Index

Anthropological Institute 4, 46, 88, 109, 115, 122, 127, 132, 136, 141, 166, 185, 212, 214, 227 n. 14; see also Journal of the Anthropological Institute; Man

anthropology: 6, 132, 149

criminal 205

and degenerationist thesis 43, 48, 52, 55–7, 61, 204

and ethnographic displays 117, 120

and hybridity 218

and imperialism 60, 111

missionaries’ relation to 166, 173, 183, 185

professionalisation of 3–4, 7, 62, 107, 109–10, 121, 124–5, 127–8, 133, 140, 203, 214–15, 217

and racial classification 141, 155

and spectacle 87–8

and use of photography 136

anthropometry 56, 122, 134, 204, 215

Anti-Slavery Reporter 33, 68, 79, 97

Anti-Slavery Society 14, 32–3, 36, 68, 77, 82–3, 215, 236 n. 19

Arab people: 170; see also The French Exhibition, Arab troupe at; International Fire Exhibition, ‘Assouan Village’ at

Araeen, Rasheed 220

archaeology 52, 58, 120–1

Armenia 34

Ashanti: 16, 30, 36

material culture, in ethnographic collections 142, 147, 169

people, racial stereotyping of 17; see also ‘Briton, Boer and Black’ exhibition, ‘Ashanti Village’ at; Crystal Palace, ‘Ashanti Village’ at; Stanley and African Exhibition, Ashanti culture displayed at

Auchterlonie, T.B. 14–15, 23

Australia 191–2; see also Aborginal Australians

Bacon, R.H. 19–25

Benin, City of Blood 19, 23–4, 46

Baker, Samuel 68

Balfour, Henry 48, 53–5, 110, 119, 125–6, 129, 143, 145–6, 149, 167–8, 212

The Evolution of Decorative Art 49–52; 119, 145; see also Pitt Rivers Museum

Bankfield Museum, Halifax 44

Barber, Karin 108

Barnes, I.H. 171–2

Barnum and Bailey’s Great Show (1897): ‘Arab Village’ in 87, 96

and Soudan, representation of 87, 103

Bean na hÉireann 210

the Beaubourg 218

Belgium 69

Benin: 13–16, 19–20, 37

as ‘degenerate’ 11–17, 23, 24, 28–9, 38, 48, 56

press response to 33–8

material culture of 7, 8, 22–8, 38–9, 43–8, 56–7, 61, 140, 146–8, 150, 199, 203

River region 29–30; see also bronzes, Benin; Ovonramwen, Oba of Benin; Phillips expedition; punitive expedition; under specific ethnographic collections

Benin City: 9–12, 14–15, 19–23, 25, 27–8, 31, 33, 36–7, 43, 197, 223

Benin, City of Blood (Bacon) 19, 23–4, 46

Benin, the Surrounding Country, Inhabitants, Customs and Trade (Pinnock) 29

Bennett, Tony 3

Bentley, William Holman 150

Bentley, William M. 177

Pioneering in the Congo 169–70

Berlin Museum fiir Volkerkunde 59, 60

Bernal, Martin, Black Athena 58

Bethnal Green Museum, London 49, 120

biology 3, 54, 97, 117, 122, 141

Birdwood, George 53–4

Black and White 19

Black History Week, poster 225

Blaize, Richard Beale 39–40

Blyden, Edward 38–41, 130, 200

body, representation of 12–13, 97, 101, 122, 134, 139, 140, 143–5, 155, 160, 207, 215, 246, n. 71

Boer War 56, 83, 86, 189

Boers 103

Boisragon, Alan 16–18, 22, 43

Booth, Charles 189

Boyle, Hon. Sybil 29

Bradford International Exhibition (1904): 65, 103

‘Somali Village’ at 97, 102, 107

Brazil 219

British Empire League 187

British Museum, ethnographic collections: 1, 68, 129, 130, 153, 167, 178, 185

of Benin material culture 17, 23, 25, 27, 43, 46–7, 56–61, 223–4

from the Congo 148

guidebook to 89

of South Seas material 170, 184

and the steamer fund 82

and use of anthropological questionnaires 132–3

and use of photography 138–9; viii, 224; see also Museum of Mankind; Read, Charles Hercules

