254
Gottlieb, Adolph, 261
G. P. Putnam and Sons, 31
Grand Central Station, New York, 16
Grant, Jane, 178
graphic design for Book One of Frank Lloyd Wright: An Autobiography, 208
Greater New York Racing Association, 257
Griffith, D. W., 231
Gropius, Walter, 193, 214, 242–43
Guggenheim, Harry, 242, 249, 257, 261, 319n33
Guggenheim, Solomon, 239–40, 242, 242
Guggenheim Museum (Wright). See Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum (Wright)
Gurdjieff, Georgi Ivanovich, 45–48, 87–88, 221, 249
Gutheim, Frederick, 233
Guthrie, Phoebe, 234
Guthrie, William Norman: ancestor of, 4, 114, 266;
architecture symposium proposed by, 147, 301n53;
as client, 4, 22–23, 89, 97, 101–10, 124–47, 156–57, 160–62, 236, 301n53;
dances designed and presented by, 99–101, 102, 234–35;
death of, 235;
life of, 4–5;
and Modern Cathedral, 4, 97, 102–5, 108–9, 161, 294n13;
philosophy and religious ideas of, 5, 33, 99–105, 131–32, 235, 283n11;
photograph of, 23;
professional problems of, 101, 104, 131–32, 219–20;
and St. Mark’s Church, 4–5, 40, 89, 97, 99, 104, 131–32, 143, 145, 220, 234;
and St. Mark’s tower project, 124–35, 138–47, 154–57, 160–62;
Wright’s friendship with, 5, 22–24, 40, 50, 53, 89, 92, 94, 112, 126–27, 132, 139, 161–62, 174, 181, 197, 234–36
Hamburg-American line, 14
Hanson, William, Jr., 67
Hardenbergh, Henry Janeway, 12, 245
Harlem Renaissance, 70
Harper’s (magazine), 18
Harriman, Margaret Case, 85
Harrison, Abramowitz & Abbe: Corning Glass building, 264;
Time & Life Building, 264
Harrison, Wallace K., United Nations Headquarters, 246, 247, 263
Hart, Moss, The Man Who Came to Dinner, 237
Haskell, Douglas, 192–93, 194, 198, 212–13, 307n10, 309n33, 314n40;
“Building or Sculpture,” 193
Haskell, Helen, 194
H. C. Price Company, 259
Hearst, William Randolph, 195
Hearst Corporation, 254
Hearst newspapers, 50, 82, 195, 254
Helena Daily Independent (newspaper), 62, 63
Hellman, Geoffrey T., 219–20
Helmle & Corbett, Number One Fifth Avenue, 133
Hemingway, Ernest, 69
Henry Hudson Memorial Park, New York, 240
Henry J. Allen house (Wright), 38
Heritage-Henredon Company, 254, 256
Hession, Jane King, The Plaza Years, 1954–1959, 246
Hill, Frank E., 206–7
Hill, John deKoven, 254, 319n28
Hillside Home School, Wisconsin, 31, 39, 66, 88, 94, 114, 164, 221–22
Hinzenberg, Svetlana, 45, 61–62, 89, 296n16
Hinzenberg, Valdemar, 45, 61–62, 65
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell, 3, 190–93, 191, 213–14, 231–33, 243, 303n4, 312n9;
International Style: Architecture Since 1922, 218, 313n15;
In the Nature of Materials, 232, 252, 318n23;
Modern Architecture: Romanticism and Reintegration, 214, 312n9
Hitler, Adolf, 229, 233, 234
Hoffman Automobile Showroom (Wright), 256
Hoffmann, Josef, 27, 310n37
Hoffmann, Julius, 203–4
Holland, Wright’s reception in, 185–86
Holland Tunnel, New York, 70
Holley, Horace, 99, 126–27, 128 129, 134, 138, 139, 142, 145, 156–57, 160, 176, 198
Hollis neighborhood, Queens, New York, 51–53, 52, 56
Hollyhock House (Wright), 38, 43, 175, 178, 293n55
