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Index
Romy Golan
Description: Modernity and Nostalgia: Art and Politics in France between the Wars
Modernity and Nostalgia: Art and Politics in France between the Wars
Index
Author
Romy Golan
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© 1995 by Romy Golan
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-23857
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Index
Abbal, André 31, 33, 51
War memorial, Moissac (ca. 1920) 33, 38
Abbal, André, et al, La Pergola de la Douce France (1925) 35, 39
abstraction 6
Abstraction-Création x
Action Française 24, 64, 85, 151
agrarianism ix
Agricola, Fleurant 64
Ajalbert, Jean 26
Alazard, Jean 108
Alexandre, Arsène 26, 28–9
Algeria 107, 110, 112, 116, 117
Algiers 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 159
alien influences on French art 87–8, 89, 124 see also xenophobia
Alix, Yves 199(n63)
The Master of the Harvest (1920) 50, 56
Allegret, Marc, Congolese Girls (1927) 114, 122
Ambroselli, Gerard, “Je me dirige tout seul,” “Les Héros de Verdun,” and “La Terre, elle, ne mentpas” (1941) 155, 169
America xiv, 66, 74, 77, 79–83, 89, 128, 137, 140, 157
Americanism xiii
anti-Americanism x, xii, 79–83, 85
Dawes Plan (1924) 79, 80
Fordism 74, 79, 80
mass culture 81, 82, 83
Taylorism xiii, 23, 69, 74, 79, 80, 81, 98
Ami du Peuple, L’ 150, 151
Amiens 33
Amour de P Art, L’ xi, 5, 6, 37, 53, 87, 139, 140
Andry-Farcy 123, 198(n54)
Annunzio, Gabriele D’ 98
anti-machinist 82, 87, 93–4, 99, 101, 123, 156
anti-Semitism 88, 137–54
anti-urbanism ix, 24, 52, 55, 56, 82, 98, 141, 156
Antibes 133–5, 151
Apollinaire, Guillaume xi
Aragon, Louis 14, 124, 198(n57)
Arbus, André 120, 121
quoted 94
Arcachon 72–4, 75, 111
Archipenko, Alexander 202(n12)
architecture 23–4, 26, 27–8, 30, 50, 51, 58–9, 89, 90–91, 93, 96–7, 120, 131 see also Le Corbusier, neo-medievalism, vernacular architecture
Architecture d’Aujourdhui, L’ 96
Argonaute, L’ 11
Arnoux, Guy, Le Soldat Laboureur (1917) 41, 44
Aron, Robert, and Arnaud Dandieu, Le Cancer Américain (1931) 83
Decadence de la Nation française (1931) 87
Arras 28
arrière-garde xiii
art deco 91, 93, 117, 118
Art et Decoration xi, 94
Art et les Artistes, L’ 25, 27, 37, 41, 129, 143, 150
art nouveau 92
Art Vivant, L’ xi, 6, 50–51, 58, 87, 89, 138, 139, 142, 57
Artistes Juifs, Les 138, 145, 152
artists: as peasants 45–7, 50, 70–71, 75
as landed aristocrats 45–7
as constructeurs 50–51
arts and crafts, see crafts
Association des Ecrivains et Artistes Révolutionaires (AEAR) 103, 123, 135, 159
Atalante 158, 160
Atget, Eugène 147
Lampshade Peddler (1910–19) 147, 164
Atlantique, see ocean liners
Aubert, Marcel: quoted 41
Augé-Laribé, Michel 156
Le Paysan français après la Guerre (1923) 52
Austria 133, 140
avant-garde, avant-gardism ix, xiii, xiv, 2, 31, 58, 6l, 90, 95, 121, 150 see also modernism
Avignon 61
Balthus 125–8
The Street (1933) 125–6, 128, 147, 136
Copy of Joseph Reinhardt’s Kanton Freiburg (1932) 137
The Mountain (1937) 125, 126–8, 138
Barbusse, Henri, Le Feu (1917) 12
Barcelona 113, 132
Barres, Maurice 24, 89, 142, 159, 171(n23)
Les Diverses Families de la France (1917) 149
Basler, Adolf 140–41
Bataille, Georges xi, 131
Bauchant, André 47, 61, 123
Event in the Village (1927) 61, 54
Bauhaus 91, 93, 154, 189(n28)
Beatenberg 127
Beauvais 26
Beaux-Arts 124, 158, 165(n12)
Benda, Julien, La Trahison des Clercs (1927) 86
Benjamin, Walter, Das Passagen-Werk (begun 1927) 148–9
Bergson, Henri 9, 87, 202(n12)
Les Deux Sources de la Morale et de la Religion (1932) 87, 98, 103–4
Besson, Maurice 107
quoted 108
Billiet-Worms, Pierre 125
biological man 97–104, 136
biotypes x, 97–8, 99, 103
biotypology 97–8, 113
Bissière, Roger: quoted 37
Blanche, Jacques-Emile 87
Bloch, Marc, Les Caracteres originaux de l’histoire Française rurale (1931) 67
Blum, Leon 66, 129, 135–6, 154
Bombois, Camille 47, 123
The Old Donjon (1928) 47, 53
Bonnard, Pierre 10, 158
Bordeaux 25, 116
Boret, Victor 65, 156
Bouchard, Henri 158
War memorial for the Paris Pantheon (1920) 37
Boucher, L., 3e Salon de l’Imagerie (1942) 172
Bouquet, Louis, Untitled (1927) 180(n126), 62
The Contribution of Africa to the West (1931) 116
Bourdieu, Pierre 122
Boussingault, Jean-Louis 46–7, 51
