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David Bindman (Editor), Henry Louis Gates Jr. (Editor)
Description: The Image of the Black in Western Art, Volume II: From the Early Christian Era to...
The Image of the Black in Western Art, Volume II: From the Early Christian Era to the “Age of Discovery,” Part 2: Africans in the Christian Ordinance of the World
Index
Author
David Bindman (Editor), Henry Louis Gates Jr. (Editor)
PublisherHarvard University Press
Copyright© 1979 by Menil Foundation, Inc.
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00138.012
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-16978
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Index
Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations. Page numbers in parentheses indicate image details.
Abraham sacrificing Isaac narrative, 202
Abyssinia. See Ethiopia/Ethiopians
Africa/Africans: artistic production with black image and, 268–69, 274, 275–76, 279, 283
blue color, and black image of, 7
cartography and, 111–13, 115, 117, 118–21, 146, 150–51
central, 254
European society imposed on black image of, 275, 275–76, 281–83
exoticism and, 274, 275–76, 283
geography of, 49, 54, 105–7, 108, 110–11, 243–44, 244–45
New Testament and, xv
Old Testament and, xv
planisphere cartography and, 146, 148–49, 243, 246–47, 269, 270–71, (270–71)
use of term, xvii. See also West Africa/Africans; specific countries and states
Albert of Brandenburg, 15, 58, 195
Alexander the Great (king of Macedonia), 58, 70, 77, 121, 146, 148, 168, 171, 171–72
Alfonso V (king of Aragon), 99, 101, 150–51, 157, 171–72
Alfonso X (king of Castile; Alfonso the Wise), 48, 50, 55, 101
Amman, Jost, Anton Tucher II and his wife Anna Reich, 240, 240–41
Andrea da Firenze, Pentecost, 105, (106–7), 258
Antichrist narrative, 24, 70–71, 70–73, 202, 204, (204–5), 245
Arabs/Arabic language, xvi–xvii, 26, 47–48, 55, 179, 181, 255
Aragon: banners with black image and, 36, 36–37, 237
baptisms of blacks and, 224, 226
cartography with black image and, 150–51
color rankings, 99, 101, 176
Magi-Kings with black image and, 173
Moriscos and, 226
seal with black image of, 35. See also specific rulers
Argonauts, and laborer with black image, 166, 166–67, 213, 215
aristocratic theme: color rankings and, 99, 101, 176
Jesus Christ life-cycle scenes, and portraiture with, 228–29
king with black image and, 39, 40–41, (41), 47
Magi-Kings narrative with portraiture and, 62, 64, 160–61, 161, (163–65), 185, 198, 201, 202, 208, 208–9, 270
princes with black image and, 121–22, 123–25
princesses with black image and, 39, 40–41, (41), 50, 50–51
queens with black image and, 38–39, 40–41, (41). See also attendant of aristocrats, and black image; king, and black image; knight/warrior, and black image; musicians, and black image; page boy, and black image
Aristotle, 48, 98, 244
armorial bearings, and black image: Arthurian legend and, 33, 139, 141
bandeaux iconography and, 34, 34–35, 237
banners/banner bearers and, 34, 36, 36–37, 128, (132–33), 133, 134
canting arms and, 77, 237
Cologne and, 32–33, 33–37, 36–37, 39
crests and, 31, 34–35, 34–37, 37–40, 79, 80
David and, 78–79, 79
France and, 38
Freising and, 16, 32–33, 33, 34, 37, 39, 77
Gelre/Gelderland and, 32–33, 35, 36, 37, 76
Germany and, 35, 37–39, 73–74, 74–81, 76–80, 240–41, 240–42
Great Khan/Mongol Empire and, 73–74, 74
history of, 31, 33–35, 37–39, 237
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 35, 36, 37, 74, 74–78, 76–78
Mediterranean world and, 35
Prester John and, 73, 74, 76, 78–80, 80–81
women’s image and, 35, 242. See also banners/banner bearers, and black image; crests, and black image; shields, and black image
Arthurian legend, 33, 39, 92, 139, 141
artistic production, and black image: Africa/Africans, 268–69, 274, 275–76, 279, 283
art, use of term, xiii
Bohemia and, 9, 19–20, 50, 50–51, 52
earthly paradise and, 264, 264–65
France and, 255, 256, 257
Germany and, 71, 73, 79–80, 82, 256–57, 257–58, (258–59)
heraldry and, 234, 237–38, 238–39, 240–41, 240–42
Italy and, 258, 261, (262–63), 263, 276–79, 279, 283
knight/warrior and, 238, 238–39
Maurice and, 237
northern Europe and, 258, 260–61, 282
Ottoman Turks and, 238, 238–39
realistic features with black image and, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
Spain and, 261, 264–65, 264–65, (266–67), 268. See also revision of black image
Asia/Asians: cartography and, 112–13, 112–13, 146
evangelization and, 105–7, (106–7)
Magi-Kings narrative and, 269
Muhammad preaching to, 125, 127
planisphere cartography and, 117, 118–21, 146
astrology and astronomy, 3, 47–48, 50, 54–57, 156
attendant, and black image: France/French and, 128, (132–33), 133, 134
Germany and, 133, 136, 136–39, 138–39, 157
Magi-Kings narrative and, 128–29, 128–29, (132–33), 133, 134, 196, 198, (200–201)
Sheba and, 133, 136, 136–39, 138–39, 157
attendant of aristocrats, and black image: Magi-Kings narrative and, 128–29, 128–29, (132–33), 133, 134, 196, 198, (200–201)
Sheba and, 133, 136, 136–37, 138–39, 138–39, 157
Austria, 15, 24, 37, 40, 46
Baldung Grien, Hans, Adoration of the Magi, 195, 196, 197
bandeaux iconography: armorial bearings and, 34, 34–35, 237
Egyptians and, 56, 58
knight/warrior with black image and, 108, 171, 171, 173, (176–77)
shields with black image and, 74, 92, 240, 240–41
banners/banner bearers, and black image, 34, 36, 36–37, 128, (132–33), 133, 134, 237
baptism, and black image: Bohemia and, 50, 50–51, 139
Ethiopian king with black image and, 50, 50–51
eunuch of Candace narrative and, 157, 158, 159, 258, 260–61, 282
Italy and, 139, 141
Spain and, 139, 224, 224, (224–25), 282
baptism, and blacks, 183, 224, 226, 282
Benson, Ambrosius, Descent from the Cross, (224–25), 226, 226–27
Berruguete, Pedro, Miracle of the Black Leg, 101, 230, 231