British New Guinea 136, 139, 155

‘Briton, Boer and Black in Savage South Africa’ exhibition (1899–1900): 84, 205

‘Dinka Village’ at 100–1

‘Eskimo Village’ at 86

‘Soudanese Village’ at 85, 95–9 passim, 103

‘Zulu Village’ at 86–9, 93–4, 96–7, 103

bronzes, Benin: 8, 9, 22, 221–3, 224, 228 n. 1

aesthetic debate around 7, 11, 17, 23–7, 43–8, 55–6, 61, 146, 148, 197, 216

and imperial competition 60

proposed Egyptian origin of 28, 37–8, 57–9, 62, 229 n. 57; see also British Museum; Horniman Free Museum; Mayer Museum; Pitt Rivers Museum

Buchan, John, The African Colony 204

Préster John 203

Bulletins of the Liverpool Museums 24–5, 44, 141–2

Burton, Richard 24, 46, 68

‘Bushmen’ culture 52, 145–6, 153

Cambridge Museum of General and Local Archaeology and Ethnology 139

Canada 191–2, 219–20

‘The Spirit Sings: Artistic Traditions of Canada’s First Peoples’ (1988) 219

cannibalism 17, 184, 197

Chamberlain, Joseph 90

Christian World 183–4

Christianity: 41, 82, 95, 100, 165, 177, 183–4, 202; see also missionaries

Church Missionary Society 162, 165–8, 170–8

‘Africa and the East’ exhibition (1909) 165, 175, 178

Churchill, Winston 163

Cleary, Edwin 90, 92

Cockburn, John 191

Coleman, James 203

colonialism: 1, 5, 7

and anthropology 3, 6, 121

Belgian 69

British 4, 7–28, 30–8, 52, 69, 80–1, 105, 107, 109, 131–2, 144, 191, 193, 196–8, 200–1, 203

as civilising force 2, 16–17, 29, 100

and evangelical missions 161–86

French 38, 191, 193–5, 198, 200–1, 206–7

German 38

Portuguese 46

as source of degeneracy 39, 40–1, 55

Colley March, H. 48, 152

Comité National des Expositions Coloniales 202

Congo: 66, 130, 132, 169

anthropological data from 133

material culture of 46, 52, 70, 147–8, 150, 155, 157, 170, 184–5, 233 n. 35; see also specific ethnographic collections; Stanley and African Exhibition, Congo material displayed at

Cook, Thomas 64

Crete 34

criminology 138; see also anthropology, criminal

Crowther, Samuel, Bishop 29, 39, 167, 176

Crystal Palace: 63

‘Ashanti Village’ at 86–8, 202

Da Gama, Vasco 37

Da Rocha, Moses 34–6, 38

Dahomey 16–17, 36, 47, 115, 157, 202

‘Dahomey Village’ 96

Daily Mail 197, 199

Daily Telegraph 103

Dalton, O.M. 27, 46–7, 56–7, 58–60, 110

Davin, Anna 93

Day of the Dead 58

de Moraes Farias 108

degeneracy: 39–42, 213

of Benin 11–15, 23–4, 28–9, 38

and criminology 138

and eugenics 122, 204, 216

degenerationist thesis 43, 48–57, 153–4, 232 n. 18

diaspora 220

Earl’s Court 65, 85–7, 91, 96, 103, 202

Edinburgh Evening News 34

Edo peoples: 9, 57

‘degeneracy’ of 10, 12, 22–3, 38, 56

material culture of 24–7, 46–7, 52; see also Ovonramwen, Oba of Benin

education 111–12, 123–7, 154–5, 157–8, 164–6, 170, 205, 221

Egypt 28, 37, 38, 57–9, 62, 103, 139

Egyptology 57–9, 62

Elliott, W.A. 140

Empire Educational League 124, 126

English art 55–6

English Illustrated Magazine 170, 185, 171

Eskimo culture 55, 153; see also ‘Briton, Boer and Black’ exhibition, ‘Eskimo Village’ at; Inuit culture

ethnography: 5, 22, 52–3, 60, 87, 109, 130, 132, 214–15, 217, 219, 223

and degenerationist thesis 61

and evolutionism 149–150, 156

for general reader 19, 21

in Germany 139

and missionaries 166, 184

professionalisation of 4, 57; see also museums, ethnographic collections in

Catalogue of Ethnographical Specimens 158–9

eugenics 3, 56, 93, 97, 121–2, 204, 215–16, 238 n. 53

evolutionism: and construction of African history 47

and eugenics 122

in organizing ethnographic material 43, 49–52, 54, 117, 120, 127, 129, 133, 146, 149, 150–1, 154, 160, 177, 215

