Index

Ambiguity and confusion, 6, 19, 20–21, 23, 46–47, 99, 107, 111, 121, 126, 131, 145–46, 147, 187nn83–85. See also Avant-garde art; Glimpse pictures; Narrative; Stereotypes

Ancourt, Edward: “Au boulevard” (“On the Boulevard”), 101

“Sur le boulevard” (“On the Boulevard”), 96, 98

Anti-Semitism, 48, 163n40

Apparel. See Clothing; Fashion

Atelier des modistes (Millinery Shop), 118, 119, 121

Augier, Emile, 2

Avant-garde art: prostitution as a characteristic theme, 1–3, 5–9, 16, 26, 27, 33, 69, 113, 116, 121, 126, 128, 130–31, 134, 138, 144, 152–53, 170n73

and narrative, 3, 6, 33, 107, 126

male perspective, 6, 7, 20, 112, 152, 159n56

glimpse pictures, 6, 26, 27, 33, 35, 107, 122, 124, 131, 150

documentary accuracy, 27, 35, 124, 126, 128, 152

ambiguity, 35, 99, 111–12, 124, 138, 144, 147, 150–53, 187n83

and nudes, 85–87. See also Modern life

Baedeker, Karl, 94–95, 96

Ballu, Roger, 86–87

Balsamo, 85

Balzac, Honoré de, 2, 33, 67, 181n154

Barriere, Théodore, 2

Baudelaire, Charles, 2, 7–9, 19, 58, 69, 75

Beauvoir, Simone de, 9, 58–60, 63, 158n45

Bédollière, Ε. de la, 178m 31

Benjamin, Walter, 7–9

Béraud, Jean, Brasserie, 138, 159

Bernadille, 106

Bernard, Emile, 49

Bertall (Charles Albert Arnoux), 78, 79

Blanchard, Edouard Théophile, Le Bouffon (The Buffoon), 85, 86

Bodies, of prostitutes: distinguishing characteristics, 20, 42–44, 47–48, 50, 55, 69, 106

in Degas, 28, 36, 3g, 40, 43–44, 47–48, 50–51, 55, 108, 164n55

in Forain, 41

in Manet, 69–70

and corsets, 89. See also Faces; Nudes and nudity; Sexuality

Boldini, Giovanni, Conversation au café (Café Conversation), 103, 105

onaparte, Mathilde, 88

Boulanger Affair, 12

Boulevards, 28, 65, 82, 92–96, 103, 120, 124, 142, 178–79nn131–32, 179n135, 184n37

Bourgeoisie, bourgeois, middle class: sexual morality, 11–12, 14

sexual ideals, 19

shopping, 63–64

family model, 114–16. See also Class; Commodification; Working class

Brasseries à femmes: in art, 5–6, 142–47, 150–52, 186n71, 187n81

clandestine prostitution, 6, 133–34, 138–42, 147, 150, 184n37, 185n49, 185n59. See also Cafés

“Bréda Street,” 90, 91

Brothels: regulation of, 10, 12

numbers of, 12, 13, 28

deluxe, 19, 28–29, 35–36, 161–62n21

prostitutional styles in, 28–29, 35–36, 40, 161–62n21

maisons populaires, 28–29, 134, 162n21

prostitutes’ dress in, 29, 35, 36, 92, 160n10, 162n21

layout of, 29, 36, 160n12

social interactions in, 29–30, 33, 35–36, 46–47

brasseries as, 139–41. See also Prostitution

Buland, J. E., Deux ans à la ville [retour aprés] (The Return after Two Years in the City), 96, 98

