Index

Petridis, Constantine

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Index

Constantine Petridis (Editor)

The Language of Beauty in African Art

Index

Author

Constantine Petridis (Editor)

PublisherArt Institute of Chicago

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-22996

Index

A

Abhinavagupta, 122

Abiodun, Rowland O., 124n12, 125n39, 310, 312n5, 314n4

ewà, 127n93

ìwà, 161n3

ìwà rere, 124n22

abstraction

Bamana jɛya, 110–11, 131

Baule and, 109

moderation and the mean, 109, 127n78

Pende and, 111

Achebe, Chinua, 101

Adams, Monni, 38n5

Adepegba, Cornelius O., 312n5

adze, ceremonial (cat. 133), 184

aesthetics

aesthetic property realism, 122

contextual, 120–22

evolutionary, 120, 122, 129n139

homo aestheticus, 95, 120–22

philosophical, 120–22, 311, 312n8

global perspective on, 129n138, 129n142

Kant and, 38n2

subjectivism in, 129n145

as a term, 97, 123n2, 123–24n7, 129n138

See also African aesthetics, sub-Saharan

affecting presence, 115, 128n109

Afikpo, 116, 295, 311

Afo

mother-and-child figure (cat. 145), 191

African aesthetics, sub-Saharan multisensoriality, 101–2

religious function of beauty, 102–5

See also African aesthetics, sub-Saharan, ethical basis of; anthropomorphism; balance or symmetry; beauty; clarity; completeness; essentialism; functionality; idealization; moderation and the mean; refinement or delicacy; smoothness; ugliness; vitality; youthfulness

African aesthetics, sub-Saharan, ethical basis of, 32–34, 38n11, 97–101, 108, 110, 113, 121, 124n16, 155, 161n20, 163, 314n5

African art

avant-garde appreciation and inspiration from, 32, 71–74, 79

as curiosity, 32, 71, 73

as ethnographic specimen or artifact, 32, 71–72, 76, 79

Greek art compared with, 32, 33, 38n17, 39n27, 73, 76–77

modern art equated with, 32, 71–77, 79

performative and dynamic nature of, 32, 34, 38n29, 101, 125n38

as souvenir or curio, 71, 79

Western reappraisal of, 71–77

See also African sculpture

African art history, 310–14

anthropological/contextual

approach to, 32, 33, 37, 120–22, 249, 311, 314n4

anthropologists’ role, 17, 23n3, 23n9, 31, 96, 310–11, 312n14, 312n17

fieldwork, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23n1, 23n3, 23n8, 161n20

comparative approach to, 19, 22, 23n14, 96, 127n93, 312n15, 314, 314n5

decolonization of, 31, 53n3

in the United States, 17, 23n1, 23n3, 31, 311–12, 312n5

in the West, 31, 96, 311–12

African diaspora, 33, 38n6, 96, 123n4, 312

African sculpture

photography of, 71, 73–74, 76, 77

scholarly emphasis on, 31, 38n4, 313

visual-conceptual approach, 106, 109, 110–11

See also anthropomorphism; balance or symmetry; clarity; glossiness or luster; naturalism; smoothness; youthfulness

agbogho mmuo, (cats. 270 271) 288, (cat. 272) 289

Agbónbiofé of Efon-Alaiye olúmèye (cat. 89), 145

àgéré Ifá, 105, (fig. 10) 106, (cat. 90) 146

Aghem

mambu mask (cat. 230), 260

agriculture, 22, 96, 104, 109

Ajere Elewa of Epe face mask (cat. 87), 144

Ajiboye, Olusegun, 312n5

Akan, 23nn9–10, 311

bracelet (cat. 118), 173

Alakoro masks, 117–18

alie kora masks, 126n48

ancestors, 17, 96, 102, 116, 155, 203, 246, 249

Annang ɛkpo as embodiments of, 99–100, 116

Bini as honoring, 125n47

commemoration of, 203

Dan masks as honoring, 102–3, 104, 125n45, 203

Igbo offerings to, 306

Igbo ugonachonma as embodiments of, 292

Luluwa as honoring, 126n50

Okpella masks as honoring, 109

See also power objects; reliquary guardian figures

Andrews, J. Kweku, 23n9, 311

angbaï (cat. 226), 257

Angola. See Chokwe; Ovimbundu; Yombe

Aniakor, Chike C., 98–99, 109, 310

anklets, (cat. 121) 175, (cat. 123) 176

Annang, 99–100, 101, 116, 125n29, 128n115, 311

masks

idiok ɛkpo, 99–100, (figs. 3, 4) 100, 125n30

mfɔn ɛkpo, 99, (figs. 1, 2) 99

ntuen-akpo, 127–28n100

uyai akpo vs. uyai esit idem, 124n24

Anogiri mask, 104, (fig. 9) 105

antelope, 109–11

anthropology. See under African art history

anthropomorphism, 34–34, 38n4, 39n27, 96, 107–8, 111

Bamana figures, 111

Baule figures and sɛsɛ, 103, 106, 107

Fang figures, 106

generalizing/resemblance, 109, 111, 127n79

Luluwa fertility figures, 126n50

objects with anthropomorphic embellishments, 41, (cat. 38) 63, 163

Pende, 111, 125n40

“visual colonialism” and, 123n5

Yòrùbá figures and jíjora, 109, 111

See also balance or symmetry; figures; idealization; moderation and the mean; youthfulness

Apollinaire, Guillaume, 71, 77

Armstrong, Robert Plant, 115, 143n128

Arnoldi, Mary Jo, 125n32, 127n81

“Art as a Verb in Iboland” (Cole), 101, 125n38

“art for art’s sake,” 18, 33, 35

“art for life’s sake,” 33, 38n21

“artification,” 71, 77n6

art market, 17, 25, 31–32, 71, 74, 79

Bangwa Queen, 76

Chibinda Ilunga figure, 25, (cat. 5) 29

promotion of certain genres, 77

“L’art nègre” (Warnod), 73, 77n10

“Arts décoratifs et curiosités artistiques” (Warnod), 73

Asante, 123n5, 129n141, 311

“restrained naturalism,” 123n5

scorpion ring (cat. 119), 173

asu ngi (cat. 234), 263

asymmetry

“balanced asymmetry,” 126n60

intentional, 100, 116, 118, 251

negative responses to, 120

atwonzen (cat. 23), 53

avant-garde, 32, 35, 71–74, 76, 77, 79

“awesome art,” 35, 37, 297. See also power objects

Awka-Onitsha (Igbo). See Igbo: cats. 266 268 270

axe, ceremonial (cat. 185), 220

B

backrest

Mangbetu (cat. 27), 56

Bafo

face mask (cat. 58), 89

Baga

banda mask (cat. 225), 256

d’mba mask (cat. 140), 188

Bakra, 19

Bakwa Mushilu (Luluwa). See Luluwa: cat. 148

balance or symmetry, 105–7, 120, 131

Dan masks, 102

Fang bibwe, 105–6, 108, 131, 311

positive responses to, 121

Sande masks, 114

Yòrùbá dídógba, 105, 158

Yòrùbá ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì, 108, 126nn72–73, 131, 161n15