Hood, Raymond, 120, 142, 161, 168–71, 215, 304n15, 311n2, 311n3;
American Radiator Building, 73–74;
McGraw-Hill Building, 169;
Rockefeller Center, 169
Hooper, Parker, 167
Horizon Press, 252, 318n23
Hotel Astor, New York, 40
House Beautiful (magazine), 254, 255, 266
House on the Mesa (Wright), 216, 217, 218
Howe, George, 167, 215
Howe, Jack, 234, 249
Howells, John Mead, American Radiator Building, 73–74
Hudson-Fulton Celebration, 19–20, 20
Hudson Terminal Building, New York, 16
Hughes, Langston, 70
Hugo, Victor, 121
Hurston, Zora Neale, 70
Imperial Hotel, Tokyo (Wright), 33–34, 39–44, 125, 133, 152, 179, 182, 191, 194, 262
individualism, 8, 10, 212, 243, 311n3
Industrial Arts Exposition (New York, 1935), 225–26
Inland Architect and New Record (journal), 19
Insurance Center Building, New York, 75
International Style, 3, 72, 167, 214–16, 218, 226–27, 230, 241, 246, 259, 262, 264, 265, 313n15. See also Functionalism
Irving Trust Building, New York, 161
Isabel Roberts house (Wright), 216
Ivy League, 173
Jackson, Harold, 62
Jacobs, Herbert, 227–28
Jacobs, Robert Allan, Frederick Douglass Houses, 245
Jacobs house (Wright), 227–28, 230
Jahnke, Cy, 114–15, 296n12
Japanese woodblock prints, 21, 32, 40–42, 66, 79, 81, 115
Jazz Age, 2–3, 74, 143
Jazz Modern style, 74
Jekyll, Gertrude, 206
Johnson, Albert M., 57, 163, 292n32
Johnson, Herbert (“Hib”) F., Jr., 227
Johnson, Philip, 190, 213–15, 232, 239, 243, 312n10, 313n15;
International Style: Architecture Since 1922, 218
Johnson Wax Administration Building (Wright), 227, 230, 262
Jones, Margaret, 77
Joyce, James, 69
Jugendstil, 21
Kahn, Ely Jacques, 75, 120, 134, 168, 171–72, 176;
120 Wall Street, 75, 76;
Frederick Douglass Houses, 245;
Park Avenue Building, 75;
Squibb Building, 75
Kahn Lectures, Princeton University, 164–67
Kahn, Otto, 134, 298n20
Karfik, Vladimir, 116
Karsavina, Tamara, 45
Kastner, George, 114–16, 296n12
Kaufman, George S., The Man Who Came to Dinner, 236
Kaufmann, Edgar, 222, 226
Kaufmann, Edgar, Jr., 222, 226
Kaufmann, Liliane, 226
Kent, Rockwell, 297n23, 299n27
Kerbis, Gertrude, 228
Key, Ellen, 4, 31, 34;
Woman Movement, 31–32
Khan, Ali Kuli, 128
Klee, Paul, 214
Klimt, Gustav, 27, 32
Kline, Franz, 261
Klinger, Julius, 299n27
Klumb, Heinrich (Henry), 116, 176, 200, 296n12, 313n25
Knickerbocker School, 18
Kocher, A. Lawrence, 168, 198, 309n26
Ladies’ Home Journal (magazine), 19
Lafayette Hotel, New York, 80–81
La Follette, Philip, 52, 66, 91, 94, 113, 114, 115
La Guardia, Fiorello, 148
La Jolla, California, 113
Lamb, Thomas, 69
Lamb, William F., Empire State Building, 75
Larkin Company Administration Building (Wright), 10–11, 262
Lazovich, Vladimir, 51
League of Nations building, Geneva, 189
Le Corbusier (Pierre Jeanneret), 72, 147, 166, 184, 189, 193, 219, 246, 252, 253, 264, 312n10, 313n18;
Pavillon de l’Esprit Nouveau, 74;
Towards a New Architecture, 73;
Vers une Architecture, 191, 198–99
Leerdam Glass, 92–93, 293n50
Lescaze, William, 167, 171, 215;
