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Index
Richard L. Kagan
Description: Urban Images of the Hispanic World: 1493–1793
Urban Images of the Hispanic World: 1493–1793
Index
Author
Richard L. Kagan
PublisherYale University Press
Copyright© Yale University 2000
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-21940
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Index
Numbers in italic refer to illustrations
Acapulco, 71, 75, 80, 81, 81, 153
Agállense Monastery, 201, 203
Agnese, Battista, 73
Mappamundi, 75
Alberti, Leon Battista, 20, 21, 25, 33, 34, 69, 169, 170
De Rei Aedificatoria, 10
Descriptio urbis Romae, 20, 20
Alcocer, Pedro, History of Toledo, 25
Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 14–15
Alfonso X, King of Castile and Leon, 10
Allard, Carel, 72, 84, 92, 92, 103, 104
Allegory of New Spam (anon.), 157–8, 161
altepetl, 39, 45, 48, 50, 52, 116, 117, 121, 211n
Alva Ixtlilóchitl, Fernando de, 48, 50
Alvarado, Pedro de, 26, 30
Alvarez de Piñeda, Alonso, 59
Alverez Reyero, Baltasar, 216n
Amau, Pascual, curaca of Chinchero, 133–4
Amazon River, 86
Amersfoot, 41
Amsterdam, 2, 103
as map publishing center, 71, 81–2, 82, 84, 92, 98, 153
view of, 2, 4
Anthonisz, Cornelius, View of Amsterdam, 2, 4
Antigua, 26, 30, 138, 138–9; see also Santiago de los Caballeros
Antonelli, Giovanni Battista, 76, 77
Apianus, Petrus, Cosmographicus Liber, 11, 12
Aquinas, St Thomas, 21, 28, 33, 69
On Kingship, 21
Aragón, map of, 59
Archivo General de Indias, Seville, 111, 121, 121, 123, 186, 215n
Arellano, José de, 217n
The Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, 165, 166
Arequipa, 138, 144, 146
view of, 126, 127
Argentina, ix, 121, 121–2
Arguim (West Africa), 39
Arias Dâvila, Pedro see Pedradas Dâvila
Arica, 86, 134
Aristotle, 10, 20–1, 24, 25, 26, 27
De Anima, 107
Arrieta, Pedro de, 167
Arzáns de Orsúa y Vela, Bartolomé de, History of Potosí, 186–8, 187, 190, 191, 194, 195, 196, 197–8, 219n
Arzáns de Orsúa, Diego de, 186
Asturias, map of, 60
Asunción (Paraguay), 31, 33–4
foundation of, 30, 31, 209n
Atahualpa, Inca ruler, 69, 112
atlases and travel books, 56, 56–7, 71–89, 91, 92, 94, 95, 98, 103, 109, 153, 211n, 213n
Atotonilco, sanctuary at, 146, 146–8
Augustine, St, 25, 69, 129, 184, 184–5
City of God, 21, 28
Avila, 25
ayllu, 181, 183
Ayora, Gil de, 25
Aztecs, 11, 25, 44, 45, 46, 65, 65, 66, 70, 90, 91, 97, 120, 148, 151, 152, 154, 209n
maps of, 47–9, 48, 49, 50–1, 52, 52
models of, 112–15
Bacon, Francis, 41
Ballino, Giulio, 90
Bandera, Damián de, 211n
Barbari, Jacopo de’, 23–4
View of Venice, 23, 23, 67
Barcelona, 25
Baron, Hans, 22
Bartholomew, St, 197
Bartolo, Taddeo di, 198
Belalcázar, Sebastián de, 30
Belén, Our Lady of, 131, 144, 181, 183
Bellini, Giovanni, 57
Belsunse y Salasar, Mariana de, portrait-view of, 135–6, 136
Benavente, Fray Toribio see Motolinia
Benzoni, Giroimo, 80
Berrio, Gaspar Miguel del, 192
Descripción del Cerro Rico y Potosí, 192–5, 193, 194
Berthius, Petrus, 103, 214n
Betanzos, Jerónimo de, 139
Betanzos, Juan de, 47
Bethlehem, 146
Beudeker atlas, 213n
Beverwijck (near Albany, NY), 40, 41
Bigges, Walter, 78, 80
biombos (folding painted screens), 153–6, 157–8, 156–9, 161, 217n
Biondo, Flavio, 20
bird’s-eye view, 2, 4
Bitti, Bernardo de, SJ, 132
Blaeu, Joannes, 153
Blaeu, Willem Janz, 81–2, 83, 91, 96, 98, 153
America Nova Tabula, 99
Blundeville, Thomas, 45
Boazio, Battista, 33, 72, 78, 80, 89
Bodin, Jean, The Six Books of the Republic, 10
Bogotá, 39, 124
Bolivia, ix, 141, 141, 195
Bologna, 5, 170
Boiswert, Schelte, 184–5
Life of St. Augustine, 185
Bonifacio, Domingo, 215n
Boot, Adrian, 152–3, 154
Acapulco, 82, 82
Bordone, Benedetto, Islario, 89, 89
Boston, 42
Botero, Giovanni, On the Greatness of Cities, 10
Bovier de Fontanelle, Bernard, 101
Bracciolini, Poggio, 20
History of Florence, 22
Brambilla, Fernando, View of Buenos Aires, 88, 89
Braun, Georg and Hogenberg, Franz, Civitates orbis terrarum, 1, 16, 90, 95–7, 96, 108
Brazil (New Holland), 39, 40, 82, 83, 83
Brooklyn, NY, 40, 41, 142
Bruni, Leonardo, 21–2, 24
buccaneers (pirates: Zee Roovers), 80–1, 81, 84, 85, 213n
Buenos Aires, 30, 31, 82, 88, 89
foundation of, 30, 122, 123, 215n
Buisseret, David, 8
Burton, Robert, 1
caciques (native rulers), 47, 62, 115, 116, 117, 117, 119, 123, 132, 163, 169, 198, 215n; see also curacas
Cajamarca, 112, 169
Calancha, Fray Antonio de la, 130, 141, 186, 195
California, 77, 186
Callao, El (port of Lima), 71, 80, 81, 126, 169, 177
Campeche (San Francisco de Campeche), 71, 83
Campeche, José de, Miguel Antonio de Uztáriz, 137, 137–8