See also asymmetry

Balogun, Fidelis Odun, 310

Bamana, 121, 312, 312n17

cɛnya, 97, 101

essentialism, 111

figures

female (cats. 77 78), 139

zoomorphic (cat. 221), 252

headdresses

Ciwara, 109–11, (fig. 14) 110, 117, (cat. 65) 132, (cats. 66 67) 133, (cat. 73) 136

N’gonzon kun (cats. 68 69), 134

N’tomo kun, (cats. 74 75) 137, 246

sogoni kun (cats. 70 71 72), 135

helmet (cat. 137), 186

hobbyhorse, head of (cat. 251), 276

jɛya, 110–11, 117, 127n81, 127n93, 131

kolo, 110, 127n93, 131

masks, 101

sokun kun (cat. 253), 277

suruku (cat. 252), 277

Yayoroba, 101, (fig. 5) 101

nyama, 37, 246

nyuman, 111, 163

physiognomic inferences, 125n32

proverbs, 101, 127n83, 128n100, 249

puppet (cat. 76), 138

sara, 101

smoothness/smooth skin, 117, 125n34

yɛrɛmine, 126–27n74

See also Kɔmɔ society

Bamileke

headdress (cat. 131), 182

king’s palace (fig. 7), 36, 36

pipe (cat. 45), 67

portrait of a queen (wife of King Njike) (cat. 56), 87

prestige stool (cat. 22), 52

trophy head (cat. 23), 53

Western “discoveries” of, 94

Bamum

crest mask (cat. 130), 182

display cloth (cat. 46), 68–69

tungunga mask (cat. 55), 86

banda (cat. 225), 256

Bangwa, 77

Bangwa Queen, 76

drum (cat. 57), 88

Troh masks, 117, (fig. 22) 117, 251, (cat. 232) 261, (cat. 233) 262

Bantu, 37

Batammaliba, 311

Baule, 34, 38n3, 73, 77, 115, 129n141, 311, 314n6

aesthetico-moral concepts, 16–23, 98

aguin, 124n11

asie usu, 17–19, 103, 104

“balanced asymmetry,” 126n60

blolo bian and blolo bla, 17, 103

cleanliness, 20–22, (fig. 6) 21, 23n13, 104

divination objects

gbekre (cat. 180), 216

lawle or lowre (cat. 181), 216

door (cat. 182), 217

figures, 17–19, 22, 103, (fig. 8) 104, 203, (cat. 169, 170) 210, (cats. 171 172) 211, (cats 173, 174) 212, (cat. 175) 213

male and female paired (cat. 175), 213

monkey (cat. 229), 19, 259

“person of the village,” 19, 21, 104

Western-style clothing, 141n54

hairstyling, 19, 20, (figs. 4, 5) 20, 104, 107, 126n60

heddle pulley (cat. 112), 170

Himmelheber’s Negerkünstler, 18, (fig. 1) 18, (figs. 4, 5) 20, (fig. 6) 21, 310

household hearth (fig. 2), 18

intentional ugliness, 34, 126n50

klanman, 103–4, 203

klo sran, 104

kpa, 126n51

masks

alie kora, 126n48

bo nun amuin (cats. 227 228), 258

gba gba, 128n105

kpan (cat. 176), 214

mblo (cat. 178), 215

ndoma (cats. 177 179), 215

Mbra (fig. 3), 19, 19

moderation and the mean, 107, 108, 109, 111, 126n67, 127n77

necklace (cat. 115), 172

pendants (cats. 116 117), 173

proverbs, 17, 21, 103, 124n12

refinement, 17, 23n5

scarification, 19, 104, 107, 126n60

sɛsɛ, 107, 108, 109, 111, 126n67, 127n77

waka sran, 103–4

beads, 41, 159, 203, 292

beauty

Annang uyai akpo vs. uyai esit idem, 124n24

“average beauty,” 155–57, 161n15

Bamana

nyama, 37, 246

nyuman, 111, 163

Baule klanman, 103–4, 203

“beautiful young woman,” 113, 114, 115

“beauty and the beast,” 34, 291

Chokwe cibema, 25, 124n19

Fang mbung/mba/mve, 98, 163

female, 113, 115, 312n6

Gola na tévi, 97

Igbo

mma aru vs. mma obi, 98

nma, 124n26

Kongo moyo/mòoyo, 37, 39n42

Lega busoga, 33, 37, 97–98, 116, 163

as moral goodness, 37, 97–102, 116, 163, 295

pageants, 125n36, 312n9

Pende lulendo, 124n11

perceptual experience of, 122, 123n2

philosophical aesthetics’ stringent conceptions of, 123n2

religious function of, 102–5

Sande

nyande, 113, 131, 163

nyande gbama, 113

Senufo tana, 97, 124n11

Shona kunaka kwepachiso vs. kunaka kwepamayo, 124n24

Songye kikudi, 37

usefulness and, 19, 124n26, 155

as a Western term, 123–24n7

wonder vs., 128n110

Yòrùbá

àse, 37

ewà, 98, 111–13, 124n22, 126n73, 127n93, 155, 163

ewà inú vs. ewà òde, 98, 155, 157, 160

Ìwàlewà, 98, 154–61

ounje oju, 97

“beauty and the beast,” 34, 291

Belgium, 23n1, 37, 74, 310

Benin, 38n17, 155

iyoba, 127n85

Benue River Valley

male figure (cat. 19), 49

Berlin, 76

Bete

tehe gla mask (cat. 246), 273

zu mask (cat. 247), 273

Betsi-Nzaman (Fang). See Fang: cats. 98 99

Bidyogo

child figure (cat. 150), 194

Biebuyck, Daniel P.