Lescaze residence and studio, 214, 312n10
Lever House, New York, 246, 248, 263
Levine, Neil, 311n2, 313n18, 318n26
Lewisohn Building. See Philip Lewisohn Building
Liberty (magazine), 194
Life (magazine), 228
Lindbergh, Charles, 81, 233
Little, Francis, 30, 61
Lloyd-Jones, Jennie, 26, 39
Lloyd-Jones, Nell, 26, 27, 39, 77
London Terrace, New York, 149–50
Longmans, Green & Co., 203, 206
Loos, Adolf, 9
Lorch, Emil, 172, 305n26
Los Angeles, Wright’s office in, 43, 56, 285n35
Lost Generation, 69
love marriage, 32, 34
Lovett, Robert Morss, 199
Lower East Side, New York, 15, 97, 124, 132, 133
Lurçat, André, 188–89
Lurçat, Jean, 307n10
RMS Lusitania, 30–31
MacArthur, Alfred, 288n22, 292n32, 295n3
MacArthur, Charles, 85, 292n32, 295n3
MacArthur, John D., 292n32
MacDonald, J. Ramsay, 141
Machine Age, 55, 72, 74, 157, 166, 191–92, 203, 214, 216
machine metaphor: for cities, 53–55, 166;
Le Corbusier and, 72–73, 166;
moderne style and, 74;
modernity/modernism and, 53–55, 72–74, 157, 166, 175, 191–92, 205, 297n23, 309n35;
Wright and, 53–55, 157, 166, 175, 195
Mahony, Marion, 29
Manhattan Bridge, New York, 16–17
Mann Act, 39, 65, 82, 89
Manning, Reverend William Thomas, 101, 104, 131, 132
Manship, Paul, 149
Manson, Grant Carpenter, 318n23;
Frank Lloyd Wright to 1910: The First Golden Age, 252, 318n23
Margold, Emanuel Josef, 203–4, 310n37
marriage. See love marriage;
Wright, Frank Lloyd: marriages of
Martin, Darwin D., 9–10, 11, 30, 42, 60, 66, 91, 93, 112, 135, 164, 188, 220, 288n28
Martin, Isabelle, 9, 60, 91, 135, 288n28
Martin house (Wright), 9
Martin-Senour Paints, 256
Marx, Harpo, 178
mass production, 157, 187, 191
Matthews, Warren Shepard, 127, 142, 144–45, 147, 156, 162, 301n6
SS Mauretania, 31
Mayan style, 38, 72, 252
McArthur, Albert Chase, 111–12, 117, 295n3
McArthur, Charles, 111, 295n3
McArthur, Warren, Jr., 111, 295n3
McArthur, Warren, Sr., 295n3
McCarthyism, 245
McGraw-Hill Building, New York, 169
McKenzie, Voorhees & Gmelin: Barclay-Vesey Telephone Building, 73, 120, 161;
Irving Trust Building, 161
McKim, Charles, 28
McKim, Mead & White, Pennsylvania Station, 28, 51
Meeks, Everett V., 173
Melnikov, Konstantin, Soviet pavilion, 74
Mendelsohn, Erich, 119–20, 137, 164, 174, 182, 186, 238, 299n27
Mendelsohn, Louise, 174
Mendelssohn Hall, New York, 18
Metropolitan Life Building, New York, 120
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company
Building, New York, 16
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 18, 40, 41, 42
Metropolitan Opera, 18
Midway Gardens (Wright), 33, 35, 152, 191
Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 156, 214, 232;
Seagram Building, 263;
Tugendhat house, 227
Mikkelsen, M. A., 193, 195, 197
Miljanov, Marko, 45
Millard house (Wright), 216
Miller, Arthur, 246
Mills, Charles J., 206
Mills, Edward S., 206
Milwaukee Journal (newspaper), 94, 95
Miner, Justin L., 142, 145, 156, 161, 302n14
Minneapolis Institute of Art, 174–75
Modern Architects (catalogue), 218
Modern Architecture: International Exhibition (exhibition), 213–19, 232, 312n11