Buttocks, 50–51, 55

Cabanel, Alexandre, 82

Cafés, 94, 96, 99, 101, 103, 107, 138, 143. See also Brasseries à femmes

Caillebotte, Gustave, 103

Camescasse, Jean, 140

Capitalism, 8. See also Bourgeoisie; Commodification

Cardon, Emile, 19, 85

Caricatures, 6, 96. See also Popular art; individual artists

Castagnary, Jules, 17, 19

“Ces dames et l’Exposition” (“These Women and the Exposition”), 92

Cézanne, Paul: sexual feelings, 16–17, 19, 23, 26, 159n53

contemporary criticism, 17, 19

—works: L’eternal féminin (The Eternal Feminine), 23, 24

Une Moderne Olympia (A Modern Olympia) (1869–70), 5, 16, 17, 20–21, 23, 152

Une Moderne Olympia (A Modern Olympia) (1872–73), 5, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 41, 152

Olympia (1877), 5, 21, 22, 23, 152

La Toilette de la courtisane (The Courtesans Toilette), 23, 25, 26

Charpentier, Georges, 133

Clandestine prostitution: increase in, 2, 7, 12–13, 19, 35

courtesans, 2, 19

millinery shops, 6, 113, 120–21, 126, 128, 130

brasseries à femmes, 6, 133–34, 138–42, 147, 150, 184n37, 185n49, 185n59

and regulationism, 12–13, 14–15, 46, 94, 120–21, 133–34, 140, 185n49

in literature, 118. See also Courtesans; Prostitution

Class: of prostitutes’ customers, 1, 11–12, 28, 47

boundaries blurred by prostitution, 2, 7, 12, 72

working-class women and prostitution, 6, 14, 15, 75, 90, 91, 92–93, 108, 115, 117–18, 131, 153

distinctions and female sexuality, 13, 15, 128

stereotypes, 48

indicated by clothing, 56, 59, 64, 91–92:

and propriety of women’s work, 113–14. See also Bourgeoisie; Working class

Clients. See Customers; Men

Clothing: in brothels, 29, 35, 36, 92, 160n10, 162n21

indicates social class, 56, 59, 64, 91–92

to designate prostitutes, 56, 108, 165n5, 180–81n151

and sexuality, 58–59, 64–65, 72, 91, 167–68n43

of courtesans, 59–60, 62–64, 65, 67, 74–75, 91–92, 167–68n43. See also Corsets; Department stores; Fashion; Hats; Underwear

Coindre, Gaston, “Le Ridicule” (“Ridicule”), 59, 92

Commenge, Octave, 116

Commodification: sexual marketplace, 7, 19, 23

prostitution and, 7–10, 33, 35, 39–40, 41–42, 70, 147, 150

in modern life, 8–9, 35, 131, 144, 150, 152–53

in art, 28, 33, 35, 39–40, 46, 50, 150. See also Bourgeoisie

Commune, Paris, 7, 12, 94, 96

Confusion. See Ambiguity

Consumption. See Commodification; Department stores; Fashion

Contraception, 5

Conventional art. See Pompier art; Popular art; Salon art

Coquiot, Gustave, 128

Corsets, 69, 70, 75–76, 78–79, 83, 89–92, 108, 169n71, 171n91, 178n128. See also Clothing; Fashion; Underwear

Coté, Hippolyte, “Croquis parisien” (“Paris Sketch”), 99

Courbet, Gustave, Les Demoiselles des bords de la Seine [été] (Young Ladies on the Banks of the Seine [Summer]), 2, 3, 6

Courtesans: as clandestine prostitutes, 2, 19

clothing of, 59–60, 62–64, 65, 67, 74–75, 91–92, 167–68n43. See also Clandestine prostitution; Prostitutes

Couture, Thomas, 2, 172n94

Customers: social class of, 1, 11–12, 28, 47

feelings of, 46–47 (see also Desire). See also Brothels; Men

Dagnan-Bouveret, Pascal-Adolphe-Jean, Repos à côté de la Seine (A Rest by the Seine), 118, 119