Cañari, 177, 181, 182, 183
Candelaria, Our Lady of, 142, 144, 146, 219n
Cano, Martin, 215n
Capoche, Luis, 102, 186, 214n
Capón (Honduras), 113
Carabuco (Bolivia), ix
Caracas, 138
Our Lady of Light, 144, 145
Cardona, Nicolás de, 76–7
Acapulco, 78
Caribbean, 8, 28, 43, 55, 59, 73, 76, 76–7, 78, 78, 82, 85, 87, 129, 212n
Carolina, 83, 210n
Carpio, Diego de, General Juan de Landaeta, 134, 134–5
Martin de Landaeta, 134, 135, 135
Cartagena de Indias, 58, 78, 83, 85, 212n
plans of, 76, 77
Cartier, Jacques, 74
cartography see maps
Carvajal, Jacinto, 146, 216n
Casas, Fray Bartolomé de las see Las Casas
Caso, Alfredo, 118
casta painting, 158–9, 165
Castile, 26, 34, 59
Castilla de Oro (Panama), 36
Castillo, Alonso de, 10
Castillo, Diaz de, 215n
Castillo, Pedro de, 121–2
Castro, Joào de, 71
Castrorreina, 126
Castrovirreina, 124
Catari, Chaqui, 196
cavalier or equestrian view, 2
cave paintings, 141, 141, 216n
Cayma, Our Lady of, 144, 146
Cervantes de Salazar, Fernando, 44
Civitas Mexicus interior, Mexicus exterior, 25, 26
Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de, Don Quijote, 101
Chachapoya Indians, 177
Charles I, King of England, 42
Charles II, King of England, 4, 42, 83, 138
Charles III, King of Spain, 87
Charles V, Emperor, 30, 33, 36–7, 55, 64, 66, 67, 74, 75, 91, 98, 188, 189, 190, 198, 200
Charlestown (Mass.), 42, 210n
Chatelaine, Henri Abraham, Atlas historique, 93, 93
Chichimecs, 48, 117
Chihuantito, Francisco, Virgin of Monserrat, 133, 133–4
Chile, 83, 84, 84, 85
Chinchero, 133, 133–4, 177, 211n
Chirapaca (Bolivia), cave paintings, 141, 141
Cholula, 29, 39, 118, 215n
chorography, chorographic views, 9, 11–16, 12–15, 17, 57, 69, 71, 80, 90, 107, 108, 109, 118, 124, 153, 154, 172–3, 203
Christianity, Christianization, 26–7, 28, 36, 37, 38, 43, 62, 73, 91, 105, 109, 114, 115, 127, 128, 132, 138, 141, 152, 154, 156, 176, 181, 183, 186, 188, 195, 196
Chuquilapo see La Paz
Cicero, 19, 20, 24, 27
De officilis, 24
Cieza de Léon, Pedro, 69, 98, 128, 214n
Crónica de la conquista de Peru, 67–8, 68, 74, 102–3, 103, 112
city, vii, 9–18
defined, 9–10, 11, 16–17, 19, 20, 24
foundation of, 28, 29, 29, 30–1, 121–2, 123, 209n
as a holy community, 138–48
idea of, 19, 26, 73
“public images”, 17, 73, 167–8
Renaissance idea of, 19–25
Spanish gridiron or checkerboard plan for, 31, 33–4, 38, 149, 176, 194; see also civitas; individual cities; urbs
city views, vii, 109, 12–13, 18, 19, 21, 57, 60–1, 62, 67, 68, 92, 199–205, 211n
“administrative” or “colonial”, 111
angles of, 2, 5
in atlases and travel books, 71–89, 91
biombos, 153–6, 156–9, 157–8, 161
casta painting, 158–9, 165
civic, 148, 148
Creole, 130–2, 138
epic, 148–9, 149
Guaman Pomas, 122, 125, 126, 126–9
mestizaje paintings, 165
portrait-views, 132–8
types of, vii, 2–7
Ciudad Mariana de Santiago de Caracas see Caracas
Ciudad Rodrigo, 59
Civitas, the city as, 9–11, 15, 17–18, 19–26, 108, 109, 121, 122, 126, 130, 136, 150, 162, 163, 164, 174, 181, 183, 183, 188, 191, 203, 205, 208n
Christiana, 138, 139, 141, 175, 181
Coatacualco, 61
Cobo, Bernabé, 31, 34, 170
History of the New World, 170
Cochabamba, 189
Cocharcas, Virgin of, 142–4, 143, 217
Cock, Hendrick, 59
Mantua Carpetana heroice descripta, 59
Codex Mendoza, 46, 52, 52, 117, 154–5, 215n
Codex of Santa Maria Asunción, 49, 49
Codex Sigüenza (Mapa de Sigüenza), 215n
Codex Telleriano-Remensis, 50–1, 51
Codex Vindobonensis (Vienna Codex), 106, 116–17, 117
Codex Xolotl, 52, 53, 117
códices, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 60, 62, 115, 116–18
Coixtlahuaca Valley, 115
Cologne, view of, 108
Columbia, 30, 34
Columbus, Christopher, 28, 46, 55, 73, 75, 89, 91, 98
“Letter from America”, 73, 74
communicentric views, 9, 11, 16–17, 107–50, 153, 159, 171, 172–3, 174, 175, 183, 189, 198, 203
colonial, 121–50
indigenous, 112–21
Concepción, Diego de la, 162
Condamine, Charles-Marie de la, 88
Journal du voyage à la Equateur, 86, 86, 87, 87
Conklin, William, 112
Conquista de Mexico (anon.), 155–6, 158–9
Conquista y reducción … de San Pedro en Guatemala (anon.), 38, 38
Contarini, Giovanni Matteo, 73
Contreras y Vaiverde, Vasco de, 177
Relación de la ciudad de Cuzco, 177–8, 185–6
Copacabana, 141
Our Lady of, 131, 142, 143, 144, 219n
Coquimbo see La Serena
Cordova Salinas, Fray Diego, 170
Coro, 30
Corpus Christi Procession (anon.), 183, 183–4
The Corpus of Santa Ana (Procesión del Corpus Christi: anon.), 181, 182, 183
Cortés, Hernán, 33, 58, 64, 65, 65, 66, 68, 89, 91, 93, 93, 148, 152
and the conquest of Mexico, 28–9, 39, 58, 66–7, 73, 155