Modern Cathedral project (Wright), 4, 97, 102–9, 106, 107, 161, 224, 226, 257–58, 262, 294n13
Moderne Bauformen (journal), 203
moderne style, 74, 157, 168, 172, 212, 227, 245
Modernistic style, 74
modernity/modernism: America and, 68–69, 87, 149, 168, 174, 204;
expressionist aspect of, 72;
International Style identified with, 218;
machine metaphor in, 53–55, 72–74, 157, 166, 175, 191–92, 205, 297n23, 309n35;
rationalist aspect of, 72;
standardization as feature of, 175;
Wright and, 53–54, 137, 167, 178, 186, 189, 191, 204, 211, 213, 218, 227, 312n9
Moholy-Nagy, László, 214, 242
Monroe, Marilyn, 246
Moore, Benjamin, 151
Morancé, Albert, 187, 200
Morgan, Wallace, 78
Morton, Patricia, 72
Moses, Robert, 240, 261, 264
Motherwell, Robert, 261
Movements (dance), 45
Mumford, Geddes, 234
Mumford, Lewis, 73, 75, 86, 87, 119, 164–65, 170, 172, 175–76, 181, 187, 193, 212–13, 215, 226, 234, 250, 252, 262
Muschamp, Herbert, 108, 294n13
Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York, 213–19, 227, 231–32, 239, 242, 250, 263, 315n45
Myers, Howard, 228, 245, 314n40
Nash, William M., 64–65
Nathan, George Jean, 84
National Alliance of Art and Industry, 225
National Life Insurance Company project (Wright), 57, 125, 163, 200, 203, 288n22, 292n32
Neutra, Dione, 67
Neutra, Richard, 67, 215, 312n12
Newbery Medal, 78
New Objectivity, 204
New Republic (journal), 199, 204
New School for Social Research, 80
newspapers. See press
New Theatre (later Century Theatre), New York, 18
New York City: architectural publishing in, 19;
architecture of, 2–3, 16–17, 20, 52, 69–75, 79–80, 120, 149–50, 169, 245–46, 263;
characteristics of, in 1910s and early 1920s, 13–20, 28–29;
characteristics of, in 1920s, 68–69;
characteristics of, in 1940s and 1950s, 240, 241, 245, 263–64;
culture of, 18, 53, 68–71, 80, 89–90;
Gurdjieff in, 47;
immigrant populations of, 15, 18, 53–54;
impact of, on Wright, 1–6, 21;
Olgivanna’s connections with, 47–48;
skyscrapers in, 16, 71, 73–75, 155, 264;
Wright’s comments on, 1, 53–54, 89–90, 253–54, 259, 279n1;
Wright’s print dealings in, 40–42
New Yorker (magazine), 178–82, 219–20, 226, 236–37
New York Life Building, New York, 290n7
New York Sun (newspaper), 160
New York Times (newspaper), 60, 83, 91–92, 104, 141, 145, 149, 169, 170, 175–76, 235, 261, 262
New York Times Book Review, 204, 209
New York Times Magazine, 219, 313n18
New York World (newspaper), 99–100
Niedecken, George Mann, 29
Niemeyer, Oscar, 246
Noel, Miriam, 37–40, 37, 42–45, 50–51, 60–61, 65, 67, 91–92, 113, 126, 163
Noguchi, Isamu, 149
North German Lloyd line, 14
Number One Fifth Avenue, New York, 133
Nusbaum, Merrill, 296n12
Ocatillo (Wright), 115–17, 118, 120, 122, 134–35, 200, 202, 230, 296n16, 297n25
Okura, Baron Kihachiro, 44, 182
Olbrich, Joseph Maria, 21, 32, 164
Olivetti Typewriter showroom, New York, 263–64
Orage, Alfred, 47, 88
organic architecture: characteristics of, 8–10;
criticisms of, 60;
as Wright’s direction in modern architecture, 3, 73;