Daudet, Alphonse, 133

David, Paul, “Boulevardiéres” (“Boulevard Women”), 101

Degas, Edgar: date of brothel monotypes, 5, 27, 156n10;

elliptical treatment of prostitution in public works, 6

milliner pictures, 6, 116, 121, 128–30, 183n33

brothel monotypes, 27, 30, 33 35–36, 39–42, 44, 46–51, 55, 152, 159–60n1, 163n32

construction of the body, 28, 36, 39, 40 43–44, 47–48, 50–51, 55, 108, 164n55

literary influences, 29, 33

his sexuality, 48–50, 163n32, 163–64n43

and Gervex, 87–89, 177n116

and narrative, 103, 106–07, 109, 111–12, 128, 130, 181n152

—works: Absinthe, 146

L’Atelier de la modiste (The Millinery Shop), 129–30

L’Attente (Waiting), 51

L’Attente (Waiting), 108, 109

L’Attente (Waiting for the Client), 36, 37, 39

Au Café (Café Scene), 108, 111

Au Salon (In the Salon), 39, 40

Chez la modiste (At the Milliner), 128–29, 129

Le Client (The Customer), 20, 38, 39, 46, 47

Le Client sérieux (The Serious Customer), 34, 35, 46, 47, 51

Conversation, 51, 52

Dans le salon d’une maison close (In a Brothel Salon), 51

Deux femmes [scene de maison close] (Two Women [Scene in a Brothel]), 51, 54

L’Entremetteuse (The Procuress), 51, 53

Femme dans un café (Woman in a Café), 99, 101

Femmes devant un café, le soir (Women on the Terrace of a Café in the Evening), 103, 106, 106–09, 110, 111–12, 181n152, 181n154

La Fête de la patronne (The Madams Name Day), 44, 45

La Fille Elisa notebook drawings, 29–30, 30, 47

Le Repos (Repose), 32, 33

Repos sur le lit (Resting on the Bed), 46, 47, 47

Delacroix, Eugène, 16

Demi-monde. See Courtesans

Department stores, 58, 63–64. See also Fashion

Desboutin, Marcellin, Fille de Brasserie, 147, 149

Desire: male, and sexual needs, 12, 13, 16, 158n45

simulated by prostitutes, 19, 26, 28–29, 35, 36, 41, 134, 147, 150

male, ambivalence of, 71–72

female, deviance of, 90

and spectatorship, 161n20. See also Fantasy; Sexuality

Deviance, sexual, 9–10, 11, 13, 15, 19, 33, 48, 55, 71, 72, 90, 92. See also Sexuality