Bible. See biblical genealogy, and black image; New Testament; Old Testament; specific characters and narratives
biblical genealogy, and black image: France and, 107–8, 108–9, 246, 248–49, (249)
Germany and, 78–79, 79, 107, 108–9, 242–46, 247
Italy and, 107–8, 108–9
kings and, 107, 108–9
black color: color rankings and, 99, 101, 176, 281
cosmography and, 47
Devil and, 42
Jews and, 9, 19, 99
light as opposite of, 281
metaphors and, 101–2, 102–4
Miracle of the Black Leg narrative and, 100, 101, 229–32, 230–33
racial prejudice and, 98, 283
black image in Western art: black image paradox and, 183–84, 284
scholarship and use of terms for, xiii–xv, 1–3. See also blacks as “part of the scenery” image; revision of black image
black images of Christians, 224, (224–25), 226, 226–27, 227, 228–29
blacks: baptism of, 183, 224, 226, 282
definition of, xiv–xv
Europeans, and contact with, 12–18, 71, 73, 79–80, 82, 115, 121
freedom and, viii, xviii, 26, 98, 108, 180, 213, 215
in manuscripts, 52–54
Portugal, and realistic images of, 176, 179–81
use of term, xiii–xiv
whites, and fraternal relations with, viii, xv–xvi. See also blacks as “part of the scenery” image
blacks as “part of the scenery” image: Ethiopia and, 125, 127–35, 128, (130–33), 133, 136, 136–37, 157, 227
exoticism and, 128, (132–33), 133, 136, 138, 138, 140–41
France and, 125, 127–35, 128, (130–33), 133, 136, 136–37, 157, 227
Italy and, 136, 138–39, 138–39
realistic features in black image and, 125, 127–29
Spain and, 136, 140, 142–43, 171, 173, 174, (174–75)
turbaned iconography and, 128, (132–33), 134–35
blue color, and black image, 7, 42, 42–43
Bohemia: artistic production with black image and, 9, 19–20, 50, 50–51, 52
blacks in manuscripts and, 52–54
cosmography and, 47–48
Ethiopians with black image and, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
king with black image and, 50, 50–51
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 52, 52–53
Maurice with black image and, 19, 47, 56, 58
Noah’s sons narrative and, 50, 52
Sheba with white image transformed to black image and, 24, 58, 58–59
Bosch, Hieronymus: Adoration of the Magi, 24, 202, 204, 204, (204–5), 206
Garden of Earthly Delights, 261, 264–65, 265, (266–67)
Botticini, Raffaello (attrib.), Adoration of the Magi, 188, 188–90, 190
bridge of Kedron as relic of the cross narrative, 133, 136, 136–37, 138, 146, 157, 245
Burgkmair, Hans: Triumph of Emperor Maximilian I, 275, 276
Triumph of the King of Cochin, 274, 275
Burgundian states, 153–55, 157, 161, 166, 171, 176
Byzantium/Byzantine Empire: Devil/the demonic black image and, 5–9, 8–9, 10
Pentecost narrative and, 9, 10–11, 12
universalism and, 9–12, 10–11
canting arms, and black image, 77, 236–37, 237
Carpaccio, Vittore: gondolier (detail of the Miracle of the True Cross), 213, 215
Scenes from the life of St. Ursula, 213, 216, (216–17)
cartography: Africa and, 111–13, 115, 117, 118–21, 146, 150–51
Asia and, 112–13, 112–13, 146
earthly paradise and, 112–13, 121, 146, 151
Egypt/Egyptians and, 111, 148, 150–51
Ethiopia/Ethiopians and, 144, 146, 148, 150–51
Europe/Europeans and, 111–13, 112–21, 115–17, 146
France, 115, 117, 118–23, 121, 124, 136, 146, 146–47, 148, 269
globes and, 243–44, 244–45
Italy and, 148, 150, 150–51, (152)
Jerusalem and, 112–15, 113
New World maps and, 269, 270
Noah’s sons narrative and, 242–43, 243
Spain and, 269, 270
West Africa/ Africans and, xv, 115–17, 118–23, 146, 149. See also planisphere cartography
Castile, 173. See also Spain/Spanish; specific rulers
Catholic Church. See papacy in Rome
Central Africa, and evangelization, 254
Charlemagne (Holy Roman Emperor), 95, 107, 119
Charles IV (Holy Roman Emperor), 17–20, 46–50, 52, 54, 58, 66, 80, 82, 95
Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 185, 201, 258
Charles V (king of France), 117
Charles VII (king of France), 156, 166
Charles the Bold (king of France), 161, 171, 248
Christian black communities: Egypt/Egyptians and, xvii, 102, 108, 110–11
Ethiopia/Ethiopians and, xvii, 25, 49, 113, 115, 142–43, 159
Moriscos and, 224, 226
Nubia and, 108, 110–11, 115
Christian knight/warrior, and black image, 108
Christian West. See Europe/Europeans; specific countries and states
Cleopatra (queen of Egypt), 107, 108
Cologne: armorial bearings with black image and, 32–33, 33–37, 36–37, 39
Gregory the Moor in iconography of, 22, 58, 60, 61
Magi-Kings cult and, 17, 22, 155, 166
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 22, 22, 37
Magi-Kings narrative with white king image and, 160, 160–61, 162. See also Germany/Germans
color: blue, 7, 42, 42–43
rankings for, 99, 101, 176. See also black color
conversion. See baptism, and blacks; Moriscos
cosmography, 47, 47–48, 113, 151, 243
courtly theme. See aristocratic theme; king, and black image; knight/warrior, and black image
crests, and black image, 31, 34–35, 34–37, 37–40, 79, 80
Crucifixion: black image and, 202, 222, 223, 255, 256
relics of the cross narrative with black image and, 133, 136, 136–37, 138, 146, 157, 245
crusade, against Ottoman Turks, 39, 154–57, 171
Crusades/feudal lords, 39, 92, 96, 108
curled hair, and black images, xiv–xv, 6–7, 7, 9, 9–10, 13, 25, 128, 132–33
daily/domestic life, and black image: France and, 234, 234, 246, 248, 248–49, (249)
Germany and, 245–46
heraldry and, (236–37), 237
Italy and, 213, 215, 215–16, (216–17), (236–37), 237
northern Europe and, 234, 234–35
Portugal and, 215, (218–19), 220
Spain and, 230–32, 232–33
damned, and black image, 256–57, 258, (258), 281
dancers, and black image, 221, 223
David (king), 78–79, 79, 128, 130–31
del Rincon, Fernando, Miracle of the Black Leg, 101, 231, 232
Devil/demonic, the: black color and, 42
Byzantium black image and, 5–9, 8–9, 10
France and, 84–88, 86
revision of black image and, 50, 83, 255, 282–83
Spain and, 173, (174–75)
donor portraits: with black image, 27, 28, (28–29)
Magi-Kings narrative and, 202, 204, 204
Dürer, Albrecht: Adoration of the Magi, 195–96, 198, (198–99)
Portrait of a black man, 278–79, 279
Portrait of Katharina, 276–77, 279
Stabius, terrestrial globe, 244, 244–45
Egypt/Egyptians: bandeaux iconography and, 56, 58
cartography and, 111, 148, 150–51
Christian black community and, 102, 108, 110–11
Cleopatra, 107, 108
evangelization and, 104–5, 105
king with black image and, 107–8, 108–9
Mark and, 7, 8–9
Maurice as black Theban, 15
reunification of churches and, 151
emblem/symbol, and black image. See armorial bearings, and black image; heraldry, and black image; symbolic/emblem, and black image
Ethiopia/Ethiopians: baptism and, 50, 50–51, 157, 158, 159, 258, 260–61, 282
blacks as “part of the scenery” image and, 125, 127–35, 128, (130–33), 133, 136, 136–37, 157, 227
Bohemia, and black image of, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
cartography and, 144, 146, 148, 150–51
Christian black community and, xvii, 25, 49, 113, 115, 121, 142–43, 159
eunuch of Candace narrative and, 157, 158, 159, 258, 260–61, 282
evangelization and, 19, 50, 50–51, 56, 57–58, 58, 105, (106–7), 113, 128, 130–31, 182, 254
exoticism and, 251, 252–53
geography and, 106–7, 113, 115, 116–17, 148, 251, 252–53
king with black image and, 50, 50–51, 57–58, 58
manuscripts and, xvi
mixed marriages and, 167–68, 168–69
Moses’ wife narrative and, xvii, 261, 263
Old Testament and, xvii
pilgrimages and, 113, 115
Portugal and, 182, 201
realistic features in black image and, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
reunification of churches and, 142–44, 144–45, (145), 151, 201, 254–55
turbaned iconography and, 146
western Europeans, and contact with black Christian, 115, 121. See also Prester John
eunuch of Candace narrative, 157, 158, 159, 258, 260–61, 282
Europe/Europeans: African black images with imposed society of, 272–74, 275, 275–76, 281–83
black image paradox and, 183–84, 284
blacks, and contact with, 12–18, 71, 73, 79–80, 82, 115, 121
cartography and, 111–13, 112–21, 115–17, 146
humanism and, 251, 257, 282–83
laborer with black image and, 183–85
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 24–25, 40, 41–42, 42–43, 61
Muslims/Islam, and contact with, xvii
Ottoman Turks threat and, 31, 49, 98–99, 142, 151, 157, 176, 245–46
slaves/slavery and, 25–28, 28–29, (29), 30
virtual world of Africa/Africans and, 281–83
West African black images with imposed society of, 272–74, 275
Western, use of term, xii–xiii
world image changes and, 105–21. See also specific countries and states
evangelization: Asians/Asia and, 105–7, (106–7)
Central Africa and, 254
Egypt/Egyptians and, 104–5, 105
Ethiopia/Ethiopians and, 19, 50, 50–51, 56, 57–58, 58, 105, (106–7)
Matthew and, 19, 50, 50–51, 56, 57–58, 58
Muslims/Islam and, 104–5, 105
evolution of man, and black image, 107–8, 108–9, 242–46, 247, 248, 248–49, (249)
executioner/torturer, and black image: exoticism, 125, 128, 130
France and, 83, 84–85, 86, 86–87, 88, 90, 125, 128, 130
martyrdom of saints and, 7, 8–9, 19, 50, 50–51, 56, 57–58, 58
realistic features in black image and, 86, 88, 89–90
Spain, 90–93, 91, 173, 174, (174–75)
western Europe and, 7
exoticism: Africa/Africans and, 274, 275–76, 283
blacks as “part of the scenery” image and, 128, (132–33), 133, 136, 138, 138, 140–41
Ethiopia/Ethiopians and, 251, 252–53
executioner/torturer with black image and, 125, 128, 130
king with black image and, 188, 188–90, 190
knight/warrior with black image and, 190–92, 191
Magi-Kings narrative, 188, 189–92, 190–91
turbaned iconography and, xviii
facial features, and black images: curled hair, xiv–xv, 6–7, 7, 9, 9–10, 13, 25, 128, 132–33
lips, xiv–xv, 6–7, 13, 25, 128, 132–33, 227, 228–29, 229
nose, xiv–xv, 6–7, 13, 22, 22–23, 25, 128, 132–33, 201, 202–3, 224–25, 226
Ferdinand II (king of Aragon), 132–33, 201, 202–3, 207, 226, 228–29
Fernandes, Garcia, Birth of the Virgin, 215, (218–19), 220
feudal lords/Crusades. See Crusades/feudal lords
Fra Mauro, World map, 148, 150, 151, (152)
France/French: African geography and, 151
Alexander the Great with wild man/woman image and, 171, 172
armorial bearings with black image and, 38
artistic production with black image and, 255, 256, 257
biblical genealogy with black image and, 107–8, 108–9, 246, 248–49, (249)
blacks as “part of the scenery” image and, 125, 127–35, 128, (130–33), 133, 136, 136–37, 157, 227
cartography and, 115, 117, 118–23, 121, 124, 136, 146, 146–47, 148, 269
cartography with black images and, 248, 251, 252–53
daily/domestic life with black image and, 234, 234, 246, 248, 248–49, (249)
executioner/torturer with black image and, 83, 84–85, 86, 86–87, 88, 90, 125, 128, 130
humanism and, 124
king with black image and, 95, 96–97, 107, 108–9, 124
knight/warrior with black image and, 94, 95, 168, 168–69, (170–71), 171, 171, 172
laborer with black image and, 166, 166–67, 213, 215
Magi-Kings narrative with black attendants and, 128, (132–33), 133, 134
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 20–21, 21, 44, 44–45, 162, 166, 248
mixed marriages and, 167–68, 168–69
musicians with black image and, 124–25, 127, 251, 252–53
relics of the cross narrative and, 133, 136, 136–37, 138, 146, 157, 245
Trojan War with black images and, 168, 168–69, (170–71)
wild man/woman image and, 171, 172. See also specific rulers
Francés, Nicolás, St. Francis, 173, 174, (174–75)
Francesco di Simone da Santacroce, Adoration of the Magi, 198, 200–201
Frederick II (Holy Roman Emperor), 6–7, 12, 13, 15–16, 17
Frederick III (Holy Roman Emperor), 154, 208, 208
freedom, and blacks, viii, xviii, 26, 98, 108, 180, 213, 215
Freising, and armorial bearings with black image, 16, 32–33, 33, 34, 37, 39, 77
Geertgen tot Sint Jans, Burning of the Bones of St. John the Baptist, 234, 234–35
Gelre/Gelderland, and armorial bearings with black image, 32–33, 35, 36, 37, 76