Wright’s promotion of, 22, 174, 185
ornament, 4, 9, 33, 43, 56–57, 154, 190, 192, 245. See also textile-block building system
Outlook and Independent (magazine), 144
Owen D. Young house (Wright), 119
Pan-American Union of Architects, 182
Pang Tang (funerary sculpture), 229, 315n42
Park Avenue Building, New York, 75
Parker, Dorothy, 84
Parnassus (journal), 204, 233
Paul, Bruno, 297n23, 299n27
Pennsylvania Station, New York, 28, 51
Pepsi-Cola Building, New York, 263
Philip Lewisohn Building, New York, 194–95, 196
Picasso, Pablo, 32, 188
Pickrel, Debra, The Plaza Years, 1954–1959, 246
Pima Indians, 111
Plaza Hotel, New York, 12–13, 13, 17, 243, 244, 245–46, 261
Poe, Edgar Allan, 83
Poiret, Paul, 299n27
Pope, John Russell, 69
Porter, Andrew, 24, 31, 66
Porter, Jane “Jennie” (née Wright), 24, 27, 31, 35, 65–67, 205
postmodernism, 265
Prairie period style, 9, 11, 29, 31, 38, 225, 252
prefabricated housing, 38
press: negative publicity for Wright in, 25–26, 35, 50–51, 61–62, 63, 64–65, 91–92, 94, 95;
positive publicity for Wright in, 42, 44, 50, 144–45, 228–29, 254;
Wright’s comments on, 300n48;
Wright’s use of, 34, 42, 44, 50, 144–46, 157, 160, 229, 252, 254
Price Tower (Wright), 250, 259, 260, 261
primitivism, 4, 32–33, 38, 40, 71–72, 103, 252, 283n11, 318n23. See also exoticism
Princeton University Press, 204
Procter and Gamble, 263
Progressivism, 74
public lectures, 174–75
Queensborough Bridge, New York, 17, 17
Radio City Music Hall, New York, 75
Raeburn, Ben, 252
Raymond, Antonin, 41
Raymond, Noémi Claude, 41, 285n30
Reading (Pa.) Times (newspaper), 50
Rebay, Hilla, 238–39, 242, 242
Reich, Lilly, 214
reinforced concrete, 283n15
Richard Lloyd Jones house (Wright), 216
Richardson, H. H., 190
Riis and Bonner, 167, 226
Rivoli Theater, New York, 69
Roberts, Mary Fanton, 203
Robie house (Wright), 29, 216, 282n3
Rockefeller Center, New York, 169, 239
Rockefeller family, 239
Ross, Harold, 178, 236
Roth, Emery, 214
Roth, Richard, 132
Round Table. See Algonquin
Round Table ruralism, 80, 166
Saarinen, Eliel, 306n45
saguaro cactus, 117, 122
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 12, 149
Sandburg, Carl, 249
San Francisco Call (newspaper), 34
San Francisco Call building project (Wright), 34, 125, 283n14
San Francisco Chronicle (newspaper), 209
San Marcos in the Desert (Wright), 112–19, 119, 131–32, 176–77, 181, 200, 230
San Marcos Water Gardens (Wright), 118
Sara, Valentino, 229
Saturday Review of Literature (magazine), 209
Saylor, Henry H., 170, 198
Schapiro, Meyer, 226
Schevill, Clara, 199
Schevill, Ferdinand, 66, 67, 89, 181, 199
Schindler, Rudolf, 43, 285n35
Schoen, Eugene, 171
S. C. Johnson & Son Company, 227
Scribner’s (magazine), 18
Scripps, Ellen Browning, 113
Seagram Building, New York, 263
Secession, 21, 26–27, 30, 32. See also Vienna
Secession Selznick, David O., 243
Seyferth, Oscar, 176 Sheeler, Charles, 310n35
Shelby Farms Park, Memphis, Tennessee, 267
shelter magazines, 254
Shingle style, 8–9
Simonson, Lee, 212
Singel, Joseph, 299n27
Singer Sewing Machine Company Building, New York, 16
Siry, Joseph, 105, 294n13
Sixty Years of Living Architecture (exhibition), 249–50, 250, 251, 252
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill: Lever House, 246, 248, 263;
Pepsi-Cola Building, 263
skyscraper furniture, 86
Skyscraper Regulation (Wright), 56
skyscrapers: as American architectural type, 71;
curtain-wall construction for, 156;
in New York City, 16, 71, 73–75, 155, 264;
typical construction of, 132;
Wright and, 34, 56, 144, 146, 155, 162, 166, 252, 259, 264
Skyscraper style, 74
Sloan, John, 81
Smith, Alfred E., 136, 169
Smith, E. Baldwin, 164–65
Smith, Kathryn, 304n15, 305n21
Smoot, Mrs. (Ocatillo neighbor), 296n16
Snook, John B., Ardea apartment building, 80
social credit, 88
Society of Illustrators, 78
Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, 238, 240–42, 261
Solomon R. Guggenheim (Wright), 232, 238–43, 242, 250, 261–62, 264, 265, 267
Sonderheft. See Frank Lloyd Wright: Ausgeführte Bauten
Squibb Building, New York, 75
Stamford, Connecticut, 257
standardization, 157, 175, 187, 243
Stark, Harold, 174–75
Stars and Stripes (newspaper), 84
Steel Cathedral project (Wright). See Modern Cathedral project (Wright)
Stein, Gertrude, 69
St. Mark’s Church in-the-Bowery, New York, 4–5, 40, 89, 97, 98, 99, 101–2, 104, 124, 131–32, 136, 143, 145, 220, 292n42
St. Mark’s tower project (Wright), 124–47, 150–64, 169, 170, 175, 176, 181, 182, 193, 200, 204, 219, 224, 226, 230, 253, 257–59, 262;
interiors of, 140, 154;
model of, 170, 173, 176, 177, 250;
perspective views of, 151, 154, 155, 158, 159;
plans of, 136, 140, 153;
section of, 140. See also Price Tower (Wright)
Stokowski, Leopold, 80, 182
Stone, Edward Durell, 245;
Radio City Music Hall, 75
Streamline style, 74. See also moderne style
Street, Julian, 80
Strong, Gordon, 57–60, 163, 240
Sturgis, Russell, 10–11
Stuyvesant, Peter, 97
Sugarloaf Mountain, Maryland, 57–58
Sullivan, Frank, 116
Sullivan, Louis, 2, 8, 9, 20, 50, 187, 190, 199
Sweeney, James Johnson, 242, 261
Swope, Herbert Bayard, 84
Taggatz, Emma Louise, 296n16
Taliesin: architecture of, 190–91, 216;
fire at, 35, 179;
location of, 24, 31;
mortgaging of, 61;
purchase of land for, 31;
rebuilding of, 35–36, 39;
returns to, 91–94, 114;
second fire at, 49;
studio projects of, 34;
visitors to, 85–86, 179–80, 203;
Woollcott’s impressions of, 179–80
Taliesin Associated Architects, 262
Taliesin Fellowship, 39, 209, 221–22, 228, 233–34, 249, 262–63
Taliesin West, 228, 253, 262, 318n23
Tan-y-deri (Wright), 31, 35, 67, 91
Taut, Bruno, New Architecture in Europe and America, 204
Taylor, William R., 2, 253
textile-block building system, 43, 111, 117, 152, 191, 197, 216
Thayer, Cleaver, 66
Thayer, Henry, 61
Thoreau, Henry David, 18, 229, 230–31
Three Little Napoleons of Architecture, 168, 304n15
Tiffany’s, New York, 30
Tilton, Edward L., 301n53
Time (magazine), 144, 229–31
Time & Life Building, New York, 264
Time Inc., 228
Times Square, New York, 69
Tobin, Catherine. See Wright, Catherine (née Tobin)