Divorce, 63, 181n2. See also Marriage

Double standard, 11–12, 13, 15, 114–15

Draner, Jules (Jules Renard), Au salon (At the Salon), 41, 42

Drinking: by prostitutes, 96, 99, 101, 140, 180n142

public concern about, 96, 140, 185n49

by respectable women, 101, 103

in brasseries à femmes, 133, 138, 140, 142, 144, 185n49

Duez, Ernest-Ange, 6

Splendeur (Splendor) and Misére (Misery), 65, 66, 67, 167–68nn42–43

Dumas, Alexandre fils, 2, 36, 62

Duranty, Edmond, 103, 106

Estaminets, 29. See also Brothels

Exhibitions: Salon, 2, 3, 65, 70, 75, 79, 83, 85, 88, 92, 96

Impressionist, 17, 48, 103, 1722n93

of Nana at Giroux, 69, 75, 1700n76

Manet’s, at La Vie Moderne, 75, 78–79, 142, 144, 170n76

of Rolla at M. M. Bague, 81

Exposition Universelle (1878), 28, 36, 92, 140

Faces, 23, 47–48, 69, 83, 128, 163n40. See also Bodies

Fantasy, 5, 17, 19, 20–21, 23, 26, 41, 91. See also Desire

Fashion: vehicle of power for women, 58–59, 74–75

of courtesans, 59–63, 65, 67, 69, 74–75, 92

leads to immorality, 60–61, 63–64, 67, 120

women compete via, 63

and corsets, 89–90, 91–92. See also Clothing; Department stores

Fau, Fernand, illustrations for Les Brasseries à Femmes de Pans, 138, 139

Fénéon, Félix, 88

Feydeau, Ernest, 2

Flaubert, Gustave, 2, 14

Flor, Charles, 140

Forain, Jean-Louis, 6

Le Client (The Customer), 40–42, 41, 47

Maison close (Brothel), 30, 31

Gamier, Jules-Arsène, Le Constat d’adultère (Proof of Adultery), 113, 114

Gervex, Henri, 6, 171–72n93

—works: Autopsie à l’Hôtel-Dieu (Autopsy at the Hospital), 177n116

Groupe à table (Group at Table), 103, 105,

Rolla, 5, 79, 80, 81–83, 84, 85–93, 152, 171–72nn93–94, 173n101, 173–76nn103–06, 177n122, 178n128

Gillot, “Fantaisies parisiennes” (“Parisian Fantasies”), 96, 98, 109

Giraud, Eugène, La Salle des pas perdus (The Hall of Missteps), 92

Glimpse pictures, 6, 26, 27, 33, 35, 107, 122, 124, 131, 150. See also Ambiguity; Avant-garde art; Narrative; Realism

Goetschy, Gustave, 78

Goncourt brothers, 2, 14

Edmond de, 5, 29, 33, 112, 133, 171n91, 180–81n151

Gonse, Louis, 167–68n43

Gonzalès, Eva, La Modiste (The Milliner), 116, 121, 131, 132

Grison, Georges, 94

Guyot, Yves, 11

Guys, Constantin, 2

Hadol, Paul, “L’Araignée du soir” (“Evening Spider”), 98, 99

Haenen, P. de, Paris qui s’en va—Le Cabaret du Père Lunette (Disappearing Paris—The Cabaret of “Papa Eyeglasses”), 72, 73

Halévy, Ludovic, 163n40

Hats, 74, 108, 165n5, 180–81n151. See also Clothing

Haussmann, Baron Georges, 2, 15

Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 5, 35, 42, 78, 79, 170n81

Ignotus, 63

Impressionism, group identity, 6, 172n93. See also Avant-garde art; Modern life

Impressionist exhibitions, 172n93

1874, 17

1877, 103

1881, 48. See also Exhibitions

Jacques, 106–07

Janmot, L., 67

July Monarchy, 1, 2–3, 12, 81, 172n94

Kemplen, Alfred Bichard, L’Assommoir illustrations, 96, 97

Labor, women’s: demand for, and prostitution, 1, 5

participation in the work force, 113, 115–16, 182n7

wages, 116, 118, 141

in brasseries, 133, 141. See also Milliners

Lecour, C. J., 12, 113, 118, 120

Lefèbvre, Jules Joseph; Femme couchée, étude (Reclining Woman, Study), 36, 36, 39, 51

Odalisque, 51, 54, 55

Liber, Jacques, 83, 85, 176n106

Literature, prostitution in: significance, 1–2, 5, 6, 7

connections with art, 26, 33, 70–73, 75

artists’ illustrations, 29, 73–74

clandestine, 118. See also Zola, Emile; and other individual writers

Louis-Philippe, 1

Lower class. See Working class

Lunel, Ferdinand: Brasseries le Bas-Rhin et le D’Harcourt, 138

La Brasserie Henri IV, 141

Macé, Gustave, 29, 43, 133, 142, 160n10, 162n21, 165n5, 178–79n132

Madams, 39, 44, 118. See also Brothels

Magasins-prétextes. See Clandestine prostitution; Milliners

Maisons. See Brothels

Make-up, 69. See also Fashion

Manet, Edouard, 88

treats prostitution elliptically, 6, 144

La Vie Moderne exhibition (1880), 75, 78–79, 142, 144, 170n76

—works: Un bar aux Folies-Bergère (A Bar at the Folies-Bergère), 5–6, 151, 151–52, 187nn 83–85

Les Bockeuses (Women Drinking Beer), 101, 102

Le Café-concert, 134, 137, 142, 144–47, 150, 187n81

Chez la modiste (At the Milliner), 116, 121, 126, 127, 128, 150, 183n31

Devant la glace (Before the Mirror), 75, 76, 78

La Femme à la jarretière (The Garter), 75, 77, 78–79

Nana, 5, 67, 68, 69–73, 75–76, 78, 79, 81, 92, 143, 152, 168n47, 168n54, 168n56, 169n71, 170n73, 170n76, 170n81