Boutet de Monvel, Bernard, The Two Friends (ca. 1922) 46–7, 51
Brancusi, Constantin 36
Braque, Georges x, 18, 88, 158
Large Nude (1926) 18–19, 22
Canephoras (1922) 18–19
Brasillach, Robert 158
Brassai 205(n36)
Breton, André xi, 14, 16, 133, 170(n21), 198(n60)
Surrealism and Painting (1928) 15, 16
Breton, André, and Philippe Soupault, Les Champs magnetiques (1917) 15
Breton, André, et al, Exquisite Corpse (ca. 1926) 105
Breuil, Henri 102
Broca, Alexis de, The Elders (ca. 1922) 130, 140
Brussels International Exposition (1935) 95, 121, 98
Bulletin de la Vie artistique 141
Buñuel, Luis, Las Hurdas, Tierra Sin Pan (1932) 200(n81)
Cagnes-sur-Mer 138, 142, 145, 6
Cahen, Edmond, Juif, non, Israélite! (1930) 150
Cahier de la Quinzaine 40
Cahiers d’art xi, 70, 83, 101–2, 153
Cahiers juifs 153
camouflage 12, 13
Candide 153
Capgras, Georges, L’Enlisé (1917) 13, 14
Capiello, Leonetto, Paris 1937 107
capitalism 61, 76, 77, 85, 184(n44)
Carco, Francis 20
Carlu, Jean 61
Carnet de la Semaine, Le 139
Carnet des artistes, Le 6, 26
Carrel, Alexis 98
L’Homme, cet inconnu (1935) 98–9, 100
Cassandre 61
Normandie (1935) 108
Cassou, Jean 198(n54)
Catholics, catholicism 18, 28, 85, 129, 140
cave paintings 100, 101
Caziot, Pierre 51, 156
Céline, Louis-Ferdinand 158
Bagatelles pour un Massacre (1937) 154
Cendrars, Blaise 186(n60)
Cercle et Carré x
Céret 138, 142, 145
Cézanne, Paul 9, 39, 40, 165(n27)
Chagall, Marc 137, 140, 152, 153, 154, 206(n56), 207(n9)
Champfleury 38, 39
Chamson, André: quoted 49
Chapelin-Midy, Roger, Return from the Fields (ca. 1937) 124, 160, 133
Chardin, Jean-Baptiste 146, 154
Chareau, Pierre 58, 59, 91
Charensol, Georges 6
Charlemagne, Paul, A la Gloire du Marechal Pétain 162
Charles-Brun, Jean 120, 122, 156, 159
Chariot, Louis 25–6
Chartres 33, 145, 158, 159
Chassériau, Theodore 108
Chateaubriand, Alphonse de 158, 159
La Brière (1923) 44
Chéronnet, Louis 91–2
Chicago 82, 83
classicism (Italian) 89, 102
Clemenceau, Georges 29
Cochet, Gérard 124
Harvest (1934) 68, 77
colonialists, colonialism xiii, 105–18, 136, 158
colonies, depiction of xi, 107, 110, 116
Commune 25, 103, 124, 198(n57)
Commune, Paris (1871) 25, 159
communists, communism 90, 103
in Germany 79
Comoedia 158, 159, 160
Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM) 95
Corot, Jean-Baptiste 28, 36, 37, 141, 142, 149
Chartres Cathedral (1830) 145, 159
corporatists, corporatism ix, xi, 77, 98, 121, 128, 162, 184 (nn44, 45), 197(nn46, 47)
Costa, Joachim 31, 33, 51
Poilu de La Rochelle (1920) 31, 34, 36
Costa, Joachim, et al, La Pergola de la Douce France (1925) 35, 39
Cottet, Charles 142
Coty, François 151
Courbet, Gustave 6, 28, 37, 39, 50, 121, 127, 146, 159
Stone-breakers 127
Courthion, Pierre 39, 40
quoted 44, 70–71
crafts, revival of 26, 118, 119–20, 121, 122, 124
cubists, cubism ix, xiii, 3, 5, 6, 20, 25, 36, 40, 102, 120, 132, 140, 141, 144, 152, 166(n33), 176(n76), 202(n12) see also Salon cubism
Cuvier, Georges 98
Czaky, Joseph 36
Daladier, Edouard 66
Dali, Salvador 102
Dandieu, Arnaud, see Aron, Robert
Dangar, Anne 86
Daniel-Rops, Henri, Les Années tournantes (1931) 87
Le Monde sans ame (1932) 87
Darwin, Charles 98
Deauville 69
Delaunay, Robert 82, 205(n46)
Delaunay, Sonia 152
dénatalité 20–21, 106
dépaysement 15
Depression, the Great ix, xiii, 62, 65, 66, 67, 69, 75, 76, 77, 82, 83, 87, 88, 90, 93, 99, 102, 105, 107, 114, 118, 125, 137, 152, 196(n36), 199(n76) see also Wall Street Crash
Derain, André x, 1, 3, 5–6, 7, 9, 12, 36, 47, 50, 62, 67, 89, 126, 137, 138, 149, 158, 162, 201(n5)
Old Bridge in Cagnes (1910) 5, 6
Provençal Farmhouse (ca. 1922) 5, 9, 7
The Golden Age/Terrestrial Paradise, The Hunt (1938–44) 162–3, 176
Desmeures, Exposition Coloniale Internationationale (1931) 106
Despiau, Charles 206(n56)
Desthieux, Jean 26
Deutscher Werkbund 91
Dix, Otto 154
Documents xi
Dorgerès, Henri 64
Douaumont 10
Douce France, La 27, 34, 35, 36
Doumergue, Gaston 66, 119
Ducasse, Isidore, see Lautréamont, Comte de
Ducos de la Haille, Pierre, France’s Contribution to the Colonies (1931) 116, 126
Dufet, Michel, Desk and Armchairs (1930–31) 117, 129
Dufrène, Maurice 93
Dining-room (1935) 93, 96
Dufy, Raoul 88
Dunand, Jean, Jungle Scenes (1931) 111
Duhamel, Georges, Scenes de la Vie future (1930) 81–2, 83