Toledo Scale Company, 167
Tomblins, Cecil, 116
Toomer, Jean, 47, 88, 91, 286n48
Tower of Babel, 59–60
Trumbull, Edward, 169
Tsuchiura, Kameki, 285n35
Tsuchiura, Nobu, 285n35
Twentieth Century Club, 211
Unitarianism, 10
United Nations Headquarters, New York, 246, 247, 263
United Press, 302n11
United States Rubber Company, 256–57
Unity Temple (Wright), 10
Universal Portland Cement Company, 30
Urban, Joseph, 141, 142, 169, 171, 245, 304n15, 305n21;
New School for Social Research, 80
urbanism. See cities
urbanisme, 55, 72, 147, 219, 221, 223
urban renewal, 264
USA (magazine), 167
Usonia, 54–55, 166, 224, 230, 233–34, 287n14
Usonian homes, 220, 222, 224–25, 228, 250, 251, 264
Van Alen, William, Chrysler Building, 75, 171
Vanderbilt, Alfred Gwynne, 12
Vanderbilt, Cornelius, 83
Vanderbilt, William H., 149
Vienna Secession, 26, 75, 192, 203–4. See also Secession
von Holst, Hermann, 29–30, 280n5
Walker, Donald, 116, 135, 138, 169, 296n12
Walker, Jimmy, 148
Walker, Ralph, 120, 161, 168, 170, 171, 172
Wallace, Mike, 209, 248–49
Waller, Ed, 33
Ward Willits house (Wright), 9
Warner Brothers, 149
Warren, Whitney, 301n53
Washington Arch, New York, 90
Wasmuth, Ernst, 21, 30–31
Wasmuth publications of Wright’s work, 4, 11, 21–22, 24, 26, 30–31, 34, 72, 86–87, 115, 167, 192, 307n4
Weldon, George, 297n25
Wendingen (journal), 185–88, 197
Westchester County, New York, 257
Western Architect (journal), 45
Weston, Ann, 296n16
Weston, Marcus, 296n16
Weston, Nettie, 296n16
Weston, Will, 296n16
What’s My Line (television show), 249
White, E. B., 81
White Star line, 14
Whitman, Walt, 18, 172, 191, 229, 230–31
Whitney, Mrs. Harry Payne (Gertrude Vanderbilt), 142
Whitney Museum of American Art, 142
Wiener, Paul Lester, 119–20, 137
Wiener Werkstätte, 27, 80
Wieseltheir, Vally, 299n27
Wijdeveld, Hendrikus Theodorus, 185–87;
The Life Work of the American Architect Frank Lloyd Wright, 187
Willey, Nancy and Malcolm E., 220
Willey house (Wright), 220, 222, 227
Willits house (Wright), 9
Wingspread house (Wright), 227
Wisconsin State Journal (newspaper), 64, 182
Woman’s World (magazine), 78
Women’s University Club, 211
Woollcott, Alexander, 82–86, 84, 89, 94, 96, 177–82, 180, 194, 212–13, 214, 231, 236–37, 246, 291n31, 316n57, 316n58;
“The Prodigal Father,” 178–82
Woolworth Building, New York, 71
“The Work of Frank Lloyd Wright, 1893–1930” (exhibition), 167–68
World’s Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1893), 212–13
World’s Fair, 1933 (Century of Progress International Exposition), Chicago, 212, 311n3
World Unity Magazine, 198
World War I, 69
World War II, 233–34, 245
World-wide Photos, 302n11
Wright, Anna (née Lloyd-Jones), 2, 24–26, 27, 39–40, 44, 77, 78
Wright, Catherine (née Tobin), 11, 25–26, 29, 38, 42, 44, 91–92
Wright, David Samuel, 50, 114, 320n41
Wright, Frances “Fanny,” 4, 114, 266
Wright, Frank Lloyd: affairs of, 11–13, 21–26;
antiwar sentiments of, 233–34;
appearance of, 27;
arrest and legal troubles of, 62, 64–66, 64, 82, 89;