Olympia, 2, 4, 6, 16

La Prune (The Plum), 99, 100, 101, 180n142

La Servante de bocks (The Waitress), 142, 143, 145–46

La Serveuse de bocks (The Waitress) [London], 134, 135, 142, 143–44, 147, 150, 187n81

La Serveuse de bocks (The Waitress) [Paris], 134, 136, 142, 147, 150, 187n81

Mantz, Paul, 67, 167n43

Marriage, 5, 182n7. See also Adultery; Divorce

Martineau, L., 120, 134, 138–39

Marx, Karl, 156n15

Maupassant, Guy de, 5, 44, 46, 179n132

Men: define female sexuality, 11, 15–16, 91

needs and desires, 11–12, 14, 16, 19, 46

as spectators, 55, 69, 72–73, 91, 112, 118, 152, 153, 187n84

support women’s conspicuous consumption, 63, 70, 73

doctrine of separate spheres, 114. See also Customers; Sexuality; Women

Meuron, Alfred de, 11

Milliners, 6, 113, 116–18, 120–22, 124, 126, 128–31, 150, 183n33. See also Clandestine prostitution

Modern life: prostitution and, 1–2, 6, 7–9, 33, 35, 111–12, 126, 131, 134, 150, 152, 172n94

commodification, 8–9, 35, 131, 144, 150, 152–53

urban, 8, 9, 94. See also Avant-garde art

Monet, Claude, Boulevard des Capucines, 95–96

Monotypes. See Degas

Montaud, Henri de, 91

Montifaud, Marc de (Marie-Amélie Chartroule de Montifaud), 19

Moore, George, 183n33

Morel-Retz, Louis Pierre Gabriel Bernard. See Stop

Morland, Victor: “Ces petites dames” (“These Little Women”), 62

“Coupeau, Lantier, Mes-Bottes et cie.,” 117

“Scènes de la vie parisienne” (“Scenes of Parisian Life”), 92, 93, 117–18, 121

“M. Manet édudiant la belle nature” (“Mr. Manet Studying Beautiful Nature”), 79

Musset, Alfred de, 2, 81–82, 172n94, 173n98, 173–74n103

Napoléon Bonaparte, 1

Napoléon III, 2, 28

Narrative, 2–3, 6, 33, 65, 67, 103, 106–107, 109, 111–12, 124, 126, 152, 167n57, 167nn42–43, 181n152. See also Ambiguity; Glimpse pictures

Neo-regulationism. See Regulationism

Nudes and nudity, 23

in Salon art, 23, 36, 40, 41, 51, 82–83, 85–86, 88, 90, 91, 176n106, 177n122

Degas, 28, 36, 40

in brothels, 35, 36, 160n10, 162n21. See also Bodies; Clothing

“Occupations des fillettes,” 114, 115

Parent-Duchâtelet, A. J. B., 1, 43, 56, 116–17

Paris: prostitute population, 1, 2, 5, 7

migration to, 1, 94, 117

boulevards, 28, 65, 82, 92–96, 103, 120, 124, 142, 178–79nn131–32, 179n135, 184n37

rebuilding of, 28, 82

Paris, arts exhibitions in. See Exhibitions; Salon exhibitions

Paris Commune. See Commune

“Paris pendant l’Exposition” (“Paris during the Exposition”), 133, 134

Péladan, Josephin, 144, 186n75

Péry, “Les Cocottes” (“The Tarts”), 60, 62

Picasso, Pablo, 44, 48–50, 51, 108, 163n32;

Demoiselles d’Avignon, 5

Le 16 mars 1971 (March 16, 1971), 49

Pimps, 120, 141

Police, 1, 11, 140. See also Réglementation; Regulationism

Pompier art, 5, 6, 64–65. See also Salon art; individual artists

Popular art, 5, 138

illustrated press, 3. See also Caricatures; individual artists

Pothey, Alexandre, 106

“Prés du boulevard” (“Near the Boulevard”), 120, 121

Press censorship, 175n105

Prostitutes: number in Paris, 1, 2, 5, 7

stereotypes of temperament, 2, 42, 43, 44, 46

working-class women, 6, 14, 15, 75, 90, 91, 92–93, 108, 115, 117–18, 131, 153

sexual deviance, 9–10, 48, 72, 90, 92

temporary, 10

exhibition of desire by, 19, 26, 28–29, 35, 36, 41, 134, 147, 150

stereotypes of appearance, 20, 42–44, 47–48, 50, 55, 69, 106

faces, 23, 47–48, 69, 83, 128

childlike, 39, 42, 43, 44, 82

venal, 43, 44, 46, 60–61, 67, 81, 111, 118

sentimental, 43, 46

registered, 44, 116, 165n5

filles en carte, 56

distinctive clothing, 56, 108, 165n5, 180–81n151

competition between, 63, 65, 67, 142

friendship between, 101, 103, 106–07

earnings, 141. See also Brothels; Courtesans; Prostitution; and other individual topics

Prostitution: modern public problem, 1–2, 5, 6–7, 94

and social boundaries, 2, 7, 12, 72

and public morality, 2, 7, 14–15, 61, 67, 71, 72, 92–93

and the commodification of sexuality, 7–10, 33, 35, 39–40, 41–42, 70, 147, 150

a state not a job, 10–11, 42–43, 108, 111

changes in styles of, 12, ig, 28, 35, 40, 133–34

economic causes, 60, 81, 116–18, 120, 141, 179n132. See also Brothels; Clandestine prostitution; Customers; Prostitutes; Regulationism

Proud’hon, P. J., 114

Quidam, Jean (Douglas Jerrold), “Un monsieur qui suit les femmes” (“A Man Who Follows Women”), 56, 57

Raccrochage. See Solicitation

Racolage. See Solicitation

Realism: Degas, 27, 33, 40, 129

as modern goal, 27, 35, 124, 126, 128, 152

Manet, 144. See also Avant-garde art; Glimpse pictures

Réglementation (regulation of prostitution):

established, 1

debated, 7

function of, 11–12, 14

and clandestine prostitution, 12–13, 46, 94, 120–21, 133–34, 140, 185n49

of prostitute’s appearance, 56, 108, 165n5, 180–81n151

decline of official prostitution, 133–34. See also Abolitionism; Clandestine prostitution; Regulationism

Regnault, Félix, 138

Regulation of prostitution. See Réglementation; Regulationism

Regulationism: categorization of prostitutes, 10–11, 42–43

justifications for, 11–12, 43, 44, 46, 115

neoregulationism, 12–13, 94, 140. See also Abolitionism; Clandestine prostitution; Réglementation

Renard, Jules. See Draner, Jules

Rénault, Léon, 13–14

Renoir, Pierre Auguste, 6

L’Assommoir illustrations, 5, 73–75, 74, 169n68

Au Café (At the Café), 103, 104

Chez la modiste (At the Milliner), 116, 121–22, 125, 124, 126

Reuss, Louis, 62, 120–21, 139–40

Rivière, Georges, 103, 106, 108, 111

Robida, Albert, “Paris Nouveau” (“New Paris”), 138, 139

Salon art: narrative in, 3

exclusion from, 5, 67, 70, 75, 79, 83, 85, 88, 172n93, 176n106

nudes in, 23, 36, 40, 41, 51, 82–83, 85–86, 88, 90, 91, 176n106, 177n122. See also Pompier art