Dunoyer de Segonzac, André x, 6, 9, 12, 18, 19, 36, 46–7, 50, 51, 62, 67, 70, 137, 142, 145, 158, 164(n10), 192(n67), 51, 57
The Drinkers (1910) 44, 46, 49
Spring in Chaville (1920) 8
Bathers (1923) 18, 23
Dupas, Jean, The History of Navigation (1935) 107, 110
Duret, Theodore 175(n68)
Ecole de Paris x, 128, 137, 139, 142, 143, 152, 153, 154
Ecole des Beaux-Arts 2, 89
Ecole Française x, xiii, 139, 142, 143, 152, 153, 154, 158
economy, French 64, 65, 66, 79–83 see also Depression, the Great
élan vital 87
Emprunt National (poster for the Credit Français, ca. 1920) 18, 41, 19
Entrevaux-sur-Var 10, 12
Ernst, Max, Vision Provoked by the Porte Saint-Denis at Night (1927) 172(n31), 31
Escholier, Raymond 154
Esprit 76
Esprit Nouveau, L’ 37, 47, 61, 75, 77, 97, 99, 186(n58)
Europe 124
Faivre, Abel, Credit National (ca. 1918) 11
Terre de France, Emprunt National (1920) 41, 52, 45
fascists, fascism x, xii, 76, 98, 103–4, 129, 156, 162
in France xi, xiv, 64, 98, 103, 104, 124, 163
in Germany xi, 66, 79, 98, 103, 128, 154, 156, 158, 184(n45), 191(n52), 207–8(n10)
in Italy xi, 9, 64, 98, 107, 128, 154, 184(n45)
in Spain 129, 132, 136
Faure, Elie 12, 19, 37, 87, 89, 195(n24)
fauves, fauvism ix, 5, 6, 9, 10, 20, 208(n12)
Favory, André 18
Fèbvre, Lucien 183(n21)
Féder, Adolphe 140, 142, 143, 150, 201(n4), 203(n20), 207(n9)
Bignou Players (ca. 1924) 142, 153
Fels, Florent x, 6, 9, 40, 50, 138, 139, 142
Fels, Marthe de 37–8
quoted 38
Ferrer, Horacio Morgado, Madrid, 1937 (The Black Airplanes) (1937) 145
Fierens, Paul: quoted 39
Figaro, Le 80, 90, 150, 151
Flament, André 157
quoted 89
Focillon, Henri: quoted 1
Forces Nouvelles 124, 125, 129
Formes 67, 87, 89, 94, 124, 153
Formes et couleurs 158
Foujita, Tsugouhara 143
Mon Intérieur, Paris (Still Life with Clock) (1921) 143, 156
Mon Intérieur, Paris (Still Life with Accordion) (1922) 143, 157
Fouquet, Jean 37
Franco, Francisco 132, 133, 155
Franco-Prussian War 7, 14, 25, 105
war memorials 30, 203(n19)
revanchists, revanchisme (1872–1914) 7, 18, 24–5
Freud, Sigmund 15, 49, 63, 167(n41), 207(n3)
Friesz, Emile-Othon 10, 88, 158
Front National des Arts Plastiques 159–60
furniture 59, 91–6, 117–18, 121, 128, 129
ébénisterie 91, 93, 94, 95, 93
metal 91, 92, 96
wood 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 117
Gabriel, René 93
Galerie Barbazanges 1
Galerie Bernheim-Jeune 1, 49, 137, 138, 150
Galerie Crés 19
Galerie de la Palette Française 152
Galerie Devambez 19
Galerie Druet 1, 137
Galerie Georges Petit 150
Galerie Lepoutre 49
Galerie Marcel Bernheim 1, 19
Galerie Paul Rosenberg 47
Galerie Percier 150
Galerie Simon 5, 15
Gance, Abel, J’Accuse (premiered 1919) 166(n31)
La Roue (1923) 61
Ganivet, Pierre: quoted 76
Gard, Roger Martin du 6
Gaudissard, E., Suite Arabe (1927) 109
Gauthier, Maximilien 198(n54)
quoted 123
Gazette des Beaux-Arts 7
Genevoix, Maurice, La Boue (1921) 12, 65
Robiolot (1926) 44
George, Waldemar x, 67, 70, 87, 93–4, 124, 138, 139, 141, 146, 152–4
quoted 35, 36, 46, 119, 140, 144, 145, 153
L’Esprit français et la peinture française (1931) 124
L’Humanisme et l’idee de patrie (1936) 154
Gerbe, La 158, 159
Germany ix, 7, 8, 9, 18, 20, 23, 25, 51, 65, 66, 67, 79, 80, 85, 87, 89, 106, 108, 128, 132, 148, 149, 154, 156, 158
anti-German sentiments in France 25, 28–9, 80, 85, 87, 89, 108, 141
France’s fear of Germany x, 80, 81, 128
France’s rapprochement with Germany 79
France’s antipathy towards German art 37, 89, 94, 108, 203(n19)
German economy 79, 81
reparations 79, 80 see also under America (Dawes Plan)
Gide, André 114
Giono, Jean 135–6, 159, 160
quoted 135
Le Triptique de Pan (1929) 65
Triomphe de la Vie (1942) 159
Gleizes, Albert 25, 40, 82, 85–7, 103, 160
The Crowning of the Virgin (1927) 85–6, 103, 92
La Terre et les Metiers manuels (1928) 86
Homocentrisme . . . (1937) 86
Goering, Hermann 208(n12)
Gogh, Vincent van 130, 146
Gonzales, Julio, La Montserrat (1936–7) 131–2, 146
Gordes 159, 160, 170
Gringoire 153
Gris, Juan 9, 12, 202(n12)
Gromaire, Marcel 34, 35, 52, 89, 160, 162, 198(n57), 199(n63)
quoted 36, 53, 57, 88
The Street (1923) 56, 67
The Game of Skittles (1924) 52–3, 55, 59
War (The Trenches) (1925) 13, 34, 15
The Toil of the Earth (1932) 68, 78
The Soil (1939–43) 160, 162, 173
Gropius, Walter 189(n28)