character and personality of, 6, 26, 126–29, 239, 246–47, 250, 252;
Chicago practice of, 8, 11, 280n5;
clothing of, 93, 139;
and creativity, 6, 11–12, 23, 25, 32;
crises of, 1, 4, 5–6, 11–12, 20–26, 35, 49–50, 60–67, 195;
death of, 262;
family background of, 2;
finances of, 24, 30–31, 39, 42, 60–61, 66–67, 81, 91, 117, 131, 164, 194, 195, 220;
incorporation of himself by, 66–67, 91, 113, 131, 145, 256, 300n45;
marriages of, 11, 37–40, 42, 44, 50–51, 60–61, 91–92, 113;
myths about, 178–81, 231;
offices/studios of, 22, 29, 34, 35, 43, 49, 56, 114, 296n12;
photographs of, ii, 64, 121, 180, 242, 250;
reputation and status of, 126, 142, 163–64, 167–210, 214–15, 220–21, 228–34, 237, 239, 246–56, 262, 265–66, 304n15
Wright, Frank Lloyd, architecture of. See individual buildings and projects by name
Wright, Frank Lloyd, writings of, 5–6;
“The City,” 148;
The Disappearing City, 55, 205, 220–21, 222, 253;
Experimenting with Human Lives, 45;
Frank Lloyd Wright: An Autobiography, 7, 55–56, 62, 203, 205–13, 208, 220, 230, 231, 267, 318n23;
Frank Lloyd Wright on Architecture, 233;
The Future of Architecture, 318n23;
“In Bondage,” 53–54, 55, 89, 292n44;
“In the Cause of Architecture,” 10, 44, 185, 195, 197–98, 197;
In the Cause of Architecture (ed. Frederick Gutheim), 309n27;
“In the Realm of Ideas,” 174, 204;
The Japanese Print, 32;
lectures for Princeton University series, 164–67, 204, 222;
The Living City, 253;
Modern Architecture: Being the Kahn Lectures for 1930, 204;
“Modern Concepts Concerning an Organic Architecture,” 200;
“One Day in New York,” 204–5;
“The Passing of the Cornice,” 199;
“The Pictures We Make,” 55, 89–90, 292n44;
“Prelude to the City, 53, 292n44;
“Principles of Design, 309n33;
review of Le Corbusier’s Vers une Architecture, 198–99;
The Story of the Tower, 259;
“Taliesin: The Chronicle of a House with a Heart,” 194;
A Testament, 252, 318n23;
“To the Young Man in Architecture,” 174, 204;
Two Lectures on Architecture, 204;
“The Usonian City,” 53, 54–55;
When Democracy Builds, 253
Wright, Inc., 113
Wright, Iovanna Lloyd, 50–51, 87, 89, 93
Wright, Jane “Jennie.” See Porter, Jane “Jennie”
Wright, John Lloyd, 35, 67, 93, 114
Wright, Lloyd, 1, 42–43, 114–15, 123, 142, 147, 164, 170, 193, 263, 285n35
Wright, Maginel. See Barney, Maginel
Wright, Olgivanna Lloyd (née Lazovich), 286n48;
alien status of, 56, 65, 82, 94, 113, 131, 291n24;
arrest and legal troubles of, 62, 64–66;
life of, 45–46;
life with Wright, 46–47, 49–51, 60–62, 80–82, 92, 94, 113, 120, 170, 182, 203, 211, 243, 245, 249;
mental health of, 56, 66, 67, 87;
photographs of, 46, 180;
relations of Wright’s children with, 263;
on the Seagram Building, 263;
spirituality of, 87–88;
and Wright’s work, 206, 221, 249, 262
Wright, Richardson, 142
Wright, Robert Llewellyn, 93, 114, 320n41
Wrigley, William, Jr., 149
Yee, James, 296n12
Yogic philosophy, 88
Young, Owen D., 119
Young house (Wright), 119
Zeckendorf, William, 257, 263
Zervos, Christian, 188–89
Ziegfeld Follies, 80
Zigzag style, 74