and racial types 81, 162, 204–5; see also degenerationist thesis

exhibitions, colonial: 64, 108, 112, 178, 214

catalogues for 71, 74–6

as dramas 85–98

passim 103, 107, 182

and feminism 99–100, 207, 211

and hybridity 217–21

and imperialism 63, 101, 105–6, 127, 189–91, 193, 195–7, 200

international 65

and miscegenation 91–3, 102; and national culture 187, 212–13

and ‘pavilions’ 191–2, 196

and ‘trophy’ format 71, 197–8

use of scientific data in 66, 81, 88, 204

vested interests in 68

and ‘villages’ 96, 113, 180, 191–2, 200, 202–3, 205, 207–8, 210; see also missionary exhibitions; specific exhibitions

exile, colonial policy of 32, 35

Eyo, Ekpo 223

feminism 99–100, 121, 207; see also Suffragettes

fetishes 131–2, 147–8, 170, 176, 184–5

Fiji 191

Fillis, Frank 92, 102

fine art 217, 232 n. 1; see also aesthetics

First World War 1, 2, 60, 154, 162

Fletcher, A.E. 35, 40–1, 184

Flinders Petrie, W. M. 58

folk culture 212

Forbes, H.O. 24–5, 44, 45

Foucault, Michel 6

Fox Bourne, Henry 33, 90

France 4, 5, 58, 187, 188–9

Franco-British Exhibition (1908): 188–90, 198–9

‘Algerian Pavilion’ at 191, 193, 200

‘Ceylonese Village’ at 191, 195, 212

Indian Pavilion’ at 191, 193, 195–6

‘Irish Village’ at 191–2, 207–13

‘Palace of Women’s Work’ at 211

racial hierarchy organising 197

’Science Pavilion’ at 204–5

‘Senegalese Village’ at 191–2, 200, 202–3, 205, 207, 212

Southern Nigeria represented at 191, 197–8, 200, 203

‘Tunisian Pavilion’ at 191–3, 200, 205; 188–92, 194–6, 198–9, 201–2, 206, 208–11, 213

Frazer, James 166, 184

The Magic Bough 133

Freire-Marreco, Barbara 157

The French Exhibition (1890), Arab troupe at 85, 87, 93, 97, 101, 103

Fryer, Peter 85

Gabon 142

Gaelic Revival 209–10

Gallwey, Henry 9–11, 19–20, 22, 32

Galton, Francis 56, 122

Gambia 168, 191, 197–8

Garcia Canclini, Nestor 221

Germany 4–5, 59–60, 77–8, 110, 130, 139, 189

Gilroy, Paul 220

Gold Coast 147, 169, 191, 197

Gold Coast Leader 30

Gramsci, Antonio 6

Graphic 19–20

Great Benin (Ling Roth) 21

Great Exhibition (1851) 63–4

Greater Britain Exhibition (1899): representation of Ndbele at 101

‘Savage South Africa’ at 89–90, 92, 107

Green, Jeff 85

Guardian 1–2

Haddon, Alfred 48–9, 52–6, 110, 124, 129, 154–5, 157, 166, 203–44

Introduction to Primitive Religions 184

The Study of Man 141

Haggard, Rider 87

Hainard, Jacques 221

Haldane, Viscount 127, 130

Hamid Ibn Mohammad 68, 82

Handbook for Folklore 133

Harmsworth History of the World 205, 204

Hartley, Harold 100

Hausa people 157, 166

‘Hidden Peoples of the Amazon’ (1985) 219

Hider, W.J. 150

Hinduism 14, 170, 177

Hitchins, Robert, The Garden of Allah 193

Hobson, John Atkinson 63, 65, 187

Hollis, A.C. 147

Holmes, William Henry 48, 139, 233, n. 19

Holmes, J. 184

Horniman, Frederick J. 68, 113, 118, 150

Horniman Free Museum: 68, 110, 113, 129, 170, 183

Benin collection at 23, 26–7, 150, 152

Congo material at 150, 155

and display of ethnographic material 115–17, 151–9

and education 154–5, 157–8

and imperialism 155–6

public access to 114, 124; 26, 114–16, 150–3; see also Haddon

human sacrifice 10, 14, 17, 22, 26, 30, 34, 36, 47, 115

hybridity 40, 58, 217–21, 257 n. 3

Ibo tribes 172

Illustrated London News 11, 12, 14–15, 17, 19–21, 26, 68, 78, 105; 12–13, 15–16, 18–20, 26, 104–6

idol worship 168–72, 177–8

imperialism 2, 6, 111, 117, 120, 122–4, 126–7, 187, 216, 226 n. 7

and anthropology 4, 43, 60

British, in Africa 4–5, 33, 82–3, 85, 102, 107, 155–6, 200

and missionary societies 162

social 189, 190–1, 214

and spectacle 63–4, 85; see also anthropology, and imperialism; exhibitions, colonial, and imperialism; Horniman Free Museum, and imperialism

India: and anthropology 109, 136

ethnographic collections and 52, 115, 139

material culture of 53, 155

missionary societies and 14, 161; see also Franco-British Exhibition, ‘Indian Pavilion’ at

Indian Rights groups 219–20

Independent Labour Party 191, 215

Indochina 191

International Fire Exhibition (1903), ‘Assouan Village’ at 96

International Horticultural Exhibition (1892) 97, 103

Inuit culture 5

Ireland 55, 215; see also Franco-British Exhibition, ‘Irish Village’ at

Islam 14, 177

Itsekiri People 9–11, 32

Jackson, John Payne 31, 35, 38, 199–200, 203

Jaja, Chief of the Opoba 32, 35–6

Japan 65, 139, 189

Johnson, Charles 89, 91–2, 95

Johnston, Harry 34, 205, 207

Jones, Alfred 130, 136

Journal of the African Society 132

Journal of the Anthropological Institute 46

Journal of the Museums Association 113

Joyce, T.A. 110, 132–3

Keane, Alfred H. 155

Ethnology 141

Man, Past and Present 141

Kemp, Dennis 169, 172, 177

Kingsley, Charles 146

Kingsley, Mary 14, 41, 146

Kiralfy, Imre 65, 92, 100, 188

Kuba culture 52, 70

Lagos Weekly Record 30–1, 35–9, 197–8, 200, 230 n. 15

Lang, Andrew 184

League of Empire 113

life-pictures 86

Linfors, Bernth 85

Ling Roth, H. 22, 27, 44–6, 57, 60

Great Benin 21, 46

Liverpool County Museum see Mayer Museum

Liverpool Courier 39

Liverpool Derby Museum 174

Liverpool Post 200

The Living Races 155

Livingstone, David 157

London Missionary Society 148, 162–4, 168, 170, 172, 175–6, 179, 183–5; 76, 175

‘Orient in London’ exhibition (1908): 163–4, 175, 178–9

‘African Village’ at 180

‘Hall of Religions’ at 183, 204; 176, 179–83

Lubicon Cree Indians 219–20

Macdonald, Claude 10, 30

MacDonald, Ramsay 31

Mackinnon, William 68

Malinowski, Bronislaw 166, 203

Man 132, 185

Manchester Museum 124

Marett, R.R. 184

Masai culture 147

‘Matabele Wars’ 104–6

Mayer, Joseph 129

Mayer Museum, ethnographical collections: 120, 124, 129–132, 174

of Benin material 23–5, 44, 148

of Congo material 148, 150

education and 140

racial typography and 139–42, 143

use of photography in 136–9, 24

Merriman Labour, A.B.C., Britons Thru’ Negro Spectacles 107

Military Exhibition (1901) 86, 99, 103

miscegenation 41, 90–1, 102, 207, 216

missionaries: 186

and education 166

history of 176

and home missions 161–3, 167, 227 n. 13

and Islam 14, 177

as source of ethnographic collections 150, 158, 172; see also Church Missionary Society; London Missionary Society

missionary exhibitions 162–5, 167, 170–86, 249 n. 29, 251 n. 72

modernism 5, 218, 221

Moor, Ralph 10, 60

Mudimbe, V.V. 186, 231 n. 63

museums: 1, 2, 221

communication between 110–11

education in 111–13, 122, 126–7, 166

ethnographic collections in 3–5, 17, 44, 48, 52, 59–62, 82, 109, 117, 120–1, 123, 129, 132, 139, 158–9, 177, 203–4, 214

folk 212

and imperial ideology 43, 124, 160–1, 215

and missionary collections 168–73; see also specific museums

Museum of Mankind 218–19, 223, 222

Museums Association 110–12, 115, 117, 119, 122–3, 126–7, 130, 240 n. 15

Museums Journal 123–4

Nana, Governor of Benin River region 10–11, 31–2, 34–6

National Gallery 123

nationalism: African 31–2, 35, 38, 40–1, 108

British 60, 123

Irish 55, 210–11

naturalism 48–9, 55–6,

Nature 25

Naval and Military Exhibition (1901) 87–8

Ndebele people 101, 103

Neville, George W. 31, 38, 46, 197, 199

New Zealand 191–2

The New Age 30, 33–6, 40–1

Niger Coast Protectorate see Benin Nigeria: 9, 130, 132, 166

material culture of 74, 76, 157, 202

religious practices and 148; see also Franco-British Exhibition, Southern Nigeria represented at; ‘Treasures of Ancient Nigeria’ Exhibition

North Africa 192, 207, 218; see also specific countries

North America 4, 189

Notes and Queries on Anthropology 133–6, 138; 134–5

Nugkuag, Evaristo 219

Oceanic culture 5, 148

Olympia see Earl’s Court

Ominayak, Bernard 219

oral history 57, 61

orientalism 14, 192

Ovonramwen, Oba of Benin 9–11, 15, 19, 29–31, 33–6, 57

Papua New Guinea 52, 54, 152

Paris Worlds Fair (1900) 91, 193

Pasha, Emin 66, 68, 77, 82

Pearson, Karl 56, 122

Phillips expedition 10–11, 16, 23, 27, 31, 34, 38, 59

photography 19–20, 96, 136–9; 137–9

Physical Deterioration Committee 122, 163, 216

Pinnock, James 20, 30–1, 38, 41, 140

Benin, the Surrounding Country, Customs and Trade 29

Pitt Rivers, Lieutenant-General 49–50, 53, 120–1, 124–5, 146

Antique Works of Art from Benin 46

The Evolution of Culture and Other Essays 149; 50–1, 118

Pitt Rivers Museum, ethnographic collections: 110, 125, 129, 150, 159, 167, 168

of Ashanti culture 147

of Benin material 23, 146–8

classification of 117–21, 142, 149, 151, 156

of Congo material 147–8

and education 143, 154, 157

of South African material 145–6, 148

visiting public and 124, 126; 143–4, 147; see also Balfour, Henry

polygamy 14, 41, 99

popular culture, and representation of Africa: 3, 6, 7, 81, 85, 87, 107, 203, 205

and spectacle 63, 66; see also Benin, British popular representation of

Porter, Bernard 32

Portman, Maurice Vidal 138

Portugal 37, 45–6, 57

the post-colonial 217–18, 220, 225, 257 n. 2

primitivism: in art 5, 53–4, 227 n. 16

constructed by colonial discourse 55–6, 89, 120, 146, 156, 184, 187, 212–13

Primrose League 124

punitive expedition 9, 11, 17, 19–20, 23–4, 36, 38, 43–4, 59–60, 62, 146; 8, 13, 16, 18–21

queen mother 47, 47

Quick, Richard 26–7, 153–4, 157

race: 5

classification of 3, 155, 192, 205

ideology of purity of 2, 54–7, 93, 102, 216, 217, 245 n. 28

stereotyping of 22, 85, 93–108, 127, 138–9, 140, 143, 149, 207, 215

and superiority 160, 187–9; see also body, representation of; women, African, representation of

Radcliffe-Brown 166, 203

Ranger, Terence 5, 107

Rattray, R.S. 147

Read, Charles Hercules 27, 46–8, 56–9, 68, 82

Handbook to the Ethnographic Collections 89

Reindorf, C.C. 38

History of the Gold Coast and the Asante 37

Reliquary 44, 172; 13, 44–5

Ridyard, Arnold 130–2, 136, 142

Rivers, W.H.R. 88, 134

Robinson, C.H. 166

Rochdale Observer 164

Roscoe, John 166–7

Roupell, E.P.S. 57

Rowntree, Seebohm 189

Royal Anthropological Institute see Anthropological Institute

Royal Geographical Society 85, 107, 136

Hints for Travellers 133

Royal Society of Arts see Society of Arts

Ruskin, John 55

Saleeby, Caleb 56

‘Savage South Africa’ troupe 89–93, 107; see also Greater Britain Exhibition

science, and representation of Africa: 3, 6–7, 63, 81, 85, 88, 97, 107, 203, 205, 214–15

and ethnographic collections 44, 62, 138; see also anthropology; Benin, scientific representation of

Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC) 1977 223

Semper, Gottfried 49

Der Stil in den Technischen and Tekonischen Künsten, oder Praktische Aesthetik 48

Senegal see ‘Briton, Boer and Black’ exhibition, ‘Soudanese Village’ at; Franco-British Exhibition, ‘Senegalese Village’ at; 84, 94–5, 98–9

Sharp, Cecil 212

Shephard, Ben 91, 93

Sierra Leone 29–30, 107, 230 n. 9

Sierra Leone Weekly News 30, 35, 197, 200

Sinn Féin 210

Sketch 195

slave-trade 14, 30, 33, 40, 46, 70, 77–83, 98, 115, 129, 162, 170, 176

Social Democratic Federation 123

socialism 30, 41, 123–4

Society of Arts 52–3, 63–4, 121, 149

Somalia 85

‘Somali Village’ 97, 102, 107

South Africa: 140, 204

material culture of, in ethnographic collections 148; see also ‘Briton, Boer and Black in Savage South Africa’ exhibition; Bushmen culture

South London Press 152

spectacle: and imperialism 63–4, 85, 87, 181–2, 203, 214–15, 219

and racial difference 3, 44; see also exhibitions, as dramas

Stanley, Henry Morgan 66–9, 77, 80–1, 83, 88

In Darkest Africa 82

Stanley and African Exhibition (1890): 66–8, 81, 197

Ashanti culture displayed at 71

boys from Swaziland 80, 82–3

catalogue for 74–6

Congo material in 72, 77

and representation of slave traffic 70, 78–80, 82–3

material culture from Tanganyika and 72, 77

viewer as spectator of 69

Yoruba culture displayed in 77, 67, 69–76, 78–9

Steadman, Philip 49

Steains, William 74–7

Stock, Eugene 173

Stolpe, Hjalmar 48

Studio 153

Sudan 66, 79, 85, 125, 130, 170; see also Barnum and Bailey’s Great Show; Soudan, representation of

Suffragettes 211, 215

Surrey House Museum see Horniman Free Museum

Swainson, J.H. 9, 20

Swaziland see Stanley and African Exhibition, boys from Swaziland

Tanganyika see Stanley and African Exhibition, material culture from Tanganyika

Thomas, Northcote 110, 234 n. 83

The Times 21, 66, 69, 71, 77–8, 90, 92, 101, 163–5, 183

Tongue, Helen 146

Torday, Emile 132–3, 148, 150, 185

tourism 193, 200

transculturation 40, 217–18, 220

‘Treasures of Ancient Nigeria’ (1983) 221

Tunisia see Franco-British Exhibition, ‘Tunisian Pavilion’ at

Turkey 34

Tylor, Edward Burnett 46, 55, 125–6, 166, 184, 203

Uganda 166

The Universal Exhibitions Guide and Industrial Review 64, 78

Urhobo people 9–10

Victoria and Albert Museum 123

Weeks, John H. 150

Werner, Alice 110

Wesleyan Missionary Society 168, 170, 172

West Africa: and colonialism 13, 39, 161

and cheap labour 29

and degeneracy 14–16, 38, 56

and ethnographic collections 130, 136, 140, 146, 148, 168

and exhibitions 191, 197, 198–9, 200, 207

material culture from 51–2, 59, 77

and missionaries 176–7, 202

nationalism in 38, 40–2

press in 30–31, 34–5, 36–7, 43–4, 230 n. 7; see also specific countries

White City 63, 65, 178, 188, 190

Whitehouse, A. A. 132

Whitley, John R. 65

Williams, Henry Sylvester 35

Wilson, David 223

Wolverhampton Exhibition (1902) 65

women: African, representation of 12–14, 25, 80, 96–101, 157, 178, 207, 237 n. 16

and feminism 99, 121

Irish 207–11, 256 n. 81

white, and miscegenation 91–3

Women of All Nations 208

‘Women’s Exhibition’ (1900) 89, 100

working classes: health of 122

and home missions 163

as museum public 114, 120, 123–4, 126–7

and social imperialism 190–1, 214

Yoruban people: 47, 169

material culture of 77, 147, 168, 182

and use of idols 172, 177–8, 182

zoology 70

Zulu people 86–97

passim, 101–3, 105, 115, 138; see also ‘Briton, Boer and Black’ exhibition, ‘Zulu Village’ at; ‘Matabele Wars’

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