Gentiles, and black image, 20, 66, 68, 245
George (saint), and shield with black image, 237, 238–39
Gereon (saint), and knight/warrior with black image, 60–61, 61, (61)
Germany/Germans: Antichrist narrative with black image and, 70–71, 70–73
armorial bearings with black image and, 35, 37–39, 73–74, 74–81, 76–80, 240–41, 240–42
artistic production with black image and, 71, 73, 79–80, 82, 256–57, 257–58, (258–59)
astrology and, 54–55, 54–56, 56–57
attendant with black image and, 133, 136, 136, 157
bandeaux iconography and, 56, 58
biblical genealogy with black image and, 78–79, 79, 107, 108–9, 242–46, 247
black image as emblems/symbols and, 54–55, 54–56, 56–57, 82
blacks, and contact with, 71, 73, 79–80, 82
daily/domestic life with black image and, 245–46
dancers with black image and, 221, 223
heraldry with black image and, 54, 61, 76, 77
history of black image and, 54, 71, 73, 80, 82
humanism and, 206, 241–43
king with black image and, 38–39, 40–41, (41)
knight/warrior with black image and, 38–39, 40–41, (41)
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 22–24, 23, 44, 44, 62, 62–68, 66, 74, 74–78, 76–78, 133, 160–61, 160–62, 185, 186, (186–88), 191, 195–96, 196–98, (198–99), 206, 206–7
Magi-Kings narrative with black Wise Man image and, 195–96, 198, (198–99)
Moses’ Ethiopian wife narrative, 66, 68
New Testament and, 40, 42, 42–43, 52, 66, 133, 191
Nuremberg and, 82, 151, 195, 206, 240–47, 275
popularization of Magi-Kings narrative and, 191
power, and decline of, 152
queens with black image and, 38–39, 40–41, (41)
saints’ narratives and, 56, 58, 58
Sheba as black temptress and, 66, 68, 68–70, 70
Sheba in relics of the cross narrative and, 133, 136, 136, 138, 146, 157, 245
Sheba with black image and, 66, 68–69
Sheba with white image transformed to black and, 58, 58–59
stereotypes for black image and, 82
Thomas and, 78, 78
wild men/women images and, 38–39, 40–41, (41), 171
world map and, 242–43, 243. See also Cologne
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, Adoration of the Magi, 136, 138, 138, 191
Ghirlandaio, Davide (attrib.), Coronation of the Virgin with a Black African Donor, 27, 28, (28–29)
Ghirlandaio, Domenico, Resurrection of the Boy, 27
Giotto di Bondone: The Flagellation of Christ, 7, 86, 88, 89
St. Francis and the Trial by Fire in the Presence of the Sultan, 7, 104–5, 105
Gog and Magog narrative, 70, 112, 113, 121, 146, 148
Golden Fleece, Order of the, 201, 208, 226–27
Gozzoli, Benozzo, Journey of the Magi, 27, 144, 144–45
Grasser, Erasmus, Moorish dancer, 221, 223
Great Khan (Mongol Empire): ambassadors with black image and, 171, 172–73
armorial bearings of, 73–74, 74
evangelization, 105
geography, 113, 121
influences of, 50, 53, 76
musicians with black image and, 122, 124, 126–27
Greek culture and language, 47–49, 55, 101, 147, 242, 255
Gregory the Moor, 22, 58, 60, 61
heraldry, and black image: artistic production and, 234, 237–38, 238–39, 240–41, 240–42
banners/banner bearers and, 34, 36, 36–37, 128, (132–33), 133, 134
canting arms and, 77, 237
crests and, 31, 34–35, 34–37, 37–40, 79, 80
daily/domestic life and, (236–37), 237
Germany and, 54, 61, 76, 77
history and geographic distribution of, 38, 237
honorific, 32–33, 33, 34, 37, 39
imaginary/unreal, 33, 35, 36, 37–38, 74, 76
king with black image and, 33, 39
northern Europe and, 234, 237
stereotypes for black image and, 92, 237. See also armorial bearings, and black image; shields, and black image
Hohenstaufen dynasty: Frederick II, 6–7, 12, 13, 15–16, 17
Magdeburg archdiocese and, 15
manuscripts with black image during, 13–14, 15–16, 16–17
Maurice with black image and, 15
Muslims/Islam and, 12–14, 16
Pentecost narrative and, 16–17
positive black images, and contact during, 12–18
San Zeno tower fresco and, 5, 6–7, 12–18
sculptures with black image during, 14, 14–15
humanism, and black image, 124, 188, 190, 206, 241–43, 251, 257, 282–83
Iberian peninsula. See Portugal/Portuguese; Spain/ Spanish
imperial. See armorial bearings, and black image; heraldry, and black image
India/Indians: African geography and, xvii
black communities and, xvi–xvii
earthly paradise and, 102
geography of, 121
Portuguese explorations and, 269, 272
Prester John and, 49, 78, 113
realism in black image and, xv, xvi
Thomas and, 49, 50, 53, 78, 78, 82
“Indians” of the New World images, Christian society imposed on, 272–73, 275, 275–76
inversion of meaning, and black image, 125, 127
Isabella I (queen of Castile), 132–33, 198, 201, 207, 211, 227, 228–29
Islam/Muslims. See Muslims/Islam
Italy/Italians: African geography and, 151
artistic production with black image and, 258, 261, (262–63), 263, 276–79, 279, 283
baptism of blacks and, 139, 141
biblical genealogy with black image and, 107–8, 108–9
blacks as “part of the scenery” image and, 136, 138–39, 138–39
canting arms with black image and, 236–37, 237
cartography and, 148, 150–51, 150–51, (152)
crests with black images and, 38, 38
daily/domestic life with black image and, 213, 215, 215–16, (216–17), (236–37), 237
Ethiopian geography of, 148, 150–51
humanism and, 188, 190
knight/warrior with black image and, 144, 145, (145)
laborer with black image and, 183, 213, 215, 216, (216–17), 269
Magi-Kings narrative, and popularization by, 188, 190, 190–91, 191, 195
Magi-Kings narrative and blacks as “part of scenery,” 136, 138, 138
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 162, (163–65), 166, 198, 200–201
Magi-Kings narrative with black Wise Man and, 188
Magi-Kings narrative with knight/warrior with black image and, 140–41, 144, 145, (145)
Miracle of the Black Leg narrative and, 100, 101
musicians with black image and, 122, 124, 126–27
page boy with black image and, 138–39, 138–39, (138–39), 211, 212, 215, 220
Pentecost narrative and, 105, (106–7), 258
planisphere cartography and, 117, 118–21, 146, 148–49, (149), 243, 246–47
racial prejudice and, 9
reunification of churches and, 143–44, 144–45, (145)
San Zeno tower fresco and, 5, 6–7, 12–18
servant with black image and, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
Sheba with black page boy image and, 138–39, 138–39, (138–39)
slaves/slavery and, 183, 211, 212, 213
turbaned iconography and, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
Jaspar (king of Tharsis/Tarsis), 53, 54, 76, 77
Jerome (saint), 27
Jerusalem, 9, 16, 107–8, 108–9, 112–15, 113, 128, 195
Jesus Christ: aristocratic portraiture, and life of, 207, 209, 228–29
Crucifixion, 202, 222, 223, 255, 256
Gentiles with black image and, 20
Last Supper, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
Madonna and, 25
relics of the cross narrative and, 133, 136, 136–37, 138, 146, 157, 245
scenes in life of, 128, 130, (132–33), 227, 227–29, 229
Tree of Jesse narrative and, 246, 248, 248–49, (249)
Jews: black color and, 9, 19, 99
Diaspora of, 9
Hebrew texts and, 47, 48
in Jerusalem, 9
as outcasts, xvii, 7
salvation and, 20, 66, 68, 102, 105, 245
John the Good (king of France), 95, 122
Juan de Flandes: Adoration of the Magi, 201, 202–3, 226–27
Christ Before Pilate, 227, (228–29), 229
Multiplication of the Loaves, 227, 228–29
The Resurrection of Lazarus, 227, 227
Juan de La Cosa, Map of the Old and New Worlds, 269, 270
king, and black image: aristocratic theme and, 39, 40–41, (41), 47
baptism and, 50, 50–51
biblical genealogy and, 107, 108–9
Bohemia and, 50, 50–51
Egypt/Egyptians and, 107–8, 108–9
Ethiopians and, 50, 50–51, 57–58, 58
exoticism and, 188, 188–90, 190
France/French and, 95, 96–97, 107, 108–9, 124
Germany and, 38–39, 40–41, (41)
Saracens and, 107, 108–9
servants and, 95, 96–97
stereotypes for black image and, 46
turbaned iconography and, 116–17
knight/warrior, and black image: Alexander the Great and, 168, 171, 171, 172
artistic production and, 238, 238–39
bandeaux iconography and, 108, 171, 171, 173, (176–77)
Christians and, 108
exoticism and, 190–92, 191
France and, 128, 132–33, 168, 168–69, (170–71), 171, 171, 172
Gereon and, 60–61, 61, (61)
Germany and, 38–39, 40–41, (41)
Italy and, 144, 145, (145)
Magi-Kings narrative and, 20–21, 21, 144, 145, (145), 190–92, 191
Saracens and, 15, 16, 39, 91–92, 92–94, 96, 173, 176–77, (176–77)
shields and, 86, 88, 92, 173, 178–79
Spain and, 173, 176–77, 227, (228–29), 229
Trojan War and, 168, 168–69, (170–71)
turbaned iconography and, 173, 178–79
Kulmbach, Hans von, Adoration of the Magi, 206, 206–7
laborer, and black image: Europe, 183–85
France and, 166, 166–67, 213, 215
Italy and, 183, 213, 215, 216, (216–17), 269
Last Judgment narrative, 202, 243, 245, 256–57, 257–58, (258–59), 261
Last Supper, and black image, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
Latin language and translations, xiv, 48, 53, 74, 78, 150, 241–42, 255
light, as opposite of black color, 281
Limbourg brothers, Très Riches Heures, 3, 54, 125, 127–35, 128, (130–33), 136, 227
lips, and black images, xiv–xv, 6–7, 13, 25, 128, 132–33, 227, 228–29, 229
Lochner, Stefan, Adoration of the Kings, 60, 61–62
Locke, Alain LeRoy, viii–ix
Luxembourg images, 17–21, 24
Magdeburg: archdiocese, 15
Cathedral of St. Maurice and St. Catherine, xv, 15, 19
Magi-Kings narrative: armorial bearings and, 74, 74–78, 76–78
Asians/Asia and, 269
attendant with black image and, 128–29, 128–29, (132–33), 133, 134, 196, 198, (200–201)
black image and, 19, 62, 66–67
black Wise Man image and, 24, 188, 195–96, 198, (198–99), 202, 204, 204, (204–5), 206, 282
Crucifixion of Jesus Christ and, 202
crusade against Ottoman Turks and, 155–56
cults and, 17, 22, 155, 166
Europe, and popularization of, 188, 190, 190–91, 191, 195
exoticism and, 190–92, 191
Germany and, 74, 74–78, 76–78, 190–91, 191, 195
knight/ warrior with black image and, 20–21, 21, 144, 145, (145), 190–92, 191
northern Europe, and popularization of, 24, 160, 160–61, 162, 185, 186, (186–87), (188)
Order of the Golden Fleece and, 201, 208, 226–27
page boy with black image and, 24, 201, 202, 202–3, 204, (204–5), 227, 282
portraits of aristocrats and, 62, 64, 144, 145, 160–61, 161, (163–65), 185, 198, 201, 202, 208, 208–9, 270
portraits of donors and, 202, 204, 204
robusti and, 42, 44, 44–45
scholarship on, ix, 2, 4, 12
servant with black image and, 191, (194–96), 201, 202–3, 227
shields with black image and, 76
white king image and, 24–25, 41–42, 42, 44, 44–45, 160, 160–61, 162, 208
wild men/women, and parody of, 39
Magi-Kings narrative, and king with black image: armorial bearings and, 35, 36, 37, 74, 74–78, 76–78
Bohemia and, 52, 52–53
Cologne and, 22, 22, 37
Ethiopians and, 19
Europe and, 24–25, 40, 41–42, 42–43, 61, 62, 66–67
exoticism and, 188, 188–90, 190
France and, 20–21, 21, 44, 44–45, 162, 166, 248
Germany and, 22–24, 23, 44, 44, 62, 62–68, 66, 133, 160–61, 160–62, 185, 186, (186–88), 191, 195–96, 196–98, (198–99), 206, 206–7
Germany and armorial bearings of, 74, 74–78, 76–78
history of, xvii, 2, 4, 17–18, 62, 66, 206, 208
Italy and, 21, 188, 188–90, 190
Luxembourg and, 17–18, 19
mass production
of images and, 191, 206
Portugal and, 208–9, 210, (210–11)
Prester John genealogy and, 19, 49
realistic features in black image and, 208–9, 210, (210–11)
servant with black image and, 191, (194–96), 201, 202–3, 227
Spain and, 173
stereotypes for black image and, 201–2
stylization and, 191, 195, 196, 198
Malaquais, Jean, ix–x
Mansa Musa (king of Mali), xv, 115–17, 118–23, 146
Mantegna, Andrea: Adoration of the Magi, 162, 162–63, (163–65), 166
Judith with head of Holofernes, 212, 214–15
musicians (from Triumph of Caesar), 221, 222–23
Putti and two female onlookers, 212–13, 213
manuscripts: Bible of Jean de Sy, 95, 96–97
Biblia pauperum, 40, 42, 42–43, 52, 66, 133, 191
blacks and, 52–54
Concordantiae caritatis, 42, 42–43
Ethiopia and, xvi
Hohenstaufen dynasty and, 13–14, 15–16, 16–17
planisphere cartography and, 243
Speculum humanae salvationis, 42, 44, 46, 66, 68, 68–69, 133, 202
Mark (saint), martyrdom of, 7, 8–9, 125, 128, 130
marriages, mixed, 167–68, 168–69
Martellus Germanus, Henricus, Planisphere, 243, 246–47
Martorell, Bernardo, Archangel Michael fighting Saracens, 173, 176–77
martyrdom: of Mark, 7, 8–9, 125, 128, 130
of Matthew, 19, 50, 50–51, 56, 57–58, 58
of Maurice, 15, 56, 58, 58, 245
Marziale, Marco, The Supper at Emmaus, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
Master E. S., 23, 23
Matthew (saint): burial place of, 121
evangelization in Ethiopia, 9, 19, 105, 113, 148, 150
Germany and, 56, 58, 58
martyrdom of, 19, 50, 50–51, 56, 57–58, 58
world map and, 148, 150, 150–51, (152)
Maurice (saint), black image of: artistic production and, 237
Bohemia and, 19, 47, 56, 58
Germany and, 15, 56, 58, 58
history of, 4, 15, 47, 58
Luxembourg images and, 19
in Magdeburg Cathedral, xv, 15, 19, 58
martyrdom of, 56, 58, 58
realistic features and, xv
relics of, 15
Maurice (saint), white image of, 245
Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor), 58, 201, 208, 208–9, 237, 275–76, 276
medieval period, and overview of black image, 1–5, 254–55, 282
Mediterranean world, 26, 35, 53, 70–71, 82, 98–99, 234, 237. See also specific countries and states
Memling, Hans: Adoration of the Magi (ca. 1464), 24, 160–61, 160–62, (164), (185)
Adoration of the Magi (ca. 1470–1480), 24, (186), (188)
Adoration of the Magi (1479), (185)
The Seven Joys of the Virgin, 24, 162, 185, 186, (186–87)
triptych of the Last Judgment, 256–57, 257–58, (258–59)
Menil Collection of photographs, vii–x, 3
metaphors, and black color, 101–2, 102–4
Middle Ages, and overview of black image, 1–5, 254–55, 282
military. See knight/warrior, and black image
Miracle of the Black Leg narrative, 100, 101, 229–32, 230–33
Monaco, Lorenzo, The Adoration of the Magi, 138, 140–41
Mongol Empire (Great Khan). See Great Khan (Mongol Empire)
Moriscos, 224, 226
Moses Ethiopian wife narrative, xvii, 261, 263
Muhammad preaching to Asians, 125, 127. See also Muslims/Islam
Multscher, Hans, and workshop, Adoration of the Magi, 22–23, 23
musicians, and black image: France and, 124–25, 127, 251, 252–53
history of, 185
Italy and, 122, 124, 126–27, 221, 222–23, (223)
Portugal and, 215, (219), 221, 222–23
Spain and, 221, (223)
turbaned iconography and, 13–14, 125, 127, 221, 222–23
Muslims/Islam: black image, and negative association with, 4–5, 7–9, 8–9, 10
blacks compared with, xvii
Europeans, and contact with, xvii
facial features, and curled hair of, 7, 9, 9–10
Hohenstaufen dynasty and, 12–14, 16
Moriscos and, 224, 226
Muhammad preaching to Asians and, 125, 127
Noah’s sons narrative and, 281–82
Sicily and, 13
slavery and, xvii
New Testament, and blacks, xv. See also biblical genealogy, and black image; specific characters and narratives; specific saints
New World, 269, 270–71, (270–71), 272–73, 275, 275–76
Nine Worthies, 76–78, 124–25, 127
Noah’s sons narrative, 20–21, 50, 52, 242–43, 243–44, 247, 281–82
northern Europe/Europeans: artistic production with black image and, 258, 260–61, 282
bandeaux iconography and, 171, 171
canting arms with black image and, 237
daily/domestic life with black image and, 234, 234–35
eunuch of Candace narrative, 157, 158, 159, 258, 260–61
heraldry with black image and, 234, 237
Magi-Kings narrative, and popularization in, 24, 160, 160–61, 162, 185, 186, (186–88)
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 24, 138, 159–60, 196, 198, (200–201), 201, 202, 202, 204, 204, (204–5), 206, 206–7
Miracle of the Black Leg narrative, 232
musicians with black image and, 274, 275
nose, and black images, xiv–xv, 6–7, 13, 22, 22–23, 25, 128, 132–33, 201, 202–3, 224–25, 226
Nubia: Christian black community and, 108, 110–11, 115
Islam, and Muslim conquest of, 115, 146
kingdom of, xvi, 53, 115
planisphere cartography, 146, 149
Prester John and, 117, 244
Nuremberg, 82, 151, 195, 206, 240–47, 275
Old Testament, and blacks, xv, xvii, 20. See also biblical genealogy, and black image; specific characters and narratives
Order of the Golden Fleece, 201, 208, 226–27
“others”/the Other, xi, xix, 20, 48–49, 92, 251
Ottoman Turks: artistic production with black image and, 238, 238–39
commemoration of victory over, 234, 234–35
crusade against, 39, 154–57
Europe, and threat of, 31, 49, 98–99, 142, 151, 157, 176, 245–46
Mediterranean world, and attacks by, 53, 70–71, 82, 98–99
paganism, 17, 73, 180–81
page boy, and black image: history of, ix, xi–xii, 185, 282
Italy and, 138–39, 138–39, (138–39), 211, 212, 215, 220
Magi-Kings narrative and, 24, 201, 202, 202–3, 204, (204–5), 227
portraiture with, 215, 220
Prester John and, 254
Sheba and, 138–39, 138–39, (138–39)
papacy in Rome: astrology and, 48
baptism of slaves and, 224
Burgundian states and, 153–55, 157, 166, 171, 176
crusade against Ottoman Turks, and support by, 154–57
Pius II, 154–57, 162, 227
power, and decline of, 152
reunification of churches and, 142–44, 144–45, (145), 151–52, 201
paradise, earthly: artistic production with black image and, 264, 264–65
blacks and, 181
cartography and, 112–13, 121, 146, 151
India and, 102
lost, 112
relics of the cross narrative and, 133
Pentecost narrative, 9, 10–11, 12, 16–17, 105, (106–7), 128, 258
Philip III (duke of Burgundy; Philip the Good), 153–55, 157, 161, 166, 171, 176
pilgrimages: Ethiopia/Ethiopians and, 25, 113, 115
Jerusalem and, 128, 195
Mansa Musa and, xv, 115–17, 118–23, 146
Pisanello, Episode from an Arthurian legend, 139, 141
Pius II (pope), 154–57, 162, 227
planisphere cartography: Africa and, 146, 148–49, 243, 246–47, 269, 270–71, (270–71)
Asia and, 117, 118–21, 146
Italy and, 117, 118–21, 146, 148–49, (149), 243, 246–47
New World maps and, 269, 270–71, (270–71). See also cartography
portraiture: aristocrats in Magi-Kings narrative and, 62, 64, 160–61, 161, (163–65), 185, 198, 201, 202, 208, 208–9, 270
donors in Magi-Kings narrative and, 202, 204, 204
donors with black image and, 27, 28, (28–29)
Jesus Christ life-cycle scenes and, 207, 209, 228–29
page boy with black image and, 215, 220
Portugal/Portuguese: African geography and, 151, 243–44
Burgundian states and, 153–54
daily/domestic life with black image and, 215, (218–19), 220
Ethiopia/Ethiopians and, 182, 201
evangelization and, 181–82, 201, 254
explorations and, 153, 176, 179–82, 254, 269, 272
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 208–9, 210, (210–11)
musicians with black image and, 215, (219), 221, 222–23
New World maps and, 269, 270–71, (270–71)
realistic image of blacks and, 176, 179–81
servants with black image and, 215, 220
shields with black image and, 237
slaves/slavery and, 176, 179–81
West African geography, 179, 201, 269, 270–71, (270–71)
positive images of blacks, vii, 12–18
Prester John: African geography and, 106–7, 113, 148, 150, 150–51, 176, 269
armorial bearings with black image and, 73, 74, 76, 78–80, 80–81
as black Christian Ethiopian king, 19, 20, 49, 121, 122–23
India and, 49, 78, 113
legend, and questioned existence of, 49, 150
Magi-Kings narrative, and black genealogy of, 19, 49
Nubia and, 115, 117, 244
page boy with black image and, 254
Portugal and, 182, 254–55
reunification of churches and, 142–44, 254–55
schematic representation of, xv
western Europe, and ambassadors of, 156–57
white image and, 269
world maps, and black image of, 146, 148–49, (149), 151
princes, and black image, 121–22, 123–25
princesses, and black image, 39, 40–41, (41), 50, 50–51
Ptolemy, 48, 112, 150, 179, 243, 269
queens, and black image, 38–39, 40–41, (41). See also specific queens
racial prejudice: artistic production, and effects on, vii–x
black color and, 98, 283
history of, xvii–xix
Italy/Italians and, 9
mixed-race children and, xviii, 26
Spain/Spanish and, 227, (228–29), 229
realistic features, and black image: about, vii, xv, xvi
artistic production with black image and, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
blacks as “part of the scenery” and, 125, 127–29
Bohemia and, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
Ethiopians and, 9, 50, 50–51, 52
executioner/torturer with black image and, 86, 88, 89–90
Magi-Kings narrative and, 196, 198, (200–201), 201, 202–3, 227
of Maurice, xv
servant with black image and, 201
relics of the cross narrative, and black image, 133, 136, 136–37, 138, 146, 157, 245
reunification of churches, 142–44, 144–45, (145), 151, 201, 254–55
revision of black image: Bohemia and, 50
Devil/the demon and, 50, 83, 255, 282–83
evolution of man theme and, 107–8, 108–9
humanism and, 124, 188, 190, 206, 241–43, 251, 257, 282–83
stereotypes for black image and, 176
Wise Man in Magi-Kings narrative and, 24, 188, 195–96, 198, (198–99), 202, 204, 204, (204–5), 206, 282. See also artistic production, and black image; blacks as “part of the scenery” image
robusti, and Magi-Kings narrative, 42, 44, 44–45
Rogier van der Weyden, Adoration of the Magi, 160, 160–61, 161, (162), 202
Roman Empire, 2, 4–5, 12, 17
Round Table legend, 33, 39, 92, 139, 141
royalty. See aristocratic theme
sainthood for blacks. See Maurice (saint), black image of
salvation: Jews and, 20, 66, 68, 102, 105, 245
Saracens and, 139, 141, 166, 166–67, 180
slaves and, 179–81
San Zeno tower fresco, 5, 6–7, 12–18
Saracens: bandeaux iconography and, 173, (176–77)
Crusades/feudal lords, and black image of, 39, 92, 96
king with black image and, 107, 108–9
knight/ warrior with black image and, 15, 16, 39, 91–92, 92–94, 96, 173, 176–77, (176–77)
salvation and, 139, 141, 166, 166–67, 180
slaves/slavery and, 182–83
Saxony, 15
Schongauer, Martin: Adoration of the Magi, 190–91, 191, 195
Wild man holding two shields, 238, 238
sculptures, and black image, 14, 14–15
seals, 33, 35, 240
and black image, 35
Sebastian (saint), 27
servant, and black image: France and, 26, 125, 128–29
Germany and, 191, (194–96)
history of, 185
Italy and, 27, 212–13, 212–15, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
kings and, 95, 96–97
Magi-Kings narrative and, 191, (194–96), 195–96, 198, (198–99), 201, 202–3, 227
Mediterranean world, 212–13, 213
Portugal, 215, 220
realistic features in black image and, 212–13, 212–15
Sheba and, 41–42, 42–43
Spain and, 20
turbaned iconography and, xviii, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
women as, 41–42, 42–43, 133, 136, 136–39, 138–39, 157. See also attendant, and black image
Sheba (queen): attendant with black image and, 133, 136, 136–37, 138–39, 138–39, 157
black image of, 13, 17, 24, 42, 42–43, 66
blue color, and black image of, 42, 42–43
lover/bride with black image in Song of Songs and, 66, 68–69
page boy with black image and, 138–39, 138–39, (138–39)
relics of the cross narrative and, 133, 136, 136–37, 138, 146, 157, 245
salvation for Jews/Gentiles and, 66, 68, 245
San Zeno tower fresco and, 13, 17
Solomon, and visit with gifts from, 40, 42, 42–43, 44, 46, 146, 148, 202, 245, 261, 263
as temptress with black image, 66, 68, 68–69, 70, 133
white images of, 24, 42, 42–43, 46, 52–53, 66, 68, 136, 245, 261, 263
white image transformed to black and, 24, 50, 58, 58–59. See also Solomon (king)
shields, and black image: artistic production and, 237
bandeaux iconography, 74, 92, 240, 240–41
black images on, 35, 35, 79, 79, 100, 101
geographic distribution of black images on, 74
George and, 237, 238–39
hierarchical arrangement of, 73, 76
history of, 39–40
iconography, 34, 76–78
knight/warrior with black image and, 86, 88, 92, 173, 178–79
Magi/ Kings narrative and, 76
women and, 35. See also heraldry, and black image
shields, and wild men/women image, 238, 238
Sibyl narrative, and black image, 47, 52, 66, 133, 148, 244–46, 248–49
Sicily, 12, 13, 17, 26, 183
sin as black, 5, 8
slaves/slavery: abolitionism and, xix
Arabs and, xvi–xvii
baptism and, 183, 224, 282
black image and, 211
Europe/Europeans and, 25–28, 28–29, (29), 30
freed black, viii, xviii, 180, 213, 215
Italy and, 183, 211, 212, 213
master/slave relationships and, ix, xviii
Muslims/Islam and, 181
non-Muslims and, 179–80
Portugal, and imports of West Africans, 179–80
salvation and, 179–81
Sicily and, 26, 183
slave trade and, xvi–xviii, 26
Spain/Spanish and, 183, 221, 224, 231–32, 232–33
statistics, 182–83
turbaned iconography and, 231
whites and, 26
Solomon (king): Germany and, 42, 42–43
images of, 42–43
lover/bride with black image and, xv–xvi, 25, 66, 68–69, 157, 158, 159, 168
Sheba’s visit and gifts to, 40, 42, 42–43, 44, 46, 146, 148, 202, 245, 261, 263
universalism, and wisdom of, 13, 17
wisdom of, xv–xvi, 66, 156, 157, 159, 245. See also Sheba (queen)
Song of Songs (The Song of Solomon): lover/bride with black image and, xv–xvi, 25, 66, 68–69, 157, 158, 159, 168
wisdom of Solomon narrative and, xv–xvi, 66, 157, 159. See also Sheba (queen); Solomon (king)
southern Europe/Europeans. See Mediterranean world; specific countries and states
Spain/Spanish: artistic production with black image and, 261, 264–65, 264–65, (266–67), 268
bandeaux iconography and, 173, (176–77)
baptism of blacks and, 139, 224, 224, (224–25), 282
blacks as “part of the scenery” image and, 136, 140, 142–43, 171, 173, 174, (174–75)
cartography and, 269, 270
Christian black images and, 224, (224–25), 226, 226–27, 227, 228–29
daily/domestic life with black image and, 230–32, 232–33
Devil and, 173, (174–75)
executioner/torturer with black image and, 90–93, 91
knight/warrior with black image and, 173, 176–77, 227, (228–29), 229
Magi-Kings narrative with black king image and, 173
Miracle of the Black Leg narrative and, 229–32, 230–33
Muslims/Islam and, 173, (176–77), 224, 226
racial prejudice and, 227, (228–29), 229. See also Castile
standards/standard-bearers, and black image, 34, 36, 36–37, 128, (132–33), 133, 134, 237
stereotypes, and black image: Germany and, 82
heraldry with black image and, 92, 237
king with black image and, 46
Magi-Kings narrative with black king and, 201–2
revision of black image and, 176
unrealistic features and, ix, xi–xiii, xix, 68. See also facial features, and black images
symbolic/emblem, and black image: Germany and, 54–55, 54–56, 56–57, 82
Mediterranean world and, 234, 237
Muslims/Islam, and negative, 4–5, 7–9, 8–9, 10. See also armorial bearings, and black image; heraldry, and black image
synchronological table of evolution of man, 107–8, 108–9
Thomas (saint), 49, 50, 53, 78, 78, 113, 121, 244
Titian, Laura Dianti, 215, 220
tortil iconography, 125, 127, (224–25), 226, 226–27
torturer/executioner, and black image. See executioner/torturer, and black image
Tree of Jesse narrative, and black image, 246, 248, 248–49, (249)
Trojan War, and black knight/warrior image, 168, 168–69, (170–71)
turbaned iconography: black Christians and, 227
blacks as “part of the scenery” image and, 128, (132–33), 134–35
Ethiopians and, 146
exoticism and, xviii
Germany and, 195–96, 198, (198–99)
history of, 105
Italy and, 258, 261, (262–63), 263
king with black image and, 116–17
knight/warrior with black image and, 173, 178–79
Magi-Kings narrative and, 162, 162–63, (162–63), 166, 195–96, 198, (198–99)
Mansa Musa and, 146
musicians with black image and, 13–14, 125, 127
servant with black image and, xviii, 195–96, 198, (198–99), 258, 261, (262–63), 263
slaves and, 231
Turks/Ottoman Empire. See Ottoman Turks
universalism: baptism of blacks and, 224, 282
Byzantium and, 9–12, 10–11
Magi-Kings narrative and, 144, 145, (145)
Pentecost narrative and, 9–12, 10–11, 16–17, 105, (106–7), 128, 258
Solomon’s wisdom and, 13, 17
Utrecht, 155, 157, 234
Van Aelst, Pieter Coeck, Adoration of the Magi, 206, 206–7
Verlinden, Charles, 26, 182–83, 209
W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research, vii, x, xxi
West Africa/Africans: cartography and, xv, 115–17, 118–23, 146, 149
European society imposed on black image of, 272–74, 275
Mansa Musa and, xv, 115–17, 118–23, 146. See also Africa/Africans
western Europe/Europeans: African geography and, 179, 269, 270–71, (270–71)
ambassadors from Africa and, 156–57
astrology and, 47–48
black image and, 105
black image in artistic production and, 4
cartography and, 117
cosmography and, 47–48
Ethiopian black Christians, and contact with, 115, 121
executioner/torturer with black image and, 7
exploration and, 105, 275
internal wars, 152, 153
Magi-Kings narrative and, 282
Miracle of the Black Leg narrative and, 101, 229, 230, 230–31
shields with black image and, 74. See also Europe/Europeans; specific countries and states
white image: black image transformed from, 24–25, 50, 58, 58–59
Egypt/Egyptians and, 8
Magi-Kings narrative and, 24–25, 41–42, 42, 44, 44–45, 160, 160–61, 162, 208
Maurice and, 245
Pentecost narrative and, 9
Prester John and, 269
Sheba and, 24, 42, 42–43, 46, 52–53, 66, 68, 136, 245, 261, 263
whites: blacks, and fraternal relations with, viii, xv–xvi
mixed marriages and, 167–68, 168–69
mixed-race children and, xviii, 26
monogenesis and, xviii–xix
slaves/slavery and, 26
use of term, xiv
wild men/women images: Arthurian legend and, 39
Germany and, 38–39, 40–41, (41), 171
iconography of, 38–39, 238, 238, 273, 275
“Indians” of the New World narrative and, 272–73, 275
Magi-Kings narrative parody and, 39
shields with black image and, 238, 238
Wise Man black image, and Magi-Kings narrative, 24, 188, 195–96, 198, (198–99), 202, 204, 204, (204–5), 206, 282
Wolgemut, Michael, World map, 242–43, 243
women: black image and, 35, 242, 251, 252–53
as servant with black image, 41–42, 42–43, 133, 136, 136–39, 138–39, 157. See also wild men/women images; specific women
world maps. See cartography; planisphere cartography
Zeno (saint), 18