Grossmann, Rudolph 153
Grosz, George 154
Guenne, Jacques 6, 53, 70, 89
quoted 46
Guénon, René, La Crise du Monde Moderne (1928) 85
Guernica 131–3, 148
Guillaume, Paul 137, 138, 152
Guillaumin, Emile, A tous les vents de la glèbe (1931) 68
Gunther, Georg, Rest during the Harvest (ca. 1937) 139
Halévy, Daniel, Visite aux Paysans du Centre (1935) 68
Hebert, André, The Contribution of the East to the West 116, 128
Hemingway, Ernest ix, 56
Henri, Florence 205(n36)
Herbier, Marcel L’, L’Inhumaine (1924) 61
Herbin, Auguste x, 2–3, 7, 9, 12, 47, 82
Brante et le Mont Ventoux (1924) 3, 9, 3
Boules Players (1923) 54, 55, 25
Notre-Dame de Paris (1922) 30, 34
Portrait of the Artist’s Mother (1926) 44, 47
Portrait of the Artist’s Uncle (1926) 44, 47
Still Life with Rooster (1925) 47, 52
Herbst, René, and Fernand Léger, The Young Man’s Home: The Gym (1935) 95, 99, 121, 98
Herman, Simone 69–70
Herriot, Edouard 26, 66
historicism 89
Hitler, Adolf 103, 133, 135, 153, 154, 156, 158
Homberg, Octave 106
Homme nouveau, L’ x, 76, 104
Homme réel, L’ 76, 77, 89, 97, 98, 99
Humblot, Robert, The Dead Child (1936) 124
Ile de France, see ocean liners
Illustration, L’ 7, 107
Images d’Epinal 41, 126, 143, 147, 155, 159, 160, 163
impressionists, impressionism 10, 14, 20, 29, 39, 45, 89, 176(n76)
Indépendants, la querelle des 139–40, 141
Indochina 106, 107, 116
Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique 108
international style, internationalist design 27, 60, 90, 120, 152
internationalism 23, 26
Intransigeant, L’ 69
Italy 9, 113, 128, 195(n23), 199(n76)
antipathy towards Italian art 37
Italian influence on French art 28, 37–8, 89, 124
Jacob, Max 150, 207(n9), 166
The Fourteenth of July in Quimper (1925) 150, 167
Jamot, Paul 38, 123, 175(n64)
Janniot, Alfred, The Colonies’ Contribution to France (1931) 116, 124
La Renaissance de la France sous les auspices du chef de l’état 162
Jannot, Henri, Man with Plow (ca. 1937) 124, 129, 135
Je suis partout 153, 158
Jean, René: quoted 19
Jeanneau, Guillaume 160
Jeanneau, Gustave 36
Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard, see Le Corbusier
Jeanneret, Pierre 91, 95, 159
Jews 67, 137–54, 157, 160, 163, 207(nn7, 9, 10)
Israélites 148–50
Jewish artists xiii, 88, 128, 137–54
métèques 151 see also Ecole de Paris
Jourdain, Francis 58, 59
Journée Industrielle, La 80
Jouve, Paul, Royal Tigers (and) . . . Sacred Elephants (1935) 107, 112
Jouve, Pierre-Jean, La Scene capitale (1936) 127
Kahnweiler, Daniel-Henri 139
Kaiser, Edmond 149
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) 79
Kertész, André 147–8
Montparnasse, Square Jolivet (1927) 147, 163
L’Elégance du Métier (1927–8) 165
Pierre Mac Orlan (1928) 143
Kisling, Moïse 58, 137, 138, 139, 140, 142, 143, 206(n56), 207(n9)
Krohg, Per 154
Krull, Germaine 205(n36)
La Chaux-de-Fond 75, 90
La Ciotat 72–3
La Fontaine 142, 143
La Fresnaye, Roger de 2, 3, 7, 12, 41, 62, 70, 178(n100)
The Conquest of the Air (1913) 2, 54, 1
Landscape of Hauteville (1922) 2, 2
The Herdsman (1921) 41, 46
La Patellière, Amédée de 44, 70, 178(n100), 199(n63)
Rape of Europa with Shell (1927) 18, 20
The Rest in the Cellar (ca. 1926) 44, 50
La Rochelle, Drieu de 158
La Ruche 144
La Sizeranne, Robert 14
quoted 13–14
Labat, Emanuel 51
Labbé, Edmond 119, 120, 121, 156
quoted 120
Lacombe, Georges 142
Lacoste, Charles 25–6
Lagardalle, Hubert 156
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 98
Lambert-Rucki, Jean 36
Lamour, Philippe 64
landscape; as lieu de mémoire ix, xii, 1–22
as body 17–21
landscape of the trenches 11–17, 18
moralized landscape 7–11
landscape painting, renaissance of 1–7, 25
Lang, Fritz, Metropolis (1926) 81
Laon 28
Lapauze, Henri 36
Laprade, Albert: quoted 120
Latin-Celtic feud, the 33–5 see also under neo-classicism (latinité)
Latinity, see under neo-classicism
Laurens, Henri 36
Lautréamont, comte de, Les Chants de Maldoror (1869) 14–15
Laval, Pierre 66
Le Corbusier x, xiii, 9, 23, 47, 50, 51, 58–9, 61, 62, 68, 72–8, 80, 82, 86, 89, 90, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 110–13, 131, 136, 159, 172(n31), 191(n60), 198(n57)
Les Traces Regulateurs. L’Esprit Nouveau (ca. 1921) 30
Purist Still Life, Effort Moderne (1922) 58, 69
Villa Contemporaine (1922) 77