“aesthetic of the ugly,” 116–17, 311

busoga, 33, 37, 97–98, 124n13

Bini, 125n47, 126n55, 311

Biro, Yaëlle, 32

Blier, Suzanne Preston, 38n8, 311

Boas, Franz, 311

Bobo

molo mask (cat. 11), 44

body modification, 34, 203

as civilization or “humanization,” 104, 203

See also body painting; hairstyling; scarification

body painting, 203, 292

Bokyi

crest mask (cat. 231), 260

boli, 245, 246, (cat. 221) 252

Bongmba, Elias K., 39n22

bo nun amuin (cats. 227 228), 258

Boone, Sylvia Ardyn, 38n5, 109, 113, 123n4, 128n108

Memel-Fotê’s influence on, 31, 38n6

Radiance from the Waters, 311

Borgatti, Jean M., 104, 105, 108–9, 123n5, 128n105, 311

botolo (cat. 132), 183

Bouaflé Master

Gu mask (fig. 17), 112

heddle pulley (cat. 113), 170

boubou lomasa (cat. 125), 178

Bovin, Mette, 125n36

bowls

divination, (fig. 10) 106, 126n55

female figures holding, (cat. 89) 145, (fig. 4) 158, 159, (cat. 183) 218

pipe (cat. 30), 58

bowstands, 32, (fig. 1) 32, (cat. 184) 219

Boyer, Alain-Michel, 127n77

bracelets, (cat. 118) 173, (cat. 120) 174, (cat. 124) 177

Brancusi, Constantin, 79

brass, 41, 159

Brett-Smith, Sarah C., 245, 246, 247

Brong

female figure (cat. 20), 50

Brummer, Joseph, 74

bugle (cat. 161), 205

Burkina Faso. See Bobo; Dagara; Gan; Mossi; Nuna

Bushoong (Kuba). See Kuba: cats. 60 63 64

bwanga bwa bwimpe, (cat. 212) 240, (cats. 213 214) 241

bwanga bwa cibola (cat. 148), 193

Bwiti, 41

C

Cabinda. See Kongo

Cameroon

objects from, 17, 71, (fig. 1) 72, 74, 76

See also Aghem; Bafum; Bamileke; Bamum; Bangwa

Campbell, Boláji, 312n5

“Caractéristiques de l’art des noirs” (Clouzot and Level), 74

Carco, Francis, 72

caryatid

headrest (cat. 191), 224

mortar (cat. 29), 58

mother-and-child vessel (cat. 90), 146

stool (cat. 192), 225

Central Africa, 19, 22, 96, 113, 118, 297

See also Fang; Lega; Pende; Kongo

ceremonial objects

adze (cat. 133), 184

axe (cat. 185), 220

fly whisk (cat. 15), 47

ladle (cat. 40), 64

skirt (cat. 64), 92

spear (cat. 186), 221

spoon (cat. 167), 209

Chamba

bracelet (cat. 124), 177

double figure (cat. 199), 231

cheeks, swollen, 76, 100, 116, 117, 251

Chibinda Ilunga, figures of, 25, (cat. 5) 29, (cat. 156) 198

child figures, (cats. 150 151) 194, (cat. 152) 195

Chiloango River Master

nkisi nkondi figure (cat. 273), 298

Chokwe, 25, 311

chota men’s houses, 124n19

cibema, 25, 98

cup (cat. 1), 26

figures

Chibinda Ilunga, 25, (cat. 5) 29, (cat. 156) 198

male (cat. 6), 29

haircomb (cat. 218), 242

masks

mwana pwo (fig. 16), 112

mwana pwo or pwo, (cat. 3) 27, (cat. 4) 28

snuff mortar (cat. 2), 26

utotombo, 25

Cissé, Youssouf T., 101, 125n34

Ciwara headdresses, 109–11, (fig. 14) 110, 117, (cat. 65) 132, (cats. 66 67) 133, (cat. 73) 136. See also Bamana

clarity, 105, 109–11, 120–21, 131, 291

Ciwara headdresses and jɛya, 109–11, 117, 127n81, 127n93, 131, 248, 249

Sande masks and ma-ja sahein, 109

Yòrùbá ìfarahàn, 127n93, 158

cleanliness, 23n10, 113, 124n26

Baule and, 20–22, (fig. 6) 21, 23n13, 104

Clouzot, Henri

“Caractéristiques de l’art des noirs,” 74

Cole, Herbert M., 23n10, 34, 116, 160, 311

“Art as a Verb in Iboland,” 101, 125n38

nma, 124n26

colonialism, 96, 291

collecting of African art amid, 71, 74

decolonization, 31

“visual colonialism,” 123n5

completeness, 105

Coote, Jeremy, 311

Cordwell, Justine M., 123n4, 125n47, 311

Côte d’Ivoire, 17, 18, 23n1, 74

See also Baule; Bete; Dan; Djimini; Dyula; Guro; Jula; Kunda; Ligbi; Nyabwa; Senufo; Ubi; We

Cotter, Holland, 38n11

cowrie shells, 159

crest masks

Bamum tungunga (cat. 55), 86

Bangwa Troh (cat. 233), 262

Bokyi (cat. 231), 260

Bamana Ciwara, 131; see also Ciwara headdresses

Efut (cat. 203), 233

nkum messi (cat. 130), 182

Crowley, Daniel J., 98, 124n19, 311

Cubism, 32, 34

cultural relativism, 105, 121, 129n141, 129n145, 311

cups, (cat. 1) 26, (cats. 38 39) 63, (cats. 62 63), 92

curios/curiosities, 32, 71, 73

D

D’Azevedo, Warren L., 311

Dagara, 312n7

Dan

ceremonial ladle (cat. 40), 64

ceremonial spoon (cat. 167), 209

female figure (cat. 168), 209

masks, 102–3, 104, 125n45, 203

bugle (cat. 161), 205

deangle (possibly) (cat. 164), 207

gägon (cats. 165 166), 208

Korto, 103

luwusegle (cat. 162), 205

sagbwe, zakpäi gä, or gunyegä (cat. 160), 204

takeagle, tankagle, or tankë ge (cat. 163), 206

Vandenhoute on, 102, 125nn44–45, 310

dance, masked, 38n20, 101–2, 118, 125n39, 128n110

Baule, 143n105, 203

Ciwara, 109–11

Dan, 102, 103, 203

Dead Mothers, 128n105

ɛkpo, 99–100, (figs. 3, 4) 100

Gyela lu Zauli (fig. 6), 102

Igbo, 291

Kɔmɔ, 117, 247

mgbedike, 291

Okoroshi, 116, 292–94, (figs. 2, 3) 293

Pende, 125n40

Sande, 109, 113, (fig. 18) 114

Troh, 117

ugonachonma, 291–92

dance staff (cat. 84), 142, 159

Dassama, Mustafa Ado mask (fig. 18), 114

deangle (cat. 164), 207

decolonization, 31

deformity, 155, 251

dehe gla (cat. 242), 270

delicacy. See refinement or delicacy

Democratic Republic of the Congo, 74, 76

See also Bakwa Mushilu; Chokwe; Ekonda; Hemba; Hombo; Kongo; Kuba; Kutu; Leele; Lega; Luba; Luluwa; Luntu; Lwalu; Mangbetu; Mbala; Mbuun; Ngbaka; Ngbandi; Ngombe; Niembo; Pende; Salampasu; Songye; Suku; Warua; Yaka; Zande

Derain, André, 72–73, 77n8

Dewey, John, 95

disease and illness, 95, 120

Annang interpretation of, 100

Baule interpretation of, 21

Dan masks as preventing, 102, 203

idiok ɛkpo as depicting, 100, 251

ihu ori as depicting, 116

leprosy, 21, 100, 116

as punishment for immorality, 100, 117, 121, 251

skin conditions, 20, 21, 120

uneven surfaces and swellings as depicting, 21, 118

Dissanayake, Ellen, 38–39n21

Diteka

lipiko mask (cat. 220), 243

divination and divination objects, 102, 160

Baule

asie usu, 17, 19, 19, 103

gbekre (cat. 180), 216

lawle or lowre (cat. 181), 216

Mbra, 19, (fig. 3) 19

Kɔmɔ masks, 245

Mbra (fig. 3), 19, 19

Yòrùbá, 126n55, 155, 158–59, 160

àgéré Ifá, (fig. 10) 106, 126n55, (cat. 90) 146

opón Ifá, 126n55, (cat. 92) 147, 158–59

Djimini

heddle pulley (cat. 114), 171

d’mba (cat. 140), 188

dog figures, two-headed (cats. 277 278), 302

Dogon

half-male, half-female figure (cat. 9), 43

mother-and-child figure (cat. 136), 186

door (cat. 182), 217

Doris, David T., 98, 108, 111, 312

Drewal, Henry J., 125n43, 127n93, 312

drums, 101, 158, 159

Bangwa (cat. 57), 88

Kɔmɔ performances accompanied by, 245, 257

Okperegede drum shrine (fig. 4), 294

dynamism, 32, 34, 76, 101, 109

Dyula

kpeli-ye’e face masks (cats. 261 262), 282

E

eagle, 291–92, 295

edan Ògbóni, (cat. 17) 48, 159

Edogo, 101

Efut

crest mask (cat. 203), 233

eiamba (cat. 150), 194

Einstein, Carl, 76

Èkìtì (Yòrùbá). See Yòrùbá: cat. 7

Ekonda

hat (cat. 132), 183

Ekpenyong, Etim Abassi crest mask (cat. 203), 233

elders, 125n32, 291

fly whisk as symbol of, 128n105

Gongoli as ridiculing, 118

ihu ori as symbolizing elders’ greed or self-interest, 116

Kɔmɔ as ruled by, 245, 249n7

Kɔmɔ masks and accumulation of power by, 245, 247

youthfulness as means of honoring, 113, 127n96, 128n105

elephant, 160, 247

emic knowledge, 32, 37, 38n19, 41

Epa jagúnjagún (cat. 86), 143

Epa mask, (fig. 5) 159, 159–60

Epa olóyiya (cat. 87), 144

Epon (Yòrùbá), 125n30

equestrian figures, 163, (cat. 158) 200, (cat. 159) 201

ère ojúbo (cat. 144), 191

essentialism, 111–13

Èsù. See divination and divination objects: Yòrùbá

ethics. See African aesthetics, sub-Saharan, ethical basis of

ethnographic museums, 32, 71–72, 74, 76, 79

Etienne, Noémie, 76

Euba, Titi, 312n5

Eurocentrism, 31, 32, 34, 79

Europe, 23n3, 96, 98

African art genres preferred and promoted in, 25, 38n17, 74, 76

African art’s presence and reappraisal in, 17, 31–32, 71–77

“art for art’s sake,” 18, 33, 35

See also Belgium; avant-garde; modern art; West, the

Exposition d’art africain et d’art oceanien (Galerie Pigalle, 1930), (fig. 5) 75, 76, 77n21

Expressionism, 32

eyema byeri, (fig. 12) 107, (cat. 93) 148, (cats. 94 95) 149, (cat. 96) 150, (cat. 97) 151, (cats. 98 99) 152, (cat. 100), 153

F

face bell (cat. 18), 48

face masks

agbogho mmuo, (cats. 270 271) 288, (cat. 272), 289

asu ngi (cat. 234), 263

bugle (cat. 161), 205

dehe gla (cat. 242), 270

Epa olóyiya (cat. 87), 144

gägon (cats. 165 166), 208

gambanda, (fig. 15) 110, 111

Gonde, 118, (fig. 25) 119, 251

Gongoli, 118, (fig. 23) 118, (fig. 24) 119, 128–29n132, 251

Gu (fig. 17), 112

gunyegä (cat. 160), 204

idimu, (cats. 103 104) 165, (cat. 105) 166

idiok ɛkpo, 100, (figs. 3, 4) 100, 125n30, 251, (cats. 248 249) 274, (cat. 250) 275

kifwebe, (cat. 240) 268, (cat. 241) 269

kindombolo (cats. 256 257), 279

kpan (cat. 176), 214

kpeli-ye’e, 115, (cats. 261 262) 282, (cat. 263) 283

luwusegle (cat. 162), 205

mblo (cat. 178), 215

mfɔn ɛkpo, 99, (figs. 1, 2) 99

mwana pwo, (cat. 3) 27, (cat. 4) 28, (fig. 16) 112

ndoma (cats. 177 179), 215

ngady mwaash (cat. 61), 91

ngolo (cat. 236), 265

nkukh (cat. 234), 263

N’tomo kun (cats. 74 75), 137, 246

pumbu (cat. 237), 266

pwo, (cat. 3) 27, (cat. 4) 28

sagbwe (cat. 160), 204

takeagle (cat. 163), 206

tankë ge (cat. 163), 206

tehe gla (cat. 246), 273

tonhu zri (cat. 243), 270

zakpäi gä (cat. 160), 204

Zauli, (fig. 6) 102, (cats. 254 255) 278

Zu (cat. 247), 273

See also Bafo; Hemba; Idoma; Ligbi; Ngbaka; Punu; Salampasu; Ubi; Urhobo

Fang, 74, 311

bibwe and ening, 105–6, 108, 115, 121, 131, 311

headdress (cat. 129), 181

head of a monkey (cat. 59), 89

mbung/mba/mve, 98, 163

nkukh or asu ngi mask (cat. 234), 263

reliquary guardian figure, 71, (fig. 2) 72, 73, 77, (figs. 11, 12) 107, (cat. 93) 148, (cats. 94 95) 149, (cat. 96) 150, (cat. 97) 151, (cats. 98 99) 152, (cat. 100) 153

Fauvism, 32

Fɔnɔbele. See Senufo: cat. 13

female figures. See under figures

Fernandez, James W., 98, 105–6, 126n61, 311

fertility, 22, 102, 110, 113, 163

Baule klo sran, 104

figures, 126n50, (cats. 150 151) 194

infertility, 103, 203

kpeli-ye’e masks, 115

youthfulness as signaling, 104, 113, 131

See also mother-and-child figures

fieldwork. See under African art history

figural staff (cat. 85), 142

figures

bwanga bwa bwimpe, (cat. 212) 240, (cats. 213 214) 241

child, (cat. 150, 151) 194, (cat. 152) 195

double (cat. 199), 231

edan Ògbóni, (cat. 17) 48, 159

equestrian, 163, (cat. 158) 200, (cat. 159) 201

female

bwanga bwa bwimpe (cats. 213 214), 241

nkishi, (cats. 188 189) 222, (cat. 190) 223, (cats. 209 210) 238

nkisi nkondi (cat. 279), 303

See also iginga; jonyeleni; lü mè; nyeleni; olúmèye; Onílè; ugonachonma

fertility, 126n50

half-male, half-female (cat. 9), 43

iginga (cats. 106 108), 167, 168

ikenga, 109, (cats. 267 268) 286, (cat. 269) 287, 292, 295

iphri (cat. 153), 196

ivri (cat. 154), 196

jonyeleni (cats. 77 78), 139

kafigelejo (cat. 223), 254

kakulu (cat. 102), 164

lü mè (cat. 168), 209

male

bwanga bwa bwimpe (cat. 212), 240

Chibinda Ilunga, 25, (cat. 5) 29, (cat. 156) 198

nkisi nkondi, (cat. 273) 298, (cat. 274) 299, (cat. 275) 300, (cat. 276) 301

See also ikenga; iphri; ivri; singiti; nkishi

male and female paired, (cat. 13) 45, (cat. 17) 48, 159, (cat. 175) 213, (cat. 208) 237

monkey (cat. 229), 274

mother-and-child, 143–49, 115, (fig. 20) 115, (cat. 90) 146, (cat. 136) 186, (cat. 139) 187, (cat. 143) 190, (cats. 144 145) 191, (cats. 146 147) 192, (cats. 148 149) 193

nyeleni (cats. 77 78), 139

olúmèye, (cat. 89) 145, (fig. 4) 158, 159

Onílè, (fig. 13) 108, 109

portrait, (fig. 7) 36, (cat. 56) 87, (cat. 60) 90

post, 41, (cat. 8) 42

seven-headed (cat. 155), 197

singiti, (cat. 157) 199, (cat. 193) 226, (cat. 194) 227, (cat. 211) 239

two-headed dog (cats. 277 278), 302

ugonachonma, 291–92, (fig. 1) 292, 295

veranda posts, 35, (fig. 6) 36, 41, (cat. 7) 42

zoomorphic (cat. 221), 252

See also Kuyu; Lega; Mumuye; power objects; reliquary guardian figures

First World Festival for Negro Arts (Dakar, 1966), 31, 38n1, 38n5

Fischer, Eberhard, 125n46

fly whisks, (cat. 15) 47, 128n105

Fodonon (Senufo). See Senufo: cat. 259

Folaranmi, Stephen, 312n5

France, 20, 71, 73, 74–76

Fraser, Douglas, 17

Frobenius, Leo, 157

functionality, 31, 104, 124n26, 126n55, 160

G

Ga’anda

spirit vessel (cat. 44), 66

Gabon, 74, 74

See also Fang; Kota; Punu; Sango; Tsangui; Tsogo

Gagliardi, Susan Elizabeth, 245

gägon (cats. 165 166), 208

Galerie Pigalle, Paris, (fig. 5) 75, 76, 77n21

Gambanda, (fig. 15) 110, 111

Gan

bracelet (cat. 120), 174

gba gba (mask), 128n105

gbekre (cat. 180), 216

gbon (cat. 259), 281

Gèlèdé (cat. 88), 145

gender, idealized notions of, 113–14, 115, 155, 163

genders, pairing of, 25, 251

figure pairs, (cat. 13) 45, (cat. 17) 48, 159, (cat. 175) 213, (cat. 208) 237

Germany, 23n3, 71, 74, 76, 310

Ghana, 74

See also Akan; Asante; Brong; Koma-Builsa

gihalu giwenyi (cat. 149), 193

Glaze, Anita J., 34, 115, 124n11, 312

glossiness or luster, 20, 21, 113, 125n34, 131

Gola, 97, 311

sowei mask (cat. 82), 140

gold, 19, 41, 157, 160, 248

Goldwater, Robert, 71

Gonde masks, 118, (fig. 25) 119, 251

Gongoli masks, 118, (fig. 24) 118, (fig. 25) 119, 128–29n132, 251

Greek art and language, 22

African art compared with, 32, 33, 38n17, 39n27, 73, 76–77

aísthesis, 95, 121

ethos, 97

Venus de Milo, 72–73

Gris, Juan, 34, 39n27

Grunne, Bernard de, 32

Gu (fig. 17), 112

Guillaume, Paul, 39n27, 72, 92n8

Guinea, 74

See also Baga; Bamana; Fang; Loma; Malinke; Nalu; Toma

Guinea-Bissau. See Bidyogo; Nalu

gunyegä (cat. 160), 204

Guro, 310

female figure (cat. 197), 229

heddle pulley (cat. 113), 170

masks

Gu (fig. 17), 112

Zauli, (fig. 6) 102, (cats. 254 255) 278

Zu (cat. 247), 273

H

haircombs (cats. 216 217 218), 242

hairpin (cat. 215), 242

hairstyling, 34, 95, 203

Baule, 19, 20, (figs. 4, 5) 20, 104, 107, 126n60

changing fashions for, 96, 123n4

Chokwe, 25

Igbo masks, 291, 292n2, 295

importance of, 34, 123n4

Nok terracottas, 123n4

Pende guhota sanga (fig. 3), 33

Sande masks, 113, 114, 118, 131

Yòrùbá agògo, 159

Hallen, Barry, 161n20, 312, 312n19, 314n3

Hardin, Kris L., 311

Hats, (cats. 110 111) 169, (cat. 132) 183

head

hobbyhorse (cat. 251), 276

king (possibly) (cat. 198), 230

Lega (cat. 107), 167

monkey (cat. 59), 89

trophy (cat. 23), 53

headdresses

Bamana

Ciwara, 109–11, (fig. 14) 110, 117, (cat. 65) 132, (cats. 66–67) 133, (cat. 73) 136

N’gonzon kun (cats. 68 69), 134

N’tomo kun, (cats. 74 75) 137, 246

sogoni kun (cats. 70–72), 135

Bamileke (cat. 131), 182

Fang (cat. 129), 181

Igbo, 294

Kɔmɔ, 128n121

Sande, 109, 113, 118

Yòrùbá

Epa mask, (fig. 5) 159, 159–60

Gèlèdé (cat. 88), 145

headrests, 41, (cat. 24) 54, (cat. 26) 55, (cat. 37) 62, (cat. 191) 224

hearth, household, 18, (fig. 2) 18

heddle pulleys, (cats. 112 113) 170, (cat. 114) 171

Hegel, Georg Friedrich Wilhelm, 38n2

Heinich, Nathalie, 77n6

helmet (cat. 21), 51

helmet masks

agbogho mmuo, (cats. 270 271) 288, (cat. 272) 289

banda (cat. 225), 256

bo nun amuin (cats. 227 228), 258

Epa jagúnjagún (cat. 86), 143

Kɔmɔ kun, (fig. 21) 116, 117, (cat. 222) 253, (cat. 224) 255

lipiko (cat. 220), 243

mambu (cat. 230), 260

mgbedike, (fig. 5) 35, (cats. 264 265) 284, (cat. 266) 285, 291, 292

Sande, 109, 113–15, (fig. 18) 114, 127n97, 128n108, 128n110, 131

Senufo, (cat. 224) 255, (cat. 258) 280, (cats. 259 260) 281

sowei, (cats. 79, 80, 81, 82) 140, (cat. 83) 141

Troh, 117, (fig. 22) 117, 251, (cat. 232) 261

Hemba, 203

mwisi gwa so’o mask (cat. 238), 266

singiti figures, (cat. 157) 199, (cat. 193) 226, (cat. 194) 227, (cat. 211) 239

Herskovits, Melville J., 311

Himmelheber, Hans, (fig. 1) 18, 20, 21, 103, 125n46, 310

hobbyhorse, head of (cat. 251), 276

Hombo

singiti figure (cat. 211), 239

homo aestheticus, 95, 120–22

horse

equestrian figures, 163, (cat. 158) 200, (cat. 159) 201

head of a hobbyhorse (cat. 251), 276

mask (cat. 253), 277

Hume, David, 129n145

hyena

Kɔmɔ, 247

mask (cat. 252), 277

I

Ibibio, 312n5

idiok ɛkpo masks, 100, (figs. 3, 4) 100, 125n30, 251, (cats. 248 249) 274, (cat. 250) 275

Ibibio languages, 99

idealization, 34, 97, 113, 127n79, 163, 203, 291, 295

“anti-idealist” art, 34, 39n27

Baule figures/“person of the village”/sɛsɛ, 104, 107, 109, 115, 126n54

Fang figures, 106, 115

Gonde and Gongoli as inversions of, 251

Luluwa figures, 126n50

moderation and the mean and, 108, 109, 131

Yòrùbá ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì, 131

idimu, (cats. 103 104) 165, (cat. 105) 166

idiok ɛkpo, 100, (figs. 3, 4) 100, 125n30, 251, (cats. 248 249) 274, (cat. 250) 275

Idoma

face mask (cat. 202), 232

ìfarahàn, 127n93, 158

Igbo, 23n6, 34, 129n141, 310

Abiriba/Ohaffia, 295

Afikpo, 116, 295, 311

anklets (cat. 123), 176

chárá, 97

figures

ikenga, 109, (cats. 267 268) 286, (cat. 269) 287, 292, 295

ugonachonma, 291–92, (fig. 1) 292, 295

igwogo ngwogo, 109

ihe nkri, 128n110

masks, 128n110, 251, 290–95

agbogho mmuo (cats. 270 271) 288, (cat. 272) 289

ihu ori, 116

ijele, 124

maiden (fig. 4), 35, 291–92, 295n1

mgbedike (fig. 5), 35, (cats. 264 265) 284, (cat. 266) 285, 291, 292

Okoroshi, 116, 292–94, 295n1

Okperegede, (figs. 4, 5) 294, 294–95

mma aru vs. mma obi, 98

Ngwa, 295

nma, 124n26

Owerri, 124n26, 292–95, 311

iging, (cat. 106) 167, (cat. 108) 168

ihu ori (mask), 116

ijele (mask), 124

Ijo

seven-headed figure (cat. 155), 197

ikenga, 109, (cats. 267 268) 286, (cat. 269) 287, 292, 295

illness. See disease and illness

Imeh, Imo Nse, 312n5

initiation and societies

Baule wunnzile, 23n13

Bwami, 37, 98

mgbedike and, 291

Ògbóni, (cat. 17) 48, 159, 161n6

Troh (Night Society), 117, (fig. 22) 117, 251, (cat. 232) 261, (cat. 233) 262

See also Kɔmɔ society; Sande society masks

inkciyo (cat. 128), 180

iphri (cat. 153), 196

ìróké Ifá (cat. 91), 146

iron, 37, 41, 155

Isaya, Makungu ma Ngozi, 311

Isoko

ivri figure (cat. 154), 196

ivory, 41, 71, 160

ivri (cat. 154), 196

ìwà, 111–13, 124n12, 127n93, 155, 161n3

Ìwàlewà, 98, 154–61

ìwà rere, 98, 124n22, 157–58, 160, 161n20

ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì, 108, 109, 126nn72–73, 127n78, 131, 155–57, 161n15

Ìyá Ayé. See Yòrùbá: cosmology

J

Jahn, Janheinz

Muntu: An Outline of the New African Culture, 39n41

jewelry. See anklets; bracelets; necklaces; pendants; ring, scorpion

jíjora, 109, 111

Jones, G. I., 35, 291, 295

jonyeleni (cats. 77 78), 139

K

kafigelejo (cat. 223), 254

Kagame, Alexis, 37, 39n41

kakulu (cat. 102), 164

kakuungu (cat. 235), 264

Kalabari, 125n30

Kalebwe (Songye). See Songye: cat. 282

Kamba (Kongo). See Kongo: cat. 280

Kant, Immanuel, 39n36, 123n2

Kasadi Master

mother-and-child figure (cat. 146), 192

kasangu (cat. 239), 267

kasolwa (cat. 185), 220

Kɔmɔ kun, (fig. 21) 116, 117, (cat. 222) 253, (cat. 224) 255

Kɔmɔ society

blacksmiths as leaders of, 245, 247

gerontocracy, 245, 249n7

masks, 244–49, 251

clawed beasts, 245, 247

death and destruction of, 246, 249n10

dibi, 117, 246, 247–48, 249

elders’ accumulation of power, 245, 247

Kɔmɔ kun, (fig. 21) 116, 117, 128n21, (cat. 222) 253, (cat. 224) 255

names, 245, 247–48

sanctuary (fig. 1), 246

women’s exclusion from, 117, 245, 247, 249n1

Kenya. See Maasai

Ketu. See Yòrùbá: cat. 91

kibango (cat. 187), 221

kibiki (cat. 185), 220

kifwebe, (cat. 240) 268, (cat. 241) 269

kindombolo (cats. 256 257), 279

kiti cha mtemi (cat. 28), 57

Klejman, J. J. (gallery owner), 17

Koma-Builsa

helmet (cat. 21), 51

Kongo

ceremonial fly whisk (cat. 15), 47

figures

female (?) (cat. 280), 303

minkisi. See nkisi

minkisi minkondi/zimbau, 37

mother-and-child (cats. 146 147), 17, 192

nkisi nkondi, 35, 37, 39n37, 160, 297, (cat. 273) 298, (cat. 274) 299, (cat. 275) 300, (cat. 276) 301

two-headed dog (cats. 277 278), 302

moyo/mòoyo, 37, 39n42

scepter (cat. 16), 47

staff finial (cat. 14), 46

Kono, 311

Kot áNće, portrait figure of (cat. 60), 90

Kota

reliquary guardian figures, 74, (fig. 3) 74, (fig. 4) 75, 79, (cat. 47) 80, (cat. 48) 81, (cat. 49) 82, (cats. 50 51) 83, (cat. 52) 84, (cats. 53 54) 85

Kouakou, Lela, 38n3

Koulimè (Dan). See Dan: cat. 162

kpan (cat. 176), 214

kpeli-ye’e, 115, (cats. 261 262) 282, (cat. 263) 283

Kuba, 38n17, 74

ceremonial skirt (cat. 64), 92

cup, (cat. 39) 63, (cats. 62 63) 92

ngady mwaash mask (cat. 61), 91

portrait figure of a king (cat. 60), 90

Kulebele (Senufo). See Senufo: cats. 138, 139, 159, 223, 261–63

kuo (cat. 22), 52

Kutu, 33

Kuyu

figure (cat. 10), 43

L

ladle, ceremonial (cat. 40), 64

Lamp, Frederick John, 114, 114, 127n97, 128n108

Lawal, Babatunde, 98, 108, 128n100, 310, 312n5

lawle (cat. 181), 216

Leele

ceremonial adze (cat. 133), 184

Lega, 311

busoga, 33, 37, 97–98, 116, 124n13, 163

Bwami, 37, 98, 116

figures

figure (cat. 101), 164

head (cat. 107), 167

iginga, (cat. 106) 167, (cat. 108) 168

kakulu (possibly) (cat. 102), 164

hats (cats. 110 111), 169

masks

idimu, (cats. 103 104) 165, (cat. 105) 166

muminia (cat. 103), 165

moderation, 108, 124n16

necklace (cat. 109), 168

leprosy, 21, 100, 116

Lesotho. See Sotho

Level, André

“Caractéristiques de l’art des noirs,” 74

Liberia

masking traditions, (fig. 7) 103, 113, 118, 126n57, 131

See also Dan; Gola; Loma; Mende; Toma; Vai

Ligbi

face mask (cat. 196), 229

lipiko (cat. 220), 243

Loeb, Pierre, 76

lowre (cat. 181), 216

Luba, 38nn17–18, 203, 312

bowstands, 32, (fig. 1) 32, 38n17, (cat. 184) 219

ceremonial axe (cat. 185), 220

ceremonial spear (cat. 186), 221

headrest (cat. 191), 224

kifwebe mask (cat. 241), 269

nkishi figures, (cat. 183) 218, (cats. 188 189) 222, (cat. 189) 223, (cats. 209 210) 238

staff of office (cat. 187), 221

stool (cat. 192), 225

water pipe (cat. 31), 59

luhanda (cat. 184), 219

Luluwa, 126n50, 126n55, 312

caryatid mortar (cat. 29), 58

figures

bwanga bwa bwimpe (cat. 212) 240, (cats. 213 214) 241

mother-and-child (cat. 148), 193

pipe bowl (cat. 30), 58

lü mè (cat. 168), 209

Luntu

pipe bowl (cat. 30), 58

lupanda (cat. 184), 219

lupona (cat. 192), 225

luwusegle (cat. 162), 205

M

Maasai

woman’s necklace (cat. 127), 180

Mabea (Fang). See Fang: cats. 59 96 97

Macebuh, Stanley, 118, 127n78, 310

MacGaffey, Wyatt, 37, 39n36, 39nn39–40

Madagascar, 73

Maesen, Albert, 23n1

maiden masks, (fig. 4) 35, 113, 291, 295nn1–2

Makonde

lipiko mask (cat. 220), 243

male and female paired figures. See under figures

male figures. See under figures

Mali, 74, 245

equestrian figure (cat. 158), 200

male figure (cat. 195), 228

See also Dogon; Bamana; Senufo; Soninke

Malinke, 245

Kɔmɔ kun mask (cat. 222), 253

mambu (cat. 230), 260

Mande, 245, 247–49

Mande languages, 37, 245, 249

Mangbetu

backrest (cat. 27), 56

male and female paired figures (cat. 208), 237

mankishi. See nkishi

Man Ray, 76

Untitled, 76, (fig. 6) 76

man’s robe (cat. 126), 179

Manyanga (Kongo). See Kongo: cat. 279

Maquet, Jacques, 38n53

masks, names of, 103, 125–26n48, 245, 247–48, 291, 292–94. See also crest masks; dance, masked; face masks; helmet masks; performance, masked; shoulder mask

masquerades. See performance, masked

Mate, Bwenge Kule, 311

materials, 35, 41, 160

beads, 41, 159, 203, 292

brass, 41, 159

gold, 41, 160

iron, 37, 41, 155

ivory, 41, 71, 160

nails, 37

teak, 161n38

Matisse, Henri, 79

Nu couché I (Aurore), 73

Mbala

mother-and-child figure (cat. 149), 193

mbir’thleng’nda (cat. 44), 66

mblo (cat. 178), 215

mbulu ngulu (cats. 47–54), 80–85

Mbuun

cup (cat. 38), 63

prestige staff (cat. 135), 185

McNaughton, Patrick R., 96, 126–27n74, 245, 247, 312, 312n17

dibi, 117, 248–49

jɛya (jayan), 110–11, 117, 127n81, 248, 249n18

mean, the. See moderation and the mean

Memel-Fotê, Harris, 38n6, 310

“La vision du beau dans la culture négro-africaine,” 31, 38n1, 314n5

Mende, 126n55, 127n83, 127n91, 311, 312, 314n6

hairstyles, 123n4

kabânde, 39n37, 128n110

masks

Gonde, 118, (fig. 25) 119, 251

Gongoli, 118, (fig. 23) 118, (fig. 24) 119, 128–29n132, 251

sowei, 131, (cats. 79, 80, 81, 82) 140, (cat. 83) 141

masubongo, 128n10

nyande, 163

Radiance from the Waters (Boone), 311

See also Sande society

Messenger, John C., 99, 125nn29–30, 311

mfɔn ɛkpo, 99, (figs. 1, 2) 99

mfunka (cat. 16), 47

mgbedike, (fig. 5), 35, (cats. 264 265) 284, (cat. 266) 285, 291, 292

Mindumu (Kota). See Kota: cats. 47 49 52

minkisi

minkisi minkondi/zimbau, 37 See also nkisi

Mishé miShyááng máMbúl, portrait figure of (cat. 60), 90

moderation and the mean, 105, 107–9, 111, 113, 131

Baule sɛsɛ, 107, 108, 109, 111, 126n67, 127n77

Igbo, absence of, 109

Lega, importance of, 98, 124n16

Yòrùbá ìwọ̀ntúnwọ̀nsì, 108, 109, 126nn72–73, 127n8, 131, 161n15

modern art, 32, 71, 73, 77, 79

Modern Gallery, New York, 71

Modigliani, Amedeo, 79

molo (cat. 11), 44

Monique, Kofi Afwe

household hearth (fig. 2), 18

monkey

figure (cat. 229), 274

head (cat. 59), 89

Mbra, 19

mono no aware, 95

morality. See ethics and morality

mortars, (cat. 2) 26, (cat. 30) 58

Mossi

child figure (cat. 151), 194

mother-and-child figures

Afo (cat. 145), 191

Dogon (cat. 136), 186

Kongo (cats. 146 147), 192

Luluwa (cat. 148), 193

Mbala (cat. 149), 193

Senufo, 115, (fig. 20) 115, (cat. 139) 187

Urhobo (cat. 143), 190

Yòrùbá, (cat. 90) 146, (cat. 144) 191

Mozambique. See Makonde; Tsonga

mukuba (cat. 111), 169

mukudj (cat. 204), 234

multisensoriality. See sensory perception

muminia (cat. 103), 165

Mumuye, 17

figure (cat. 200), 231

Munro, Thomas C., 39n27

Muntu: An Outline of the New African Culture (Jahn), 39n41

Musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro, Paris (fig. 3), 74

Museum für Völkerkunde, Berlin, 76

Museum of Modern Art, New York, 79

Mvaï (Fang). See Fang: cat. 100

Mveng, Engelbert, 310

mwana pwo, (cat. 3) 27, (cat. 4) 28, (fig. 16) 112

mwisi gwa so’o (cat. 238), 266

mysterium tremendum et fascinans, 35–37, 39n36

N

nails, iron, 37

Nalu

banda mask (cat. 225), 271

Nande language, 311

naturalism, 32, 155

avoidance of, 111, 127n89

mean between abstraction and, 109, 111

relative, 17, 25, 38n17

“restrained,” 123n5

“visual colonialism” and, 123n5

Ndassa (Kota). See Kota: cat. 48

Ndaw, Alassane, 310

ndoma (cats. 177 179), 215

ndop (cat. 46; display cloth), 68–69

ndop (cat. 60; portrait figure of a king), 90

Negerkünstler (Himmelheber), 310

Négritude, 31

Nehamas, Alexander, 38n9

New York, 17, 38n7, 79

African art auctions, 38n15, 94

Modern Gallery, 71

ngady mwaash (cat. 61), 91

Ngbaka

face mask (cat. 205), 235

male figure (cat. 207), 236

Ngbandi

male figure (cats. 206 207), 236

ngolo (cat. 236), 265

N’gonzon kun (cats. 68 69), 134

Nguabu Master

sowei mask (cat. 80), 140

Ngumba (Fang). See Fang: cats. 93–95

Nguni

headrest (cat. 24), 54

pipe (cat. 36), 61

snuff kerrie (cat. 32), 60

under-apron (cat. 128), 180

Niembo (Hemba). See Hemba: cats. 157 193

Niger-Congo languages, 38n4, 96, 97, 105, 311

Nigeria, 17, 74, 312

See also Afo; Annang; Benin; Bini; Bokyi; Chamba; Efut; Ibibio; Idoma; Igbo; Ijo; Isoko; Kalabari; Ketu; Mumuye; Nok; Okpella; Tiv; Urhobo; Yòrùbá

Nilotic languages, 311

nkishi

Luba (cats. 188 189) 222, (cat. 190) 223, (cats. 209 210) 238

Songye, 35, 37, 297, (cat. 281) 304, (cat. 282) 305, (cats. 283 284) 306, (cat. 285) 307, (cats. 286 287) 308, (cat. 288) 309

nkisi, 35, 37, 39n36, 39nn39–40, 160, 297

nkisi kozo (cats. 277 278), 302

nkisi nkondi, 297, (cat. 273) 298, (cat. 274) 299, (cat. 275) 300, (cat. 276) 301

mangaaka (cat. 273), 298

mbwa (cats. 277 278), 302

nkukh (cat. 234), 263

nkumbu za nsembe (cat. 111), 169

nkum messi (cat. 130), 182

Nok, 123n4

N’tomo kun (cats. 74 75), 137, 246

Nuna

anklet (cat. 121), 175

female figure (cat. 12), 44

pendant (cat. 122), 175

Nyabwa

tehe gla mask (cat. 246), 273

Nyamwezi

ritual stool (cat. 28), 57

nyeleni (cats. 77 78), 139

O

Obamba (Kota). