Index

Andre, Carl, 55, 88, 89, 94, 101, 103, 104, 126 nn. 3, 10, 131 n. 3, 135 n. 37, 141 n. 28, 143 n. 41, 150 n. 8, 156 n. 56; works: Essay on Sculpture for E. C. Goosen, 54, 55; Steel-Aluminum Plain, 55

Antin, David, 103

anti-war protest, 6, 95, 100–8, 155 n. 9; against nuclear war, 104–5; against the Gulf War (1991–92), 106–07; against the Iraq War (2003–present), 107; against the Vietnam War, 95, 100–4; see also Cold War

anti-war pacifism, 100, 155 n. 89

Antliff, Allan, 88, 134 n. 30

Anuszkiewicz, Richard, 18

Appleton, Carolyn, 110

Applin, Jo, 149 n. 6

Arendt, Hannah, 95, 97

Arp, Jean, 6, 31; works: Torso Kore, 30

“Art and Architecture” (The Yale Lecture) (Judd, 1983), 34, 63, 68–70, 82, 83, 125 n. 1, 131 n. 34, 137 n. 1, 146 n. 25

“Art and Objecthood” (Michael Fried), 2, 19, 70, 72, 76, 79, 129 nn. 24–25, 126 n. 7, 147 nn. 26–27, 148 n. 34

Art as Experience (John Dewey), 3, 127 n. 18, 131 n. 34

Artforum, 89

“The Artist and Politics” (1970), 94, 97, 150 nn. 12–14 , 20, 22, 152 nn. 50, 52–53, 157 n. 113

Artist Certification Committee, 99

Artists Against the Expressway, 92–94

Artists/Tenants Association, 92

Arts Yearbook, 4

Art Workers Coalition, 94, 103, p. 152 nn. 50, 52

Aspen Center for Contemporary Art, 103

Aspen Times, 101, 103

Auden, W. H., 95

Bach, Friedrich Teja, 130 n. 28

Baer, Jo, 89, 104

Bærtling, Olle, 27 52; works: Oradalki, 52, 53

Bakunin, Mikhail, 91

Bal, Mieke, 132 n. 11

Ballantine, Peter, 73, 144 n. 5, 151 n. 38, 120 n. 157

Bannard, Walter Darby, 89

“Barnett Newman” (Judd, 1969), 27, 35, 36, 88, 137 n. 61

Barry, Robert, 104

Battcock, Gregory, 131 n. 3

Bell, Larry, 90, 149 n. 8

belief, 4, 9, 22, 31, 43, 58, 66, 68, 79, 83, 114, 146 n. 24

Bergson, Henri, 2, 5, 65, 69–70, 79, 83, 118, 120, 130 n. 29, 144 nn. 1, 3, 161 n. 13

Berkeley, George, 5

Bernstein Bros. Sheet Metal Specialists, 60, 73, 147 n. 30

Berry, Robert, 94

Beveridge, Karl, and Ian Burn, 136 n. 47, 149 n. 8

biopsychological, 4, 14, 56, 79, 88, 114–15, 142 n. 29; see also motor-affective, psychophysical

Bissinger, Karl, 101

“Black, White, and Gray” (Wadsworth Atheneum, 1964), 45

Bladen, Ronald, 104

blivet illusion, 36, 36

Bochner, Mel, 4, 60

Bois, Yve-Alain, 136 n. 52, 137 nn. 60, 66

Bollinger, Bill, 104

Bontecou, Lee, 4, 6, 19, 41, 42, 51, 52, 56, 60, 63; works: Untitled (1961), 50; Judd on, 41–42, 48, 50, 52–53, 83

Bookchin, Murray, 108

Bourne, Randolph, 155 n. 93

Brancusi, Constantin, 31; works: Endless Column, 55

Bryan-Wilson, Julia, 149 n. 6, 152 n. 50

Bryson, Norman, 115, 132 n. 11

Buchloh, Benjamin, 60, 62, 132 n. 4, 140 n. 13

Burden, Chris, 5

Buren, Daniel: works: Untitled (1971; work for the Sixth Guggenheim International), 88

Camnitzer, Luis, 104

Caro, Anthony, 10, 72

Carrier, David, 79, 145 n. 11

Castoro, Rosemarie, 89, 94

Cavell, Stanley, 129 n. 25

Chamberlain, John, 6, 16, 19, 42, 60, 63, 149 n. 8; works: Miss Lucy Pink, 40, 44, 50; Mr. Press, 42, 42, 44, 68; Redwing, 43, 43–44

chance, 10, 19, 24, 44–45, 48, 58, 83, 87, 120, 123, 126 n. 6, 138 n. 7, 140 n. 14

change, force of, 2–3, 5–6, 63, 65, 69, 76, 83, 114, 118

Chave, Anna C., 19, 88, 134 n. 25, 148 n. 31, 149 n. 8

Chomsky, Noam, 95, 97

Christo, 103

Citizens for Artists Housing, 100

Citizens for Local Democracy, 92, 95–99, 153 n. 62

“Citizens Organize to Form Urban Townships” (The Public Life), 94

citizenship, 87, 100

“Claes Oldenburg” (Judd, 1964), 53, 55–56

closure, 34–35, 36, 45, 65, 121 contrast openness

Cold War, 89, 100, 105 107

color effects vs. optical effects see optical effects vs. color effects

Colpitt, Frances, 4, 20, 129 nn. 25–26, 131 n. 1

Columbia University, 4, 128 n. 18, 130 nn. 29, 32, 144 n. 3

Commager, Henry Steele, 87

“Commitment” (Theodor Adorno), 88

“Complaints, Part I” (Judd, 1969), 10, 129 n. 25, 148 n. 14

Conner, Bruce, 3

conventional dichotomies, 2, 56, 118, 132 n. 5

conventions, 1, 3, 9, 44, 46; in art, 5, 13, 15, 16, 43, 55

Cook, Chris, 129 n. 25

Cooper, Harry, 137 n. 62

coordinate system, 36, 36

Coplans, John, 9, 110, 126 n. 4, 129 n. 21, 132 nn. 8, 10, 134 nn. 22, 34, 136 n. 54, 138 n. 5, 142 n. 32, 143 n. 34, 147 nn. 28–29, 148 n. 31, 160 n. 13

Copleston, Frederick, 34

Copley, William, 103

Courbet, Gustave, 35

credible art, 4, 6, 13, 36, 41, 43, 53, 55, 56, 58, 63, 65, 70, 87, 113–14, 118, 120–23

Cronan, Todd, 130 n. 31

Dada, 10, 48, 131 n. 3, 140 n. 13

Danto, Arthur C., 128 n. 18, 160 n. 5

Dapolito, Tony, 93

D’Arcangelo, Alan, 103

Dashper, Julian, 6, 120–22; works: Untitled (2001–2), 120–21, 121; Untitled (The Warriors), 121, 122

Davis, Stuart, 16

Davis, Whitney, 134 n. 32

Debord, Guy, 94

de Duve, Thierry, 3; on modernism: 127 n. 14, 131 n. 3, 133 n. 11, 140 n. 19

de Kooning, Elaine, 103

de Kooning, Willem, 135 n. 32

Deleuze, Gilles, 65, 118, 120

Democracy in America see USA: Total State

Derrida, Jacques, 145 n. 9

Descartes, René, 4, 52

determinacy vs. indeterminacy see indeterminacy vs. determinacy

Dewey, Fred, 151 n. 38, 153 n. 64

Dewey, John, 3, 5, 88, 126 n. 6, 128 n. 18, 130 nn. 29, 32, 131 n. 34, 144 n. 3; see also Art as Experience

dialectic, 43, 62–63, 70, 137 n. 66, 146 n. 26

Días, Eva, 130 n. 31

DiGia, Ralph, 93

direct democracy see local democracy

direct diagonal, 15, 42, 50, 51; works: John Chamberlain, Mr. Press (1961), 42; Dan Flavin, Alternate Diagonals of March 2, 1964 (1964), 8; Alfred Jensen, Duality Triumphant: Per IV: Heaven-Female, 1962), 51; Donald Judd, DSS 23 (1961), 11; Donald Judd, DSS 38 (1963), 15; Morris Louis, Hot Half (DU 653; 1962), 15; Frank Stella, Creede II (1961), 50

directness vs. indirectness, 4, 9–10, 13, 18–19, 22, 35, 42, 48, 52, 65, 68–69, 83, 89, 114, 120–122

disparity, 2, 5–6, 22, 33–34, 65, 68, 69, 83, 113–18

Di Suvero, Mark, 94, 103

Duchamp, Marcel, 10, 67, 132 n. 7, 140 n. 13, 143 n. 36; works: In Advance of a Broken Arm, 10; Readymade, 10

Dunaway, William, 103

durable and ephemeral, 5, 18, 24, 36, 58, 63, 65, 69, 76, 79, 82, 115, 123

duration (includes La Durée), 69, 79, 87, 126 n. 7, 144 n. 1

Eagleton, Terry, 89

Eakins, Thomas, 5

ease vs. unease, 3, 5, 19, 58, 87, 114, 118

Edwards, Katie, 135 n. 42

emergent universe see open universe

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 95

ephemeral and durable see durable and ephemeral

empirical proposition 2–3, 43 contrast formal concept

empiricism, 12, 36, 63, 113, 120; vs. idealism, 4–5, 52, 130 n. 28, 161 n. 13

“End the Killing in Vietnam. Negotiate Withdrawal Now!” (War Resisters League), 105

environmental preservation, 6, 108, 110

essence, 76, 129 n. 27, 148 n. 34

ethics, 2, 5, 72, 76, 79, 89, 114, 126 n. 7

Export, Valie, 94

fact-value dichotomy, 1, 2, 5, 58, 69, 72, 83, 113, 118

feedback, 114

Felver, Chris, 110, 133 n. 13, 150 n. 15, 158 nn. 145, 156, 159 n. 168, 160 n. 12

Ferrer, Rafael, 89

Finch, Henry LeRoy, Jr., 101

Finch, Julie, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 97, 99, 100, 101

Flatley, Jonathan, 130 n. 27

Flavin, Dan, 10, 90, 101, 104, 126 n. 3, 132 n. 21, 132 n. 9, 133 n. 21, 145 n. 15; works: Alternate Diagonals of March 2, 1964, 8, 9

Flückinger, Urs Peter, 46

formalism in art, 13

formalism in philosophy: formal concept, 2–3, 43, 58, 63, 127 n. 12 contrast empirical proposition

Foster, Hal, 4, 62, 131 n. 3; on Minimalism, 129 n. 27, 145 n. 15; on modernism, 129 n. 27

“14 Non-Objective Artists Against the War in Vietnam” (Paula Cooper Gallery, 1968), 104

Frampton, Hollis, 94

Frascina, Francis, 88

Fried, Michael, 2–3, 70, 121, 127 n. 15, 129 n. 25, 132 n. 5; on Judd, 19, 76, 129 n. 24; on Minimalism, 2–3, 19, 126 n. 7; on modernism, 72, 76, 79, 126 n. 7, 146 n. 26, 147 n. 27, 148 n. 34; on Frank Stella, 70, 72; see also “Art and Objecthood”

Gelfand, Marvin, 152 n. 46

Getsy, David, 138 n. 5

Giacometti, Alberto, 31

Gieskes, Mette, 149 n. 6

Gilbert, Gregory, 130 n. 31

given (as a noun), 13, 20, 36, 75

Glaser, Bruce, 132 nn. 9, 10, 133 n. 15, 136 nn. 44, 58, 140 nn. 14–15, 21, 141 n. 23

Glueck, Grace, 152 n. 45

Gogh, Vincent van, 24

Golec, Michael J., 130 n. 31

Golub, Leon, 104

Goodman, Paul, 91, 97

Goodman, Percival, 97, 183 n. 69

Gough, Maria, 131 n. 3

Graham, Dan, 79, 94

Gray, Camilla, 132 n. 3

Greenberg, Clement, 13, 127 n. 14, 129 n. 27, 131 n. 3, 132 n. 4, 133 n. 11, 135 n. 42, 138 n. 6, 140 n. 19, 143 n. 42, 147 n. 27

Gulf War (1991–92) see anti-war protest

Haacke, Hans, 94

Habermas, Jürgen, 149 n. 2, 159 n. 3

Haden-Guest, Anthony, 150 n. 9

Harrison, Charles, 131 n. 3

Haskell, Barbara, 127 n. 10, 128 n. 20, 139 n. 8, 150 n. 11

Hatofsky, Julius, 144 n. 3, 145 n. 18, 148 n. 38

Hegelianism, 43

Helman, John, 148 n. 31

Hendricks, Jon, 104

Herzen, Alexander, 91

Hightower, Jim, 110

historic preservation, 92, 108, 110

“How to Make the United States a Democracy” (The Public Life), 97, 97

Hudson, Suzanne P., 130 n. 31

Hughan, Jessie Wallace, 101

Hume, David, 4–5, 128 n. 19, 130 n. 29, 142 n. 32, 148 n. 34, 160 n. 12

Huot, Robert, 104

idealism see empiricism vs. idealism

illusion and illusionism, 48, 65–66, 69, p. 145 n. 11

indeterminacy vs. determinacy, 5, 19, 34, 41, 58–60, 63, 65, 70, 89, 113, 118, 122, 126 n. 2, n. 28, 144 n. 3, 145 n. 8, 159 n. 3, 160 n. 12; see also openness

Indiana, Robert, 103

indirectness vs. directness see directness vs. indirectness

individuality, 2–3, 9, 19, 52, 87, 89, 91, 100, 110, 141 n. 23, 152 n. 58, 154 n. 82, 158 n. 3

Insley, Will, 104

interest, 4–5, 19, 41, 52, 58, 87–88, 113–114, 118, 129 n. 24; Bergson on, 79; Flatley on, 130, n. 27; Foster on, 129 n. 27; Fried on, 76, 129 n. 24, 148 n. 33; James on, 83; Jay on, 88; Judd on, 4, 16, 31, 160 n. 8; Ngai on, 129 n. 27; Perry on, 4; Raskin on, 129 n. 25

Iraq War (2003–present) see anti-war protest

Irwin, Robert, 5, 149 n. 8

James, Nathaniel William, 102

James, William, 58, 83, 100, 102, 122, 128 n. 19, 159 n. 169

Jay, Martin, 88

Jefferson, Thomas, 91, 95, 151 n. 39

Jeffersonianism, 91, 92, 95

Jensen, Alfred, 51–52; works: Duality Triumphant: Per IV: Heaven-Female, 51, 51

“John Chamberlain: another view” (Judd, 1963), 41–45

Joselit, David, 159 n. 3

Joseph, Brandon W., 132 n. 7

Judd, Donald, education, 4–5, 128 n. 18, 130 nn. 29, 32, 144 n. 3; homes and properties: 108, 111; 101 Spring Street, 46, 49, 142 n. 29; Architecture Studio (Bank Building), 110, 110; Ayala de Chinati, 109, 111; Chinati Foundation/La Fundación Chinati, 38–39, 80–81, 84–85; interviews with: 13, 34–35, 44, 58, 70, 72, 107, 110, 125 n. 1, 126 nn. 4, 6, 127 n. 14, 129 nn. 21, 25, 130 n. 28, 133 n. 21, 134 n. 34, 139 n. 9, 142 nn. 30–32, 147 nn. 26, 28, 29, 148 n. 31, 156 n. 84, 156 n. 105, 159 n. 168, 159 n. 5; military service, 101, 155 n. 97; Mansana de Chinati/The Block, 27, 29; on “American” art, 27; on John Chamberlain, 16, 41–45, 48, 50, 140 n. 14; on Willem de Kooning, 135 n. 42; on economics, 89–90, 110–11, 131 n. 34; on Thomas Jefferson, 151 n. 33, 152 n. 60; on Alfred Jensen, 51; on Roy Lichtenstein, 55; on Minimalism, 1, 125 n. 1, 127 n. 16, 131 n. 1; on Robert Morris, 46, 138 n. 10; on Barnett Newman, 79, 83, 115, 137 n. 61; on Claes Oldenburg, 41–42, 53–56; on Jackson Pollock, 43, 79, 115; on Mark Rothko, 115; on Peter Saul, 122; on George Segal, 52; on Steel–Aluminum Plain (Andre), 55; on Frank Stella, 50–52, 58; on Clifford Still, 115; on David Smith, 44; political activity, 88–90, 92–94, 97, 101, 103–10; political beliefs: 89–111; relationship with Newman, 90–91; relationship with Shapiro: 90; works: American Flag in Negative Colors of the Spectrum (c. 1968), 86; Bernstein 89-13 (1989), 20, 21; Drawing of an Object from 1966 (1966), 68; DSS 19 (1961), 36, 37; DSS 23 (1961), 10 , 11, 12, 15; DSS 25 (1961), 72, 73; DSS 29 (1962), 8, 9, 16, 123; DSS 30 (1962), 12, 12; DSS 32 (1962), 46, 47; DSS 33 (1962), 12, 13, 46; DSS 35 (1963), 13; DSS 38 (1963), 15, 15–16; DSS 39 (1964), 73, 75; DSS 40 (1963), 72, 73; DSS 41 (1963), 20, 73, 75; DSS 43 (1963), 72, 73; DSS 44 (1963), 72–73, 74; DSS 45 (1964), 19–20, 20, 73; DSS 47 (1964), 73, 74; DSS 48 (1964), see To Dave Shackman; DSS 55 (1964), 31, 33; DSS 56 (1964), see To Susan Buckwalter; DSS 57 (1965), 58, 59, 60; DSS 58 (1965), 17, 18, 19, 58, 60, 65; DSS 59 (1965), 33–34, 34; DSS 65 (1965), 45, 46, 73; DSS 80 (1966), 33; DSS 84 (1966), 66, 66, 67–68, 69, 144 n. 5; Krauss on, 66; DSS 85 (1966), 30, 33; DSS 86 (1966), 33; DSS 87 (1966), 33; DSS 88 (1966), 32, 33; DSS 104 (1967), 76, 78, 79; DSS 122 (1968), 33–34; DSS 130 (1966/68), 1, 5; DSS 143 (1968), 33–34, 35; DSS 145 (1968), 64, 65; DSS 160 (1969), 46, 47; DSS 199 (1969), 33–34; DSS 212 (1970), 22; DSS 221 (1970), 46, 47, 73, 76; DSS 223 (1970), 20, 21, 22; DSS 224 (1970), 22, 22; DSS 241 (1971), 27; DSS 246 (1971), 27, 28; DSS 259 (1971), 27; DSS 266 (1972), 33–34; Lehni 84-88 (1984), 22, 24, 24; plan of fifteen untitled works in concrete, 82; Sadam es Malo/Bush Es Peor (1991), 106, 106; To Dave Shackman (DSS 48; 1964), 13, 14; Robert Smithson on, 13; To Susan Buckwalter (DSS 56; 1964), 33; Untitled (1974–75; concrete triangular prism in Adelaide, South Australia), 27, 27; Untitled (1976; five plywood prisms in five galleries at Kunsthalle Bern, Switzerland), 73, 77 ; Untitled (15 variations on a box) (1976), 82, 83; Untitled (“Quotes for the War Resisters League” (printed 1971), 95, 97; Untitled (1977; two shallow concrete cylinders in Münster, Germany), 27, 28; Untitled (1980–84; fifteen untitled works in concrete installed in the Chihuahuan desert at the Chinati Foundation, Marfa, Texas), 80–81, 82–83, 84, 85; Stockebrand on, 82; Untitled (1982–86; one hundred untitled works in aluminum installed in two redesigned artillery sheds, Chinati Foundation, Marfa, Texas), 36, 38–39, 118; Untitled (86-25) (1986), 60, 61; Untitled (1989; rectangular prism of enameled aluminum pans), 22, 24, 25; Untitled (No. 6 Baden-Baden) (1989), 58, 59, 60; Untitled (1991), 123, 123; writings see titles of individual essays and reviews

Judd, Flavin, 108

Judd, Rainer, 158 n. 148

Kandinsky, Wassily, 34; works: Composition VII, No. 186, 34

Kapoor, Anish, 6, 115, 118; works: Cloud Gate, 115, 116–17, 118; 1000 Names, 118, 119

Kaprow, Allan, 5, 103

Karp, Walter, 92

Katz, Alex, 104

Kelly, Jeff, 130 n. 31

Kempton, Murray, 95, 97

Kester, Grant H., 160 n. 9

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 100

Klein, Yves, 27

Kohn, Adrian 136, n. 57, 149 n. 8

Kollwitz, Käthe, 106

Kopie, Jeff, 104, 133 n. 18, 151 n. 38, 158 nn. 142, 147, 157

Korean War, 101, 105, 140 n. 18

Kosuth, Joseph, 94

Krauss, Rosalind, 2–3, 18, 34, 70, 82, 132 n. 7, 133 n. 14; on Minimalism, on modernism, 126 nn. 3–4, 145 n. 8; on Judd, 66–69, 130 n. 28, 136 n. 56, 142 n. 30, 148 n. 31; see also “Allusion and Illusion in Donald Judd”

Kropotkin, Peter, 91

Kryzcka, Anna, 133 n. 20

Kusama, Yayoi, 3, 27; works: Nets (1952–60), 26

Lambert-Beatty, Carrie, 149 n. 6, 155 n. 90

Landsman, Stanley, 103

Lawrence, James, 133 n. 17, 137 nn. 59–60

Lee, David, 104

Lee, Pamela M., 79, 160 n. 12

“Lee Bontecou” (Judd, 1960), 48

“Lee Bontecou” (Judd, 1963), 53

“Lee Bontecou” (Judd, 1965), 19, 48, 53, 141 n. 23

leftist politics, 87–89; see also New Left, Reformist Left

Leja, Michael, 5

Lenin, Vladimir, 106

Leo Castelli Gallery, 46, 76

“Letter from Don Judd to Robert Smithson and Nancy Holt, dated June 7, 1969,” 92, 93

Levine, Jack, 103

Levine, Les, 103

LeWitt, Sol, 20, 60, 94, 101, 104; works: ABCD 5, 60, 62

“Liberating Quality of Avant-garde Art” (Meyer Schapiro), 88, 150 n. 9

Lichtenstein, Roy, 6, 31, 33, 55, 92, 103; works: Drowning Girl, 31; Untitled (Pair), 30, 31, 55; Wham! (1963), 31

Lindsay, John, 92

Lippard, Lucy, 5, 13, 58, 70, 92, 94, 104

local democracy, 6, 88, 89, 91–92, 94–100, 110–11

“Local History” (Judd, 1964), 53, 127 n. 17

local order, 2, 5–6, 34, 36, 50, 53, 58, 59-60, 79, 83, 87, 114–18, 126 n. 6; Judd on, 31, 36, 126 n. 6; see also transition vs. meaning

Locke, John, 3, 5, 91, 128 nn. 19–20, 130 n. 29

Lohse, Richard Paul, 27, 52

“Long discussion not about master-pieces but why there are so few of them, Part I” (Judd, 1984), 111

“Long discussion not about master-pieces but why there are so few of them, Part II” (Judd, 1984), 89, 101, 111, 139 n. 8, 142 n. 30

Louis, Morris, 6, 10, 13, 15, 16; works: Hot Half (DU 653; 1962), 15, 15

Lovatt, Anna, 149 n. 6

Lower Eastside Neighborhoods Association, 92

Lower Manhattan Citizens for Local Democracy, 97

“Lower Manhattan Township” (The Public Life), 92, 93

Lozano, Lee, 94

Lundberg, Ferdinand, 90

Malevich, Kasimir, 9, 35, 131 n. 3

Mangold, Robert, 104

manifold, 52, 69, 135 n. 36; see also multiplicity

Marfa, Texas, 46, 104–5, 108–11

Matisse, Henri, 5, 52

Matta-Clark, Gordon, 94

McNamara, Robert, 101

Mead, George Herbert, 159 n. 3

meaning vs. transition see transition vs. meaning

Memoirs of a Revolutionist (Peter Kropotkin), 91

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 2–3, 70, 126 n. 10, 148 n. 34

metaphysics, 52, 79, 82, 130 n. 28–29, 145 n. 18, 146 n. 23

Meyer, James, 3, 4, 79, 125 n. 1, 126 n. 10, 129 n. 25, 130 n. 32, 131 n. 3, 132 n. 9, 133 nn. 12, 16, 141 n. 28

Michaels, Walter Benn, 128 n. 19

Millet, Catherine, 130 n. 28

Minimalism, 41, 42, 60, 76, 79, 88, 113, 125 n. 1, 126 n. 3, 126 n.10, 128 n. 18, 129 n. 27, 131 n. 3, 132 n. 7, 133 n. 11, 139 n. 10, 143 n. 41, 148 n. 31, 149 n. 8, 159 n. 2

modernism, 9, 13, 18, 34–35, 50, 62, 66–67, 70, 118, 131 n. 3, 132 n. 5

Mondrian, Piet, 34–35, 52

Morris, Robert, 46, 72, 88, 101, 103, 104, 126 n. 10, 128 n. 17, 132 n. 3, 135 n. 37, 136 n. 53, 139 n. 10, 144 n. 6, 147 nn. 27, 29, 148 n. 30, 156 n. 106; works: Column, 46; Two Columns, 45; Untitled (For R. K.), 118; Untitled (Frame), 45, 46; Untitled (Portal), 45, 46; Untitled (Slab), 45; Judd on, 46, 48, 140 n. 13, 142 n. 30,

Motherwell, Robert, 5, 103

motor-affective, 4; see also biopsychological, psychophysical

multiplicity, 24, 36, 52–53, 58, 60, 69, 115, 132 n. 7, 135 n. 36, 141 n. 21; see also manifold

Mumford, Lewis, 91, 95

Murray, Robert, 90, 92, 104

Neck-Yoder, Hilda van, 125 n. 1

neo-avant-garde, 42, 62–63, 131 n. 3, 132 n. 4

Nevelson, Louise, 92

New Left, 6, 91, 150 n. 9

Newman, Annalee, 90, 137 nn. 59–60, 151 nn. 25, 28–30

Newman, Barnett, 6, 12, 24, 27, 35, 41; political activity, 91, 92; relationship with Judd: 90–91; works: Lace Curtain for Mayor Daley, 88; Shining Forth (to George), 35–36, 37

Newspaper of Lower Manhattan Township, 98, 99, 100, 154 n. 71

New York Metropolitan Council on Housing, 93

New York Peace Action Committee, 95, 104, 156 n. 111

Ngai, Sianne, 130 n. 27

Noland, Kenneth, 13, 15, 16, 70, 92, 121

nonsensical concepts, 3, 24, 67, 69; see also Wittgenstein

Novros, David, 90, 104

object, 2–3; literalist, 2, 76; specific, 3, 4

objecthood, 2

Oldenburg, Claes, 4, 6, 19, 41, 42, 60, 63, 88, 94, 103, 142 n. 29; works: Floor Cone, 53, 54, 55; Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks, 88; Soft Switches (Version 2; CO/N-11), 55–56, 57, 76

Olitski, Jules, 70, 72

Olson, Doug, 104

open universe, 1, 6, 36, 69, 79, 82–83, 113, 115, 118, 125 n. 2, 160 n. 5

openness, 9, 22, 24, 34, 36, 41, 43–46, 48, 50, 53, 56, 60, 63, 69, 70, 113, 118, 122–23, 125 n. 2 contrast closure

optical effects vs. color effects, 18, 22, 65, 79, 123

Oteiza, Jorge, 27

pattern, 13, 20, 22, 33, 36, 45, 52, 68, 83, 134 n. 35

Paula Cooper Gallery, 101, 104

Peace Tower, 103–4

Peirce, Charles, 5, 89, 100, 128 n. 19, 139 n. 8, 143 n. 36, 161 n. 13

Perl, Jed, 130 n. 31

Perry, Ralph Barton, 4, 5, 43, 87, 129 n. 25; on interest, 4

perspectivism, 67, 145 n. 11

Petlin, Irving, 89

phenomenology, 2–3, 83, 126 n. 10, 148 n. 34

physics, quantum, 52, 58, 142 n. 31

physics and fantasy, 4, 6, 65, 69

Picasso, Pablo, 4, 35

Pinder, Kymberly N., 118

polarity, 1, 5, 24, 34, 36, 42–44, 48, 53, 63, 65, 67, 69, 79, 83, 114, 118, 121,

Pollock, Jackson, 5, 6, 24, 35, 41, 46; works: Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) (1950), 24, 26

Poons, Larry, 18, 45; works: Sicilian Chance, 44, 45

Popper, Karl, 1, 43, 62–63, 113, 125 n. 2, 134 n. 28, 138 n. 4, 143 n. 40

Porter, Fairfield, 5

Potts, Alex, 19, 22, 126 n. 10, 136 n. 52, 137 n. 2

Pousette-Dart, Joanna, 94

Powers, John, 103

pragmatism, 3, 5, 31, 63, 82, 88, 89, 114, 126 n. 6, 128 nn. 18–19, 130 nn. 28, 32, 144 n. 3, 145 n. 18

presence and presentness, 65–66, 76, 79

“Primary Structures” (Jewish Museum, 1966), 30, 33, 41,125 n. 1

Prospects of Industrial Civilization (Bertrand Russell and Dora Black; 1923), 110

psychophysical, 118; see also biopsychological, motor-affective

Public Life, 92, 93, 94, 94–97, 97, 98, 99, 152 n. 58, 156 n. 105

Putnam, Hillary, 1, 63, 142 n. 31

Rabinowitch, David, 1, 118

Rajchman, John, 130 n. 31

Rainer, Yvonne, 88, 92, 100 ; works: WAR (1970), 88, 100

Raskin, David, 128 n. 19, 129 n. 25, 130 nn. 28–29, 133 n. 14, 137 n. 59, 139 n. 8, 140 n. 14, 141 n. 21, 145 n. 15, 149 nn. 1, 7, 152 n. 50, 153 n. 64

Rauschenberg, Robert, 6, 12, 45–46, 87, 92, 103, 160 n. 5; works: Combines, 10, 120; First Landing Jump, 10, 10

Read, Sir Herbert, 91

Reagan, Ronald, 105

Reformist Left, 6, 48, 88, 118, 150 n. 9

Reinhardt, Ad, 12, 27, 52, 103

Riley, Bridget, 18, 50

Ringgold, Faith, 94

Rodchenko, Aleksandr, 131 n. 3

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 105–6

Roosevelt, Theodore, 107

Rorty, Richard, 5, 88, 126 n. 6, 143 n. 42, 150 n. 9,

Rose, Barbara, 5, 115, 125 n. 1, 142 n. 32, 147 n. 26, 156 nn. 107, 111

Rosenquist, James, 103, 104

Rosler, Martha, 94

Rothko, Mark, 24, 115, 136 n. 59

Ruscha, Ed, 89

Russell, Bertrand, 101, 110, 128 n. 19, 130 n. 29

Russian Constructivism, 131 n. 3

Ryman, Robert, 5, 104

Sandback, Fred, 69; works: Untitled, 71

Sanger, Mary, 110

Santayana, George, 5, 128 n. 19, 130 n. 29, 144 n. 3

satisfaction see ease vs. unease

scale, 1, 6, 9, 19, 22, 36, 41, 55, 56, 68, 72, 79, 83, 113, 118, 120; Carl Andre on, 135 n. 37; Judd on, 34, 136 n. 53, 136 n. 59, 137 n. 60; Robert Morris on, 135 n. 37; David Rabinowich on, 118; Robert Smithson on, 22

Schapiro, Meyer, 88, 130 n. 29

Schoonhoven, Jan, 27; works: R 70–74, 26

Schreyach, Michael, 130 n. 31, 135 n. 32

Segal, George: works: Woman in a Restaurant Booth, 52, 52

Semonin, Paul, 101, 103; works (as Violet Ray): This is the Spell of Chanel, 101, 102; Marlboro Round-up, 101, 102

sense data, 66, 69, 148 n. 33

sequential experience, 5, 9, 18–19, 18–20, 22, 24, 30–31, 34, 36, 42, 48, 73, 83, 114, 135 n. 42

Serra, Richard, 5, 41, 89; works: Stop Bush, 106, 106; Tilted Arc, 118; on Judd, 63

“Shall We Tear Down the Ghettos or Let Them Burn Up?” (War Resisters League), 105

Shannon, Joshua, 94, 149 n. 6

Shapiro, H. R., 90, 91, 92, 95, 97; relationship with Judd: 90, 92

Sheepshead Bay Township, 98

Shiff, Richard, 3, 58, 69, 125 n. 1, 126 n. 6, 130 n. 31, 137 n. 65, 139 n. 8, 141 nn. 21, 24

Siegelaub, Seth, 94

Singerman, Howard, 130 n. 31

skepticism, 52–53, 55, 66–67, 79, 89, 122

Smith, Brydon, 152 n. 59

Smith, David, 31; works: Cubi XIX, 43, 44

Smith, Roberta, 130 n. 29, 154 n. 71, 155 n. 90

Smith, Tony, 72, 91; works: Die, 33

Smithson, Robert, 22, 41, 56, 58, 104; on Judd, 56, 60, 63, 79; on DSS 48, 13; on DSS 58, 56

Snow, Michael, 94

SoHo Artists Association, 92

“Some Aspects of Color in General and Red and Black in Particular” (Judd, 1993), 6, 24, 27, 31, 35, 46, 52, 108, 118, 146 n. 24

specificity and generality in art, 3, 4, 24, 31, 34, 36, 52, 68, 83, 118

“Specific Objects” (Judd, 1965), 3–4, 5, 34, 91, 114, 145 n. 14

Spero, Nancy, 104

Stanczak, Julian, 18; works: Confluence, 16

Stella, Frank, 3, 12–13, 50–52, 70, 92; works: Copper Paintings series, 50; Creede II, 50, 50; Valparaiso Green, 70, 140 n. 19

Stephen, Fitz James, 122

Stevens, May, 104

Stevens, Molly, 108

Still, Clifford, 24, 115, 135 n. 40

Stockebrand, Marianne, 60, 82, 132 n. 7, 133 n. 16, 135 n. 39, 149 nn. 39–40

Student Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, 95, 104

Students for Local Democracy, 153 n. 62

symmetry and asymmetry, 13, 33, 36, 58, 68, 123, 134 n. 31, 139 n. 8

Taylor, Mark C., 131 n. 3

Taylor, Paul, 150 n. 14

Thiebaud, Wayne, works: Cakes No. 1, 54; Judd on, 55, 122

Tischler, Barbara, 91

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 95

transition vs. meaning, 3, 5, 19, 42, 63, 65–68; see also local order, sequential experience

trial and error, 13, 33, 41, 43, 76, 83, 87, 120, 143 n. 40

Truitt, Anne, 3

Tuchman, Phyllis, 142 n. 32

Turgenev, Ivan, 91

Twombly, Cy, 145 n. 9

uncertainty see openness

unease vs. ease see ease vs. unease

urban renewal, 88, 92–94, 99

USA: Total State (1986; H. R. Shapiro), 92, 151 n. 38

Valentine, DeWain, 103

Vasarely, Victor, 6, 16, 18, 50; works: Ouk 2, 16

Vicente, Esteban, 103

Vietnam War see anti-war protest

Volmer, Ruth, 94

Wagner, Anne M., 114

Walker, Kara, 6, 118, 120; works: Darkytown Rebellion, 118, 120, 120

Wall, Jeff, 79

Wall, Rachele, 92

Ward, Frazer, 131 n. 3, 159 nn. 2–3

Warhol, Andy, 5

War Resisters League, 93, 95, 100–1, 103–4, 155 n. 94

Weiner, Lawrence, 89

Weiner, Rob, 157 n. 120

Westbeth Peace Festival, 95

Westermann, H.C., 6, 18–19, 87; works: A Rope Tree, 18, 18–19, 50

“What a Democratic NY City Would Look Like” (The Public Life), 98

wholeness, 4, 6, 22, 24, 31, 36, 46, 52, 60, 65, 67, 69, 76, 82, 90, 115, 118, 128 nn. 18–19, 129 n. 24, 132 n. 4, 135 n. 40, 142 n. 31, 144 n. 6, 158 n. 3

Willett, Margot, 129 n. 25

Williams, Rebecca, 158 n. 151

Williams, Tom, 149 n. 6

Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 5, 115, 127 n. 12, 128 n. 18

Youngerman, James, 104

Zelavansky, Paul, 97

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