Plan Voisin (1925) 74, 77
Woman with Cat and Teapot (1928) 61, 72, 73
Arcachon Fisherwoman (1928) 72, 84
Composition with Moon (1929) 72, 85
Une Maison, un palais . . . (1928) 74–5
Villa de Mandrot (1929–32) 75, 77, 88
North African Nude (1930) 118
The Woodcutter (1931) 75–6, 89
Perilous Harmony (1931) 77, 90
Plan Obus series (1932–42) 110, 112, 159
Plan Obus Model (1932) 120
Croisade ou lecrépuscule des academies (1933) 90
Bather with Pinasse (1934) 111, 119
La Ferme Radieuse (1934) 77–8, 121, 159
Le Village radieux (1934) 77–8
La Ville radieuse (1934) 78
La Ville radieuse; elements d’une doctrine d’urbanisme . . . (1935) 78, 99
Quand les cathédrales étaient blanches (1937) 63
Le Corbusier and Amédée Ozenfant, Après le Cubisme (1918) 50
Pavillon de L’Esprit Nouveau (1925) 58, 59
Le Corbusier and Charlotte Perriand, Chaise longue (1928) 95, 96, 99
Basculant chair (1928) 95, 96
Grand confort easy chair 96
casiers métalliques (1928) 96, 99
Le Corbusier, et al, Villa La Roche 91
The Young Man’s Home: The Study (1935) 95–6, 99, 121, 98
Le Fauconnier, Henri 25
Le Flavre 107, 116
Le Nain, Louis and Antoine 28, 37, 38, 39, 50, 123, 124
Peasant Family (ca. 1640) 43
Le Piquey 62, 72, 74, 75, 78
Le Pradet 75
League of Nations 74, 133
Léger, Fernand x, xiii, 9, 23, 50, 52, 55, 58, 61, 62, 68–71, 72, 74, 80, 82–3, 86, 90, 91, 95, 100, 101, 121, 157, 165(n27), 166(n33), 198(n57)
The City (1919) 55, 58, 64
Paysage Animé (1921) 52–3, 60
Leaves and Shells (1927) 61, 68, 72
Old Gloves (ca. 1930) 69, 79
Bather (1931) 69, 80
Composition with Three Figures (1932) 70, 81
Sports (1935) 99, 100
photomontage, Agricultural Pavilion, 1937 Exposition 121, 132
Aloes (1935) 96
Léger, Fernand, and René Herbst, The Young Man’s Home: The Gym (1935) 95, 99, 121, 98
Léger, Fernand, et al, The Young Man’s Home: The Study (1935) 95–6, 99, 121, 98
Legueult, Raymond 142
Lemaistre, Yvanna, and André Hébert, The Contribution of the East to the West (1931) 116, 128
Lemordant 60, 181(n142)
Leon, Paul 27, 40
La Renaissance des ruines (1918) 27, 88
Les Eysies de Tayac 100, 101
Letrosne, Charles 27–8, 120
Lévy, Léopold 149, 152
Levy, Simon 149
Lhote, André x–xi, 5, 18, 37, 39–40, 47, 58, 159–60, 198(n57), 199(n63)
Nude (ca. 1920) 18, 21
The Fourteenth of July in Avignon (1923) 53, 54–5, 56, 61
Landscape of Gordes (1941) 159, 170
Petits itinéraires à l’usage des artistes (1943) 160
Lille 28, 52
Limbourg, Georges 15
Lipchitz, Jacques 36, 140, 152, 202(n12), 203(n20), 206(n56), 207(n9)
Lipsi, Maurice 144, 207(n9)
Musical Group (1926) 143, 155
Locarno Pact (1925) 79
Lotiron, Robert 160
The Harvesters (1931) 68, 75
Life of the Fields (1942) 162, 174
Loupot, Charles 61
Lumière, Auguste 190(n48)
Luquet, Georges-Henri, L’Art des hommes fossiles (1926) 101, 102
Lurçat, André 23, 73
Lurçat, Jean 73, 162, 198(n57)
Fisherwoman (1928) 87
The Peasant’s Soup (1936) 129–30, 141
Lyautey, Marechal 115, 116, 128
quoted 114
machine aesthetic x, xiii, 23, 52, 55, 61, 62, 68–9, 91, 94, 95, 100, 119
Maillol, Aristide 206(n56)
Male, Emile 29, 203(n19)
Malherbe, Henri: quoted 10
Mallet-Stevens, Robert 23, 24, 58, 59
Man Ray 205(n36) Manosque 65
Mare, André 91
Marmite 11
Marseille 1922: Exposition Coloniale 108, 110, 115
Martel, Jan and Joel 36
Martiny, Marcel 98, 190
Marxists, Marxism 76, 81
mass culture, French 61
Massis, Henri, Defense de l’occident (1927) 85, 152
Masson, André 15, 16
quoted 15–16
Battle of Fish (1927) 15, 16
Landscape of Wonders (1935) 131, 143
Matisse, Henri x, 5, 12, 108–10, 111, 137, 153, 158, 201(n5):
Odalisque with Grey Pantalon (ca. 1927) 108–9, 114
Odalisque with Red Trousers (1921) 109
Mauclair, Camille x, 37, 89, 90, 150–52,
La Crise de l’art moderne (1944) 157, 160
Mauriac, François, La Province (1926) 52
Maurras, Charles 24, 27, 151
mechanization 89, 98
anti-mechanization 123
Méheult, Marthurin 142, 181(n142)
Méline, Jules, Le Salut par la Terre (1919) 52
Mellon-Berenger Pact (1926) 79
Menkès, Sigmund 141, 207(n9)
Mercier, Ernest 64, 74, 80
Mercure de France 138, 140
Metz 52, 204(n22)
Metzinger, Jean 1, 3, 7, 12, 25, 40, 47, 50, 82
House in the Forest (1921) 3, 4
Middle Ages, France’s claim on the art of 29–30
Miklos, Gustave 36
Woman with Tamburin (1929) 41
Millet, Jean François 25
Mirbeau, Octave 59–60