and maps, 46, 47–8, 49, 58, 59, 62, 64, 74, 89, 91, 92, 92
Cosa, Juan de la, 55, 211
Mapamundi, 55, 56, 212n
Cosimo III, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 153
cosmography, 11
Costa, Juan de, 24
Council of the Indies, 75, 76, 122, 171
Courte de la Blancharderie, Abbé, 175
Covarrubias, Sebastián de, 129, 130, 207n
Tesoro de la langua castellana, 11, 27–8
Covens and Mortier, Atlas Nouveau, 84, 92
Creoles, 11, 18, 26, 86, 118, 121, 129–37, 138, 149, 151, 152, 156, 157, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 170, 171, 174, 175, 176, 177–8, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 187, 188, 192, 205, 215n, 216n
in city views, 140, 158, 160, 162, 165
definition of, 129–30, 188, 115n
European attitudes towards, 131, 171
local identities of, 130, 131, 151–2, 171, 175, 178
portrait-views of, 134, 134–7
Cristina, Queen of Sweden, 82, 213n
Cuauhtinchán, map of, 117, 215n
Cuba, 8, 29, 66
Cuenca (Ecuador), 86, 86
Culhaucán, 154
Cumaná, 30
Cunningham, William, frontispiece to The Cosmographers Glass, 2, 4, 12–13
curacas, 181, 196
portrait-views of, 132, 133, 133–4, 216n; see also caciques
Cuzco, ix, 39, 47, 67–70, 80, 83, 95–101, 105, 111, 112, 124, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, 133, 150, 170, 171, 176–86
architecture, 47, 67–8, 79, 98, 128, 169, 176
cathedral, 176, 177, 178, 182, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186
conquest of, 176, 177
Corpus Christi procession, 181–4
Creoles in, 177–81, 180, 181, 183, 184, 186
earthquakes, 138, 176, 178–81
foundation of 30, 176
as Inca capital, 69, 70, 128, 176
model of 114–15
plan of 178
plaza mayor (Huacapayta), 68, 176, 179, 180, 183, 183–4, 185
Sacsayhuaman, Inca fortress, 68, 69, 185, 185–6
school of painting, 132, 133, 181
views of, 9, 62, 67, 68, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 90, 95–101, 127, 128, 178–86
Cuzco after the earthquake (anon.), 179, 179–81
Dâvila, Pedrarias, 31, 33
De alvina y español produce negro torna atrás (anon.), 158, 162
De Bry, Theodore, 80
Great Voyages, 33, 72, 78, 80, 81, 91, 97, 97–8, 99, 103, 212n
Dean, Carolyn, 181, 183
Dee, John, 16
Delft, 2, 3
derroteros (sailing charts), 75, 85, 213n
Díaz de Castillo, Bernal, 58
Díaz de Guzmán, Ruy, 31, 33–4
Diez Madroñera, Bishop Diego Antonio, 144
Dominicans, 169, 171, 172, 176, 180
Drake, Sir Francis, 33, 72, 76, 78, 80
Drake manuscript (Histoire naturelle des Indes), 78, 79
Durán, Fray Diego, 48
Dutch (Holland/Netherlands), 89, 91, 94, 103, 130, 153, 199
colonies, 39–41
as mapmakers, 59, 77, 81–4
Dutch East India Company (VOC), 80, 81, 82
Dutch West India Company (WIC), 40–1, 81, 82, 83, 153
Echave Ibía, Baltasar de, 132
Echave Orio, Baltasar de, 131, 132
Echave Rioja, Baltasar de, 132
Echave y Assu, Francisco, La estrella de Lima., 171
plan of Lima, 171–2, 172, 173–4
Ecuador, 86, 86
Eiximenis, Francese, 10, 25, 28, 207n
Regiment de la cosa pública, 25
Elizabeth I, Queen of England, 41
Elliot, James, The City in Maps, 8
Elliott, John, 74, 80
enconchado (shell collage), 166
England, English, 77, 78, 94, 130, 199
mapmaking, 84–5, 85
North American colonies, 41–3
Escalona y Calatayud, Juan José, Bishop of Valladolid, 141–2
Escorial Atlas, 56, 56–7, 211n
Esmatuayuacan, Map of, 54
Esquivel, Miguel de, The Giralda, 110
Esquivel, Pedro de, Map of Spain and Portugal, 56, 56–7
Europe, Europeans, 34, 71
mapmaking, 45, 46, 47, 53, 55, 62; see also individual cities
Exquelmelin, Alexander, Buccaneers of America, 81, 81
Faille, Jean-Charles de la, 59
Fakes, Marquis of Viceroy of New Spain, 131
Falda, Giovanni Battista, 5
Felieu de la Penya, Nicolás, 207n
Fer, Nicolas de, 95
Ferdinand V, King of Aragon, 28, 31, 33, 122
Ferrer, José, 162
Feuillée, Per Louis, 57–8, 85–6, 172
Filarete, Antonio, 10, 33
“fish-eye” view, 5, 6, 6
Flatbush (NY), 40, 41
Florence, 21, 22, 90, 170
chain view of 22, 23, 208n
views of 22
Florentine Codex, 48, 48
Florida, 59, 77, 78
Fort Nassau, 40
France, French, 77–8, 94, 100, 199
bastide towns, 33
mapmaking, 85–7
Francis, St, 166, 167, 197
Franciscans, 38, 62, 64, 141, 166, 179
Frézier, Amédée François, 57–8, 86, 87, 172
Plan of Lima, 58
Frias, Dámaso de, 10
Frisius, Gemma, 46, 56, 59
Fritz, Rolf 2
Fuentes y Guzmán, Antonio de, Recordación florida, 31, 32, 210n
Garay, Francisco de, 59
García Bravo, Alonso, 58
García Conde, Diego, 58
General Map of Mexico City, 168, 168
García de Castro, Lope, 130
García de Castrojérez, Fray Jun, 10, 24
García de Icazbalceta, Joaquín, 69
García de Loaysa, Fray Jerónomo, Archbishop of Lima, 169