Salon exhibitions: 1857, 2

1865, 2

1874, 65

1877, 67, 70, 75, 92

l878, 3, 79, 83, 85, 88

1881, 96. See also Exhibitions

Sébillot, Paul, 78, 79, 87

Second Empire, 2–3, 6, 11, 12, 59, 74

Second Republic, 2

Servet, D., 62

Sexuality: instability, 6, 7, 13, 131, 152–53

marketplace, 7, 19, 23 (see also Commodification)

and women’s place, 9, 11, 158n45

deviance, 9– 10, 11, 15, 15, 19, 33, 48, 55, 71, 72, 90, 92

prostitution as public, 11

increase in, 13

women’s responsibility for men’s 13–14

artistic containment of, 26

and fashion, 58–59, 64

corsets and, 90–91, 178n128. See also Desire; Men; Women

Shopping. See Department stores; Fashion

Simmel, Georg, 7–9, 58, 64, 70

Smoking: by women, 96, 180n142

in brasseries, 141

Solicitation: in brothels, 35–36, 41, 162n21

on the boulevards, 94, 96, 179n132

in cafés and brasseries, 101, 111, 138–39, 140, 142

raccrochage, 111. See also Desire, simulated by prostitutes

Somm, Henri (François-Clément Sommier), La Serveuse de bocks (The Waitress), 147, 148

Spectatorship: male, 55, 69, 72–73, 91, 112, 118, 152, 153, 187n84

female, 161n20

gendered, 161n20

and desire, 168n47

“Sphinx, Le,” 87, 89

Stereotypes: prostitutes’ temperaments, 2, 42, 43, 44, 46

prostitutes’ bodies, 20, 42–44, 47–48, 50, 55, 69, 106

social classes, 48

women, 48

Jews, 48, 163n40. See also Ambiguity; Narrative

Stevens, Alfred, 88

Stop (Louis Pierre Gabriel Bernard Morel-Retz), Les Prêtresses de l'amour vénal (The High Priestesses of Venal Love), 60, 61, 67

Sue, Eugène, 2, 33

Tabarant, Adolphe, 143–44

Taverns. See Brasseries à femmes; Cafés

Third Republic, 6–7, 11, 172n94, 175n105

Tissot, James, 6

La Demoiselle de magasin (The Young Lady of the Shop), 124, 125, 126

Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, 3

Travel guides, 93–96, 178–79nn131–32, 179n135

Tricoche, Paris régénéré (Paris Regenerated), 7, 56

Turquet, Edmond, 172n93

Underwear, 69, 73, 75–76, 78, 86, 87–88, 169–70n71, 170n81. See also Clothing; Corsets; Fashion

“Une Modiste,” 118

Urville, Flévy d’, 13

Van Gogh, Vincent, 48, 49

Vély, Anatole, L'Amour et l'argent (Love and money), 3, 4

Verdi, Giuseppe, 2

Vollard, Ambroise, 44, 87–88, 177n116

Waitresses. See Brasseries à femmes; Labor

Weill, Alexandre, 85, 90

Women: difficulties telling “honest” from “loose,” 70, 43, 50, 56, 58, 64, 91–92, 150–52

opposition between “honest” and “loose,” 11, 13, 15, 43, 63, 114–15

infection of “honest” by “loose,” 14–15, 60, 61–63, 67, 74

stereotypes of, 48

consumption and power of, 58–59, 74, 165n9

legal status of, 113

paid work by, 113, 115–16, 182n7

doctrine of separate spheres, 113–15

self-definition, 116, 184n36. See also Men; Prostitutes; Sexuality; and other individual topics

Work. See Labor

Working class: women as prostitutes, 6, 14, 15, 75, 90, 91, 92–95, 108, 115, 117–18, 131, 153

agitation, 96. See also Bourgeoisie; Class

Worth, Charles Frederick, 59

Zola, Emile, 33, 65, 133, 139, 167n42

on sexual morality, 14

on fashion, 63, 64

—works: L’Assommoir, 5, 60, 69, 70–71, 73–74, 96, 117, 140, 169n68

Nana, 5, 69, 71–73, 74–75, 78, 168n56, 168–69n58

Thérèse Raquin, 2, 14

Previous chapter

Base text size -

Chapter images ()