Miró, Joan 70
Still Life with Old Shoe (1937) 130, 142
The Reaper/Catalan Peasant in Revolt (1937) 132, 147
modernists, modernism ix, x, xi, xii–xiii, xiv, 1, 3, 14, 23, 26, 36, 39, 40, 50, 51, 58–9, 68, 74, 79, 83, 89, 90, 93, 95, 96, 97, 118, 123, 131, 159, 207(n7)
anti-modernism 89, 90, 91, 118 see also avant-garde
Modigliani, Amedeo 137–8, 140, 206(n56)
Paul Guillaume, Novo Pilota (ca. 1916) 138, 152
Moholy-Nagy, Lazlo 205(n36)
Moissac 33
Moly-Sabata 86, 103, 160
Mondrian, Piet x
Mondzain 140, 201(n4), 203(n20)
Monet, Claude 29, 39–40, 201(n5)
Rouen Cathedral, Harmony in Blue and Gold (1892) 29
Nymphéas (1899) 39
Monnet, Georges 121
Montagnac, Jean-Paul, Youth and the Return to the Soil (1942) 162, 175
Montech 33
Morand, Paul, New York (1930) 81
Morise, Marcel, et al, Exquisite Corpse (ca. 1926) 105
Morocco 108, 110, 155
Mouézy-Eon, Albert 98
Muhlestein, Hans 102
Munich 1937: Degenerate Art Exhibition 158, 207(n10), 208(n12)
Musée National des Arts et Traditions Populaires 122, 133
Mussolini 128, 129, 135, 156, 165(n22), 195(n23)
naïf art and artists ix, 47–9, 61, 123, 125
faux naïf style 125
Nam, Jacques, Verdun: Ils t’ont meurtrie chere file . . . (1916) 18, 18
nationalists, nationalism in France xiii, 2, 7, 9, 24, 28, 33–4, 36, 37–8, 39, 87–8, 106, 120, 124, 137, 153, 159, 180(n128)
naturalists, naturalism ix, x, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26, 28, 36, 40, 50, 69, 138, 149
neo-classicism xiii, 9, 28, 55, 75, 120,
latinistes, latinité 9, 33–5, 37
neo-corporatists, neo-corporatism x, xii, 77, 95, 97, 104, 113, 136 see also corporatism
néo-machinisme 58, 59, 61
neo-medievalism 28–36, 59, 85–6, 91, 103, 92
Celtic art, influence of 33–4, 88
Gothic art, influence of 33, 36, 140, 144
Romanesque art, influence of 33, 36, 86, 144 see also Middle Ages, Latin-Celtic feud
neo-plasticism x
neo-syndicalists, neo-syndicalism xii, 184(n44)
Neue Sachlichkeit 128
New York 81, 83
Niclausse, Paul 44
Niclausse, Pierre, Briard Peasants (ca. 1923) 44, 48
Nicot, Louis, La Pergola de la Douce France (1925) 35, 39
non-conformistes, les 76
Normandie, see ocean liners
north/south debate 9–10, 74
Nouvelle Revue Française, La 14, 36, 54
novels: ruralist xi, 44–5, 65
war 12–13
Noyon 28
ocean liners 106–7, 110, 108
Ordre nouveau, L’ 76
organicism ix, x, xi, 3, 58, 62, 92, 95, 103–4, 105, 113, 121, 158 see also return to the soil
orientalism 108–14
odalisques 108–10, 114
Orloff, Chana 137, 140, 206(n56), 207(n9)
The Accordionist (1924) 143, 154
Oudot, Roland 124, 158, 160
Rustic Labour (1933) 68, 76
Oudry, Jean-Baptiste 146
Ozenfant, Amédée x, 9, 23, 47, 50, 61, 62, 100, 101, 102, 110, 113, 136, 157
quoted 47–8, 113–14
Self-portrait (1918) 58
The Source (1926–7) 61, 100, 113, 74
Biological Life (1931–8) 102–3, 113, 91
Woman, Child, Palm Tree and Vase (1927) 101, 113, 103
Grotto with Bathers (1930) 101, 104
The Four Races (1928) 113, 121
Art (1928) 62, 113
cover for Art (1928) 101, 101
Ozenfant, Amédée, and Le Corbusier, Après Le Cubisme (1918) 50
Pavillon de L’Esprit Nouveau (1925) 58, 59
pacifists, pacifism 12, 87, 113, 132, 135–6, 157
paleolithic art 102
Paris: arrondissements 58
Latin Quarter 58
representations of 55–7
restructuring of 74
urban growth 56
Paris 1923: Exposition de la Société Coloniale des Artistes Français 108, 110
Paris 1925: Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes xi, 35, 58–9, 61, 91, 117, 120, 39, 70, 71
Paris 1930: Exposition du Centenaire de la Conquête de l’Algérie, 1830–1930 108, 110
Paris 1931: Exposition Coloniale Internationale xiii, 105–18, 106, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128
Paris 1937: Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne xi, 105, 118, 119–23, 132, 154, 156, 107, 130, 131, 132, 144
Pascm, Jules 137, 142, 201(n4), 203(n20), 206(n56)
Pierre Mac Orlan (1924) 143
peasants, as icons of the regional 40–45
Peintres de la Réalité Poétique, Les 124, 125
peintres naïf, see naïf art
Pende, Nicola 97–8
Perret, Auguste 23, 24
Perriand, Charlotte 91, 95, 96, 97, 121, 159
Bar sous le toit 91
Perriand, Charlotte, and Le Corbusier, Chaise langue (1928) 95, 96, 99
Basculant chair (1928) 95, 96
casiers métalliques (1928) 96, 99
Perriand, Charlotte, et al, The Young Man’s Home: The Study (1935) 95, 96, 99, 121, 98
Perrochon, Eugène, Nène (1920) 44
Pesquidoux, Joseph de 158
Sur la Glebe (1927) 44, 158
La Brière 158
Pétain, Philippe xi, 155–6, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 163
quoted 40 see also Revolution Nationale
Picabia, Francis 186(n60)
Picasso, Pablo x, xiii, 5, 9, 12, 88, 90, 132, 140–41, 150, 158, 201(n5), 202(n12)
Guernica (1937) 131, 132, 133, 135, 148
Woman Seated in a Garden (1938) 132–3, 149
Night Fishing at Antibes (1939) 133, 135, 151
Max Jacob (1915) 150, 166
Plans 76, 77, 83, 89, 97, 98, 99, 103, 156
plannistes, plannisme xii, xiii, 76, 77, 98, 121
Poiret, Paul 6, 44
Poisson, Pierre, Oued (1925) 110, 115
Popular Front, the x, 39, 50, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 132, 137, 154, 160, 198(n56), 199(n76)
Pourrat, Henri 40, 65, 158–9
Gaspard des Montagnes (1925–31) 44–5, 159
Homme et la Bêche, L’ (1940) 158
Vent de Mars (1941) 158–9
Poussin, Nicolas 2, 28, 37–8, 39, 71, 127, 142, 153
Echo and Narcissus 127
Prelude 76, 89, 97, 99, 113
Printz, Eugène 91, 93, 95
furniture for the office of Marechal Lyautey 117, 128
prospérité Poincaré (1926–29) 64
Proudhon, Pierre-Paul 39
purists, purism xiii, 58, 61, 62, 72, 100, 69
Puvis de Chavannes, Pierre, Ludus Pro Patria (1878–82) 54–5, 63
Quivillic, René 31, 150
War memorial, Pernarmc’h (ca. 1924) 31, 35
Raffaëlli 26
Ramuz, Charles-Ferdinand 40, 65
La Separation des races (1923) 40
rappel à l’ordre (retour à l’ordre) ix, x, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 18, 20, 21, 25, 28, 29, 30, 33, 39, 45, 50, 62, 109, 123, 149
Raynal, Maurice 143–4
realism 123–8, 131
constructive realism 50
left wing 124, 125, 130
right wing 123–4, 125
Rebatet, Lucien 163
reconstruction/recovery (1919–27) xi, 8, 9, 19, 23, 27, 41, 50, 52, 59, 79, 114, 137
Redressement Français 74, 80, 98
Regeneration 103
regionalists, regionalism ix, 7, 23–8, 36, 37–8, 40, 41, 58, 59, 60, 88, 90, 97, 105, 118, 119–23, 129, 159, 176(n69), 180(n128)
decentralization 24, 25, 58
neo-regionalism 60
regionalism as ideology of resistance 25
Reims 29, 9, 28
Reinhardt, Joseph 127, 137
Renaissance de l’art français et des industries de luxe, La 26, 57, 107
Reneaudeau, Lucie 95
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste 19–20, 138, 141, 142, 149, 154
Seated Bather (1914) 24
Resistance, French 67, 157, 159, 160, 162–3, 207(n7)
maquis/maquisards 157, 162–3
resistance to progress (passeéisme) xi–xii, 67, 80
retour à l’homme ix–x, 76–7, 82, 85–104, 123, 124
return to natural forms 68–75
return to the soil ix, xi, 5, 11, 14, 25–6, 68, 86, 156 see also organicism
Révolution Nationale xi, 156
Revolution Surréaliste, La xi
Revue de Paris, La 89, 157
Revue Mondiale, La 153
Rey, Robert, L’Art moderne ou la Peinture sans Metier 160
Reynaud, Paul 117
quoted 114
Ribemont-Dessaignes, Georges 186(n60)
Ridder, André de 36
Riefenstahl, Leni 199(n75)
Rilke, Rainer Maria 199(n74)
Rimbaud, Arthur 167(n41)
Rimbert, René 123
The Blind Alley (1928) 57, 68
Rio de Janeiro 112
Ritter, Raymond 197(n44)
Rivera, Miguel Primo de 129
Rivière, Georges-Henri 87–8, 122, 209(n25)
Robj 36
Helmeted Head (ca. 1925) 42
Rodin, Auguste 33
Roger-Marx, Claude 142
quoted 46
Rohner, Georges, Man with Pitchfork (1936) 124, 134
Rollin, Lucien 93
Dining-room (1935) 93, 97
Romains, Jules 82
Romier, Lucien 68, 80–81, 156
Rouen 107, 108, 116, 29
Roupnel, Gaston, 66–7
Rousseau, Henri (Le Douanier) 47, 123, 201(n5)
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 176(n76)
Roux-Spitz, Michel 23
Ruhlmann, Jacques-Emile 93, 117
cabinet (1923) 91, 93
The Rendez-vous of the Trout Fishermen (1932) 93, 95
rural exodus in France (1920s) 28, 51
Sadoul, Georges 135–6
Saint-Benoît-sur-Loire 150
Saint-Hilaire, Geoffroy de 98
Saint-Ménéhould 12
Saint-Tropez 9
Salmon, André 5, 6, 25–6, 31, 44, 138, 149–50, 152, 204(n30)
quoted 50
Salon cubism 2, 36, 54
Salon d’Automne 1, 7, 9, 19, 31, 44, 47, 50, 210(n27)
Salon de l’Imagerie 160, 163, 172
Salon des Artistes Décorateurs 91, 93
Salon des Indépendants 1, 2, 5, 13, 54, 139, 140
Salon des Provinces Françaises (1944) 159, 171
Salon des Tuileries 1, 36
Sanary 142
Saupique, Georges, La Pergola de la Douce France (1925) 35, 39
Saurrat, Albert 106, 114
Sauvage, Henri 23
Schmied, François-Louis, Norman Horseman (1935) 113
sculpture 28–36, 44, 50, 51, 90, 131–2, 144, 154
direct carving (taille directe) 33, 34, 51, 203(n19) see also Latin-Celtic feud, neo-medievalism and war memorials
Séguy, E. A. 92
Sénéchal, L’Art en deuil (1914) 29–30, 33
Séraphine 47
Sert, José Louis 131
Shalom 153
Siegfried, André 80, 81
Signac, Paul 139, 203(n20)
Simon, Lucien, Algeria (1931) 117
Sognot, Louis 91
Sognot, Louis, et al, The Young Man’s Home: The Study (1935) 95–6, 99, 121, 98
Soissons 28
soldat laboureur 41, 135, 155, 44
Souillac 33
Soulas, Louis, Soldat Laboureur (1939) 155, 168
Soupault, Philippe 186(n60) see also Breton, André
Soutine, Chaim 137, 138, 142, 144–7, 206(m56), 207(n9)
Chartres Cathedral (1933) 138, 145, 158
The Village (1923) 144, 160
The Pastry-Cook (ca. 1922) 138, 146, 161
The Waiter (ca. 1928) 138, 146, 162
Spain x, 113, 128–36, 140–41, 155
Spanish Civil War 124, 129–36
Speer, Albert 158
Spengler, Oswald, Der Untergang des Abendlandes (1918) 85
Stalin, Josef 135
Stalinism 76, 184(n45)
Stalinist Russia 198(n60)
Stein, Gertrude and Leo 139
‘style colonial’ 117–18
style troubador 36
Subes, Raymond 91
Sue, Eugène 91
surrealists, surrealism ix, x, xi, 14–17, 62–4, 101, 102, 117–18, 126, 132, 147, 154, 157, 170(n21), 172(n31), 196(n36), 198(nn 57 and 60), 200(n81), 207(n7), 102
Survage, Leopold 72–3
Fishseller (1927) 86
Switzerland 127, 140
Tahon, Maurice 53
Tanguy, Yves 1, 16, 17
Mama, Papa is Wounded! (1927), 16–17, 17
From the Other Side of the Bridge (1936) 102
Tanguy, Yves, et al, Exquisite Corpse (ca. 1926) 105
tapestries 73, 110, 133, 160–63, 180(n126), 87, 117, 173, 174, 175, 176
exhibitions 110, 160–62
revival of manufacture 26, 160
Tardieu, André 9, 64, 65, 66, 80
Taylorism, see under America
technology xiii, 2, 14, 87
anti-technology ix, xi, 87
Terrier, Max 91
Thibaudet, Albert, La Republique des Professeurs (1927) 86
Tranchant, M., Salon des Provinces Françaises (1944) 171
Tréboul 3
Tunisia 110
Uhde, Wilhelm, Picasso et al Tradition française (1928) 152
Umbdenstock, Gustave 89–90, 91
Cours d’architecture (1930) 89
Union des Arts Décotatifs Modernes 95
Union Nationale des Artistes Modernes (U.A.M.) 91, 93, 95, 121
Union Sacrée 108, 148
Utrillo, Maurice 6, 48–9, 57, 123, 137, 145, 201(n5)
Notre-Dame de Paris (ca. 1920) 30, 32
Town Hall with Flag (1924) 55
La Maison Bernot (1924) 57, 66
Vaillat, Léandre 26–7
Valadon, Suzanne 48
Valéry, Paul, Regards sur le monde actuel (1931) 87
Vallois, Georges 64, 98, 191(n60)
Vanderpyl, Fritz 138–9, 148, 149, 152, 157
Peintres de mon époque (1931) 152
L’Art sans patrie (1942) 157
Varagnac, André 122
Varenne, Gaston de; quoted 7
Variétés 143
Vaudrac, Charles 88
Vaugeois, L. 181(n142)
“Ti Breiz” Brittany Pavilion, 1925 Exposition 71
Vauxcelles, Louis x, 6, 19, 26, 38, 39, 47, 50, 138, 139, 141
quoted 140, 142, 144
Velazquez, Diego 132
Vera, André: quoted 118
Verdun 28
vernacular architecture 3, 23, 24, 26, 27, 59, 74, 75, 91, 96–7, 111, 112, 115, 121, 131
Versailles Treaty 132
Vézelay 33
Vichy (regime) ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, 39, 155–63
villes martyres 28, 175(n64)
Vincennes 114, 118
Vivin 123
Vlaminck, Maurice de x, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 47, 50, 145, 158, 164(n10), 208(n11)
quoted 56
Village Road (1917–18) 5
The Fourteenth of July (1925) 56, 65
Poliment (1931) 88
Vollard, Ambroise 138
Vu 147, 165
Wall Street Crash (1929) 81, 82, 88
war memorials 8, 17, 30–31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38
see also under Franco-Prussian War
Waroquier, Henri de 9, 199(n63)
Entrevaux-sur-Var (1920) 9, 12
Weill, Berthe 142
Weimar Republic ix, 20, 79, 119, 128, 169(n5)
Werth, Leon 58
West Indies 105, 107
Winter, Pierre 99–100
World War I and its aftermath ix, xiv, 7–21, 23, 25, 29, 41, 77, 137
destruction of French art and architecture 8, 28–9
trenches 11–17, 18, 41, 13 see also war memorials
World War II 133, 155–63, 171(n25)
xenophobia x, xiii, 87–8, 89, 90, 93, 137–54, 158 see also anti-Semitism
Zadkine, Ossip 36, 137, 140, 143, 144, 202(n12), 203(n20), 206(n56), 207(n9)
Saint Sebastian (1929) 40
Zadkine, Ossip, et al, La Pergola de la Douce France (1925) 39
Zay, Jean 123
Zervos, Christian 102, 138, 153
Zingg, Jules 25, 26, 160
Auvergne (1924–7) 52, 27