Garcilaso de la Vega, called El Inca, 47, 100, 114–15, 176, 181
Royal Commentaries of the Incas, 47
Garin, Eugenio, 21
Garzoni, Tomasso, 12, 207n
Gelves, Count of see Silva, Gaspar de
geography, 11–12, 12, 21, 47, 51, 52, 53, 53, 55, 63, 70, 71, 86, 103, 115, 116, 117, 118, 124, 205, 215n
Gibbon, Edward, 45
Gisbert, Teresa, 196
glyphs (symbols), 50–1, 51, 52, 52, 53, 54, 54, 55, 61, 115, 116, 117, 117, 118–19, 119, 120, 121, 154, 215n
Gnudi, Filippo de’, 5
Goa, 39
Gomez de Trasmonte, Juan, 91, 95, 152, 153, 154
Plan of Mexico City, 153, 154, 155, 167
González, Miguel, 166
San Maticts, La Vida Perdurable, 166, 168
Granada, 4, 6, 33, 61, 211n
“The Great Waggoner of the South Seas”, 84, 85
Greco, El (Dominokos Theotecopulis), 8, 199, 201–5
View and Plan of Toledo, 3, 201, 203–5, 204
View of Toledo, 201–3, 202, 204
Green, Roger, 42
Grenville, Lord, 78
ground plans (or ichnographic views), 1, 2–3, 4, 5, 47, 57–8, 75, 82, 86, 95, 152, 153, 167, 204, 205
Gruetter, Matteus, 4–5
Gruzinski, Serge, 46
Guadalajara (Mexico), 114, 160
Guadalupe, Our Lady of, 131, 144, 152, 154, 162–6, 167, 167, 217n
basilica of, 152, 162, 165–6, 166, 168
paintings of, 162–6, 164, 168, 168–9
Gualpa, Indian in legend of founding of Potosí, 101, 195–6, 197, 198
Guaman Poma de Ayala, Felipe, 111, 215n
Nueva Coranica y Buen Gobierno de las Indias, 122–9
Arequipa, 126, 127, 146
La Ciudad del Cielo, 125, 125
Cuzco, 127, 128
Guamanga, 127, 127–8
Lima, 126, 126–7, 173
mappamundi de los reinos de las Indias, 124, 124
Potosí, 188–9, 189
Guamanga (now Ayacucho), 122, 123, 124, 127, 127–8, 129
Guápulo, Our Lady of, 130, 131, 144
Guatemala, 30, 31, 38, 38, 113, 138, 139, 140, 210n
maps of, 32
Guatemala City, plan of, 32
Guistiniani, Bernardo, 23
Gutiérrez, José, 189
Hack, William, Waggoner of the Sea, 84, 85, 213n
Hakluyt, Richard, 41, 78, 80, 212n
Havana, 28, 71, 76, 76, 82, 83, 105, 212n
Heidegger, Martin, 17
Helgerson, Richard, Forms of Nationhood, 107
Herrera, Isabel see Santa Rosa of Lima
Herrera y Tordesillas, Antonio de, 177
Hispaniola, 28, 36, 72, 72, 73, 74
Historia Tolteca-Chichimeca, 46, 117, 215n
history paintings, 162–4, 164, 175
Hochelaga, 74
Hoefnagel, Joris, 14
Sevilla, 16
Hogenberg, Franz see Braun and Hogenberg
Holland see Dutch
Holy Land, 60, 61
Hondius, Hendrick, 4, 78
Hondius, Joducus, 98, 213n
Holguin see Pérez de Holguin
holy community, the city as a, 138–48, 175
Honduras, 113
buacas (sacred sites), 98, 114–15, 141, 176, 196
Huancavelica, 126, 179
Huarochiri, 38
Huejotzingo convent church (near Puebla), 131
Huitzilopochtl, Aztec god, 52
Hurtado de Mendoza, Garcia, 121
Ignatius of Loyola, St, 191
Ildefonsus, St, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204
Imola, 3, 5, 24
Inca, 30, 39, 44, 67–8, 69, 70, 70, 86, 95, 97–8, 100, 103, 112, 122, 123, 124, 124, 125, 128, 169, 176, 181, 183, 185, 185–6, 189, 195, 196, 209n
maps, 46–7, 67
models, 112, 113, 113, 114–15
religion, 98, 114–15
Indians/natives, 27, 30, 36–9, 37, 38, 43, 45, 86, 90, 94, 97, 97–8, 101, 103–4, 105, 109, 112–21, 122, 129, 130, 132, 149, 152, 158, 165, 170, 177, 181, 183, 184, 188, 191, 192, 193, 195
cartography/maps, 46–55, 115, 118–21
códices, 116–18
lienzos, 115–16, 118
models, 112–15
Spanish ill-treatment of, 101, 122, 123, 125, 128–9, 176–7; see also Aztec, cacique, Cañari; curaca; Inca; Maya; Nahua; Nayarit; Nazca
Ingapirica, 86
Intip Raimi harvest festival, Cuzco, 181
Isabel, Queen of Castile, 28, 33, 36, 39
Isabel, Queen (Charles V’s wife), 74
Isidore of Seville, St, 9, 10, 11, 24
Italy, 59, 199
Ixtlán del Rio, 112
Jamaica, island of, 59
James River, 42
Jamestown, 42
Jansson, Joannes, Atlantic Maioris, 91
Jansson, J. and Visscher, N. J., View of New Amsterdam, 41
Jauja, 30–1, 169; see also Lima
Jeffreys, Thomas, Spanish Islands and Settlements in West Indies, 85
Jerusalem, 6, 146, 147, 147, 148, 166, 168, 111
Jesuits, 31, 83, 132, 170, 171, 179, 180, 184
Jesús de Machaca, church of, 216n
Jode, Gerard de, 97
Speculum orbis terrarum, 90
John III, King of Portugal, 71
John the Apostle, St, 166
Johnson, Christine, 21
Juan Bernardino, 163
Juan Diego, 152, 163
Juan of Austria, 190
Juan y Santacilia, Jorge, 86–7, 88, 95
Keppler, Johannes, 13
Kieft, Governor Willem, 40–1
Koninick, Juan Ramón, Plan of Lima, 171, 172
La Guardia (Spain), 60, 61
La Imperial (Chile), 83
La Isabela, 28, 73, 212n
La Luz, Our Lady of, 144
La Paz (Chuquilapo), 127, 134, 134, 135, 135
Defense of 149, 149
La Plata see Sucre
La Serena, 84, 85, 213n
Ladrón de Guevara, Archbishop Diego de, 175
Lake Texcoco, 52, 66, 118, 154
Landaburrú, Hipólito, 135–6
Landaburrú y Rivera, Agustín, 135, 136
Landaeta, General Juan de, 134, 134–5
Landaeta, Martin de, 134, 135, 135
Las Casas, Fray Bartolomé de, 80, 122
De Potestate Civile, 24
Laudonnière, René de, 77, 80, 212n
Lavallé, Bernard, 130
Lavanha, Joâo Baptista, 59
Lavedan, Pierre, 207n
Laws of Burgos (1512–13), 36
Laws of the Indies (1571), 122
Le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques, 77, 80, 212n
Lea, Philip, Hydrographia, 84–5
Leonardo da Vinci, 24, 57
View of Imola, 3, 5
Léry, Jean de, 74, 83
l’Hermite, Jacques, 81
lienzos, 48, 115–16, 116, 118, 214n
lieux de mémoire (memory sites), 17, 117
Lima, ix, 34, 81, 85, 86, 105, 111, 122, 123, 124, 125, 128, 129, 135–6, 137, 139, 150, 169–76, 184
Cercado (Indian quarter), 169, 170
Creoles in, 130, 135–6, 136, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178
descriptions of, 169–70, 173–4
earthquakes, 137, 170, 175
fortifications, 171
foundations, 30–1, 33, 169
plans, 57, 87, 105, 171–3
plaza mayor, 169–70, 171, 173, 173–5, 174
San Francisco Convent, 169, 175
San Marcos university, 169, 170, 171, 177
views, 9, 126, 126–7, 132, 136, 171–5
Links, J. G., Townscape Painting, 8
Linz, 13
Lockhart, James, 39, 117–18
López de Lagazpi (or? Legazpi), Miguel, 43
López de Quiroga, Francisco Antonio, 192, 216n
López de Vargas, Tomás, 59–60, 60
Atlas geografico, 87, 94, 95
López de Velasco, Juan, 39, 55, 118, 120, 215n
López Ortega, Antonio, 193
Lorenzetti, Ambrogio, Allegory of Good and Bad Government, 17, 17
Losada, Captain Diego de, 30
Louis XIV, King of France, 85
Lozana, Cristóbal, Conde de Superunda, 137, 137
Luna, Fray Fernando de, 184, 185
Lynch, Kevin, 17
Macao, 39
Macuilsúchil (Mexico), map of, 62, 163
Madrid, 43, 59, 89, 153, 199, 200, 201, 211n
Magellan, Ferdinand, 75
Malaspina, Alejandro, 87, 88, 89
Mallet, Allain Manesson, 92
Description de l’univers, 72, 100
Manceli, Antonio, 211n
Manco Capac, 196
Manco Inca, 176
Manhattan, vi, vii, 40, 109, 111
Manieri, Danesio, 3
Manila, 43, 153
view of, 43
Manuel I, King of Portugal, 116
Manzo de Velasco, Joseph see Superunda, Count of
mapmakers see under names
maps/cartography, 7, 20, 34–6, 45–70, 71, 77, 91, 115–16, 117, 154, 167–9, 205
Dutch, 59, 77, 81–4
folk or popular, 59–60
native, 46–55, 115, 118–21
“pirate”, 84, 85
Portuguese, 59, 75, 211n
scientific, 46, 55–6, 56, 57, 59, 60, 60, 62, 62, 69, 75, 154
secrecy concerning, 73, 74–7, 81, 81, 87, 94, 212n
Spanish, 55–70, 73, 74, 87
symbolic, 59, 60–2, 61, 64, 119
techniques, 45, 57; see also atlases and guide books; city views; códices; ground plans; lienzos
Marian cults, 131, 144–6, 152, 162–6, 168–9, 291n
Martínez, Damián, 31
Martyr, Peter, 49
Mary Tudor, Queen, 199
Massachusetts Bay Colony, 42
Matienzo, Juan de, Gobierno del Peru, 37, 37, 38
Mattapan (later Dorchester), 42
Maurits, Johann, Count of Nassau, 82
Maurits van Nassau, Prince Henry, 40
Maya, 97, 214n
models, 113, 114, 114
Medina, Fray Baltasar, Chronicle of the Holy Province of San Diego, 62, 64
Medina, Pedro de, 60–1, 124
Libro de las grandezas y cosas notables de España, 60–1, 62: Segovia, 61, 62
Toledo, 7, 7, 61
Valencia, 61, 62
Meléndez, Fray Juan, 171, 172, 175, 176
Tesoros verdaderos de las Indias, 171
Mendieta, Gerónimo, 28
Mendoza (Argentina), foundation of, 121, 121–2, 215n
Mendoza, Francisco de, 46
Mendoza, Pedro, 30
Mercator, Gerard, 46, 59, 73
Mercedarians, 169, 171, 179, 180, 181
Merian, Matthaus, 80
mestizaje paintings, 165
Mexico (New Spain), viii, 36, 37, 39, 43–4, 69, 74, 78, 109, 112, 116, 121, 130
conquest of, 28–92, 45, 47, 54, 58, 66–7
maps, 45–6, 47–9, 49, 53, 54, 54, 55, 58–9, 62, 63, 64, 64; views see individual cities
Mexico, Gulf of, 47–8, 59, 65
Mexico, Valley of, 49, 117, 118
Mexico City, 6, 25–6, 29, 44, 80, 83, 89–105, 111, 118, 131, 150, 151–69, 171, 173, 210n
Alameda, 154, 156–9, 160, 162, 167
architecture, 25, 33, 59, 91
buildings, 25, 26, 152, 154, 159–60, 161
Creoles in, 118, 121, 131, 151–2, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 164, 165
descriptions of, 90–1, 154, 161
floods, 91, 152
foundation of, 30, 156
governance, 25
map view of 64–7, 65, 89, 89–90, 91, 91, 92, 152, 167
Parian (market), 161
plans and maps of, 49, 49, 54, 54, 82, 90, 91, 167–9, 168
population, 90, 158
religious practices, 152, 162–6
social divisions, 90
views of, 9, 71, 83, 89–90, 90, 91–5, 132, 148, 152, 153–66
waterworks, 152–3, 155
zócalo, 154, 159–62, 163, 165–6, 166, 167, 169, 173, 173; see also Guadalupe, Our Lady of; Tenochtitlan
Michoacán, 141, 142
Middelburg (Holland), 82, 153
Milan, 20, 90, 170
Milder, Joseph, 172
Miller, Arthur, 47
Miranda, Count of, 216n
missionaries, 36, 131, 172, 197
Mixtee, 47, 63, 115, 116, 116, 118, 119, 119, 120
Moctezuma, Aztec ruler, 47–8, 49, 59, 64, 66, 67, 93, 154, 211n
models, architectural, 112–15
Mogrovejo, Fray Toribio de, Archbishop of Lima, 171, 172, 173
Mogrovejo (? or Mogroviejo), de la Cerda, Juan, Memorias de la gran ciudad de Cusco, 183
Mollinedo y Angulo, Manuel de, Bishop of Cuzco, 181, 182
Monroy y Cortes, Alonso de, 178–9, 180
Monserrat, Our Lady of, 133, 133–4
Montaigne, Michel de, Essays, 19
Montanus, Arnoldus, 83, 84, 91, 92, 92, 98, 100, 153, 213n
De Nieuwe en Obekende Weerlde, 40, 83, 84
View of Potosí, 103–5, 104
Montanus, Petrus, 83, 213n
Montesclaros, Marquis de, 125, 169
Montreal, 74
Montúfar, Fray Alonso de, 152
Morant, Konrad, View of Strasbourg, 5–6, 6, 65–6
Morcillo Rubio de Auñon, Fray Diego, Viceroy of Peru, 188, 190–2, 190–2
Morelia (formerly Valladolid), 141–2, 142
Morgan, Henry, 81,81
Morse, Richard, 19
Motolinia, Fray Toribio de Benavente, 26, 45
Move of the image of Guadalupe to its new Basilica (anon.), 162–4, 164
Mundy, Barbara, 118, 215n
Muñoz Camargo, Diego, 36, 37
Plaza of Tlaxcala, 36
Münster, Sebastian, Cosmographia, 7, 71, 89, 108, 108
Munia, Fray Martin de, 123, 124
Historia general de Peru, 123, 186
Muslims/Islam, 26–7, 66, 200
Nader, Helen, 27
Nagasaki, 39
Nahuas, Nahuatl language, 39, 45, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 118, 120
Narváez, Pánfllo de, 66
Natá (Panama), 33
Nayarit models, 112–13, 113
Nazca, 112, 124, 126, 214n
Neri de Alfaro, Luis Felipe, 147
New Amsterdam, 40, 41, 41, 94
New Andalucía see Venezuela
New Castile, 60, 61, 67
New England, 42, 83
New France, 40
New Granada, 30
New Holland see Brazil
New Plymouth, 42
New Spain see Mexico
New York City see Manhattan
Newe Zeittung, pamphlet, 90, 90
Nicollay see Vassalieu, Benedit
Nolasco Meré, Fray Pedro, 171–2
Nombre de Dios (Panama), 78, 79, 212n
Nora, Pierre, 17
Norden, John, 208n
North Carolina, 41
Norwich, view of, 2, 13
The Nuns of St. Catherine move to their New Convent (anon.), 141–2, 142
Nuremberg, 6, 59, 64
Nuti, Lucia, Ritratti di città, 8
Oaxaca, 29, 33, 34, 58, 61, 62, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 119
Ocaña, Fray Diego de, 170, 214n
Ogilby, John, 4, 91, 153
America, 72, 72, 83, 92
Cuzco, 100
Potosí, 104
O’Gorman, Eduardo, 73
Olinda, 39
Ornate volcano, 127
Ortelius, Abraham, 7, 46, 73
Theatrum orbis terranm, 90, 95, 97, 205
Ovalle, Alonso de, Histórica relación de Chile, 83,84
Ovando, Fray Nicolás de, 28, 33, 121
Oviedo y Baños, José, 30, 31
Pachamama, guardian of the earth, 181, 196
Pacheco, Basilio, Death of St Augustine, 184, 184–5
Pacific Ocean, 31, 77, 80, 83, 89, 169
mapping its coasts, 75, 84, 213n
Palladio, Andrea, 10
Panama, 28, 31, 33, 36, 78, 81, 81
Pánuco, 58
Paraguay, 30, 31
Paraná River, 30
Paris, viii, 4
Parmenter, Ross, 214n
Pau, Jeroni, Barcino, 25
Paul III, Pope, 198
Pavia, 20
Payta, 71
Pederarias Dâvila, 28
Pelegrina, Our Lady of the, 219n
Peralta Barnuevo de, 173
Lima fundada o conquista de Peru, 175
Pereyns, Simon, 131
Pérez de Holguin, Melchior, 189–92, 195
Entrance of the Viceroy Morcillo into Potosí, 190–2
Pernambuco, 83, 83
perspective/oblique view, 2, 5
Peru, 24, 67–70, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 86, 95, 98, 100, 112, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133, 135, 138, 144, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177
conquest of, 30, 169, 198
description of, 123–4
maps, 47
reducciones in, 37, 37–8
town and cities, 43–4, 122–9; views of see individual towns
Philadelphia, 42, 210n
Philip II, King, 39, 61, 75n, 77, 199, 200, 209n, 211n
and city-planning, 34
defense strategy in America, 76
and maps, 35, 55, 56, 75–6, 118, 119
Philip III, King, 122, 189
Philip IV, King, 59, 75, 77, 170, 177
Philip V, King, 85, 86–7, 95
Philippines, 8, 43
Philoponus, Honorius, 98
pilgrimages, 141, 142, 144, 146
Pinet, Antoine du, 11–12, 89–90, 95, 207n
Pisa, Francisco de, 59
Pizarra, Francisco, 30–1, 39, 68, 95, 112, 113, 128, 169, 176, 177, 179
Plancius, Petrus, 98
Plano de Maguey, 49, 50
Plato, 27
Plaza Mayor de Lima … (anon.), 173, 173–4
policía, 27–39; passim, 103, 109, 126, 127, 128, 129, 149, 157, 160, 173, 176, 184, 189, 209n
defined, 27–8, 209n
Popayán, 37, 126
Porcacchi, Tomasso, L’isoloe piu famoso del mondo, 90
Porco, 195
Portobelo, 71, 81, 83
portrait-views, 132–8
Portugal, Portuguese, 39, 40, 59, 186
feitorias, 39, 40
maps, 59, 75, 211n
towns, 39
Post, Frans, 82
Brazilian Landscape, 83, 83, 103
Potosí, ix, 71, 80, 83, 101–5, 111, 150, 169, 186–98, 214n
Cerro Rico, 101, 102, 103, 103, 104, 186, 187, 187, 188–9, 190, 191, 192, 193, 195–7, 196, 197, 214n
Creoles in, 130, 186, 187, 187, 188, 192
description of, 102–3
foundation of, 30, 195, 198
mining, 101, 102, 103, 177, 186, 187, 192–3, 193, 195, 196, 196
plan (plantageneral), 101, 102
Plaza de Regocijo (plaza mayor), 101, 102, 189, 189, 190, 192, 192, 194, 195
urban development, 101, 102
views of, 9, 74, 102–5, 128, 188–98
Prescott, William Hickling, History of the Conquest of Mexico, 45
Procesión de desagravio (anon.), 175
Procession in the plaza mayor of Lima (anon.), 174, 175
profile views (prospects), 2, 3
Providence R. I., 42, 210n
Ptolemy, 11, 12, 58, 59, 95
Geographia, 55
Pucarani, 141
Puebla (de los Angeles), 26, 52, 117, 130, 131, 208n, 215n
Puerto Real, 33
Puerto Rico, 8, 137
Qosqo see Cuzco
Quebec City, 94
Quechua (Inca language), 112, 128, 171, 176
Quesnel, François, 4
Quintilian, 15
Quiroga, Vasco de, 28
Quispe Tito, Diego, 132, 178
Quito, viii–ix, 27, 34, 37, 38, 39, 130, 138, 144, 215n
foundation of, 30
plans, 86, 87, 87, 88
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 41, 212n
Ramirez, Antonio, Cathedral of Santiago de los Caballeros, 138–41, 139
Ramírez de Aguila, Pedro, 148
Ciudad de la Plata, 148, 148
Ramírez de Fuenleal, Sebastian, 163
Ramusio, Giovanni Battista, 62, 67, 68, 69, 74, 90, 95
Viaggi et Navegationi, 89, 95
Cuzco, 95, 97, 97, 100, 171, 185, 186
Recife, 40
Reconquista (Reconquest) of Muslim Spain, 26–7, 43
reducciones, 36–8, 37, 38, 176–7
Relaciones Geográficas, 34, 35, 36, 36, 46, 54, 55, 61, 62, 63, 75, 77, 87, 118–21, 119, 120, 215n
religious processions, 141, 142, 162, 163, 174, 175, 179, 181–4, 194, 194, 195
Remedios, Our Lady of the, 144, 152, 179, 180, 194, 195, 219n
Remesal, Fray Antonio de, 30
Rio de Janeiro, 39
Rio de la Plata, 30, 55, 85
Riobamba, 125
Roanoke, colony at, 41–2, 78
Robertson, William, History of America, 95, 175–6
Romanus, Egidius, De regimine principe, 21, 24
Rome, 4–5, 20, 90, 109, 166, 167, 170, 198
Romero López, Miguel, 142
Rosario, Our Lady of, 219n
Rossi, Aldo, 16
Royal Chronicler of the Indies, 177
Royal Council of the Indies, Madrid, 43
Saavadra Fajardo, Diego de, 24
Sabellico, Marcanantonio, 23
Sahagún, Fray Bernardino de, 48
Florentine Codex, 48, 48
St Augustine FL, 42, 78
Salazar de Mendoza, Pedro, 201, 203
Salazar de Villasante, 38
Salinas y Cordova, Fray Buenaventura, 33, 170, 210n
History of Peru, 170
Salutati, Coluccio, 20, 22
Salvador de Bahia, 39, 40
San Agustín, Pedro de, 215n
San Antonio, Sacramento, 122
San Francisco de Campeche see Campeche
San Francisco de Quito, 88
San Juan de Puerto Rico, 28, 76, 76, 82, 137, 137–8, 212n
San Juan de Ulloa, 212n
San Miguel el Grande (now San Miguel de Allende), 146, 146–8
San Miguel Tequixtepec, 115, 116
San Pedro de Alcántara (Guatemala), 38, 38
San Pedro de Teozacoalco see Teozacoalco
Sánchez, Miguel, 152, 164
Sánchez de Arevalo, Rodrigo, 10
Sancho, Pedro, 68–9, 95
Sandys, Sir Edwin, 42
Santa Catalina (Valladolid), Franciscan monastery, 141–2, 142
Santa Cruz, Alonso de, 55
Santa Fe (military camp outside Granada), 33
Santa Fe de Bogotá see Bogotá
Santa Marta, 212n
Santa Rosa de Lima, 131, 171, 172
Santiago, Miguel de, 144
Santiago de Chile, 83, 84, 86, 124, 127
Santiago de Guatemala, 32
Santiago de la Nasca see Nazca
Santiago de los Caballeros (later Antigua), Cathedral of, 138–41, 139–40
Santiago Texúpan see Texúpa
Santo Domingo, 8, 33, 72, 74, 212n
foundation of, 28, 121
views of, 33, 78, 89
Savonarola, Girolamo, Universus terrarum orbis, 91, 91, 100
Sañudo, Marino, 23
Schenk, Peter, Hecatompolis, 92
Schmidel, Flans, 80
Schulz, Jürgen, 24
Sebald Beheim, Hans, 65
Siege of Vienna, 5
Segovia, 61, 62, 69
Seguróla, Sebastian, 149
Serlio, Sebastiano, 10
Seta, Cesare de, 8
Sevilla, 16, 61, 67, 109, 130
16, 61, 67, 109, 110, 130
House of Trade, 55, 59, 61
Shakespeare, William, 10
Sharpe, Bartholomew, 84, 85, 213n
Siena, 8, 17, 17, 198
Sigüenza y Gongora, Carlos, 152, 153
Silva, Viceroy Gaspar de, Count of Gelves, 160–2
silver mining, 101–2, 103, 169, 177, 186, 187, 192, 193, 195, 196, 196
Solano, Fray Francisco de, 172, 218n
Solis, Antonio de, Historia de la conquista de Mexico, 93, 93
Solis de Portocarrero, Garcia, 128
Solórzano y Pereyra, Juan, 130
Sorte, Cristoforo, 57
Spain, Spanish, ix, 8, 9, 10, 24, 25, 26–7
map-making, 55–70
views of cities, 8, 199–205, 211n
Speed, John, 91
Steinberg, Saul, Manhattan, 109, 111
Stowe, John, Survey of London, 25
Stradanus, Samuel, Virgin of Guadalupe, 165, 165
Strasbourg, 5, 6, 66
Stroza Gali, Francesco de, 61
Suárez de Peralta, Juan, 151
Sucre (La Plata), ix, 130, 148, 148, 192, 214n
Superunda, Count of, Viceroy of Peru, 137, 137
Tabasco, 48, 114
Tacitus, 101
Tagus River, 7, 200, 203
Tarragona, 69
Teixeira Joao, 77
Teixeira, Pedro, 211n
Tello, Fray Antonio, 210n
Tendilla, Count of, 19
Tenochtitlan, 25, 39, 52, 52, 58, 64–7, 68, 69, 89–95, 151, 152, 169
conquest of, 45, 66–7, 73–4, 90, 152, 155–6
foundation of, 117
maps of, 47, 48, 49, 50, 59, 62, 64–7; see also Mexico City
Teozacoalco (now San Pedro Teozacoalco), 118–19, 119, 120
Tepeyac, Hill of (Mexico City), 152, 154, 162, 163, 164, 165, 165–6, 167, 167, 168, 168–9
Tequixtepec, lienzo of, 115, 116, 116
Texcoco, 48, 49
Texúpa, 34
map of, 55, 119–20, 120
Thucydides, History of the Pelopponesian Wars, 9, 10
Tihuantinsuyo (nca empire), 124, 124
Tikal (Guatemala), 113
Tilantango, 116, 117, 117, 119
Tiobamba parish church (Peru), 138, 138
Titian, 57
tlacuiloque (indigenous artist-writers), 45, 46, 48, 49, 49, 50, 50, 52, 53, 54, 54, 60, 61, 62, 63, 70, 109, 115, 121
Tlaxcala, Tlaxcalans, 29, 36, 36, 37, 54, 67, 148, 154, 160, 208n, 215n
Toledo, Viceroy Francisco de, 37, 38, 101, 129, 176, 177, 196–7
Toledo, 3, 7, 7, 25, 59, 60, 61, 199–205, 200–2, 204
Torquemada, Fray Juan de, 50, 166, 211n
Monarchia Indiana, 48–9, 151
Totomiuacan, 117
Trimontain (later Boston), 42
Trujillo (Peru), 33, 71, 83, 128, 179
Tuan, Yi-Fu, 16, 17, 199
Tucumán, 124
Tunja, 34
Tupa Inca, Baltazar, 181
Tupác Amaru rising, 149
Tupác Katari (or? Kateri), 149
Tupác Inca Yupanqui, 122
Uberto, Lucantonio degli, View of Florence with a Chain, 23
Ulloa, Antonio de, 86–7, 88, 95
United New Netherland Company, 40
United States 8, 59, 122
Uppsala Map, 54, 54, 90
urbs, the city as, 9–11, 16, 17–18, 20, 21–2, 24, 25, 30, 31, 73, 89, 91, 94, 95, 98, 108, 109, 121, 126, 138, 142, 150, 156, 174, 181, 183, 183, 204, 205
Uztáriz, Miguel Antonio, Governor of Puerto Rico, 137, 137–8
Valbuena, Bernardo, 26
Grandeza mexicana, 25, 90, 151, 153
Valdés-Leal, Juan de, 131
Valencia (Spain), 13–15, 13–15, 25, 61, 62, 211n
Valladolid (Mexico) see Morelia
Valladolid (Spain), 10
Valparaiso, 83
Van der Aa, Pierre, Galerie agréable du monde, 71, 72, 72, 84, 92, 100, 103
Van Spilbergen, Joris, 81
East and West Indies, 80
Vandera, Damián de la, 47
Vargas, Francisco de, 201
Vargas Machuca, Bernardo de, 31
Vassallieu, Benedit (dit Nicollay), 4
Vázquez, Gregorio, 216n
Velasco, Juan de, 34
Velasco, Viceroy Luis de, 156
Velázquez, Diego de, Governor of Cuba, 29, 66
Vellerino de Villalobos, Baltasar, Luz de Navegantes, 75, 76, 212n
Venezuela, 30, 31
Venice, 23, 23–4, 57, 67, 109, 170
Veracruz, 28, 29, 30, 58, 66, 82, 83, 105, 153, 212n
Vermeer, Johannes, 8
View of Delft, 2, 3
The Very Noble and Loyal City of Mexico (anon.), 153–4, 156–7
Vetancourt, Fray Agustín de, 154
“Tratado de la Ciudad de Mexico”, 25–6
Vico, Ambrosio de, 3–4
Plataforma de Granada, 4, 6
Vienna, 5, 65
Vienna Codex see Codex Vindobonensis
Viera, Juan de, Mexico City, 151–2
views see city views
Villalpando, Cristóbal de, 132, 160, 161
Entrance of St. Francis of Assisi, 166, 167-, Four Apparitions of the Virgin, 165
View of the Zócalo of Mexico City, 160, 161–2, 163, 173
Villa Ymperial de Potosí (anon.), 195, 196
Villaröel, Captain Juan de, 198
Villaseñor y Sanchez, Jose Antonio, 167
Vingboons, Johannes, 82, 82, 153, 213n
Manila, 43
Mexico City, 91, 92
Viracocha, Inca, 176
Virgen del Cerro de Potosí (anon.), 195–8, 197
Virgin Mary, incarnations of see under particular cult: Belén; Candelaria; Caracas; Copacabana; Guápulo; Guadalupe; Pelegrina; Remedios; Rosario
The Virgin of Caracas (anon.), 144
Virginia, 40, 42, 80, 210n
Visscher, Claes Janszoon, 98
Visscher, N. J. see Jansson & Visscher
Vista de la Alameda de México (anon.), 157, 160
Vitruvius, 10, 33
Vives, Juan Luis, 107, 108, 205
Vossius, Isaac, 213n
Waldseemuller, Martin, 73
Watertowne, 42
Weiditz, Christophe, 98
Welsers, German banking family, 30
White, John, 78, 80
Williams, Raymond, Border Country, 107
Williamsburg, VA, 42
Wotton, Sir Henry, 13
Wyngaerde, Anton van der, 13–15, 57, 199–201, 208n
Toledo, 199–201, 200–1, 203, 204
Valencia, 13–15, 13–15
Xicalango, 48
Yepes, Fray Rodrigo de, 60, 61, 61
Ysatalco village (Mexico), 162, 164
Yucatán, 59
Yucay, 47, 177
Yupanqui Pachacutec, Inca, 47
Zandvleit, Kees, 82
Zorita, Alonso de, 48, 50
Zumárraga, Fray Juan de, Archbishop of Mexico City, 59, 162, 163
Zurbarán, Francisco de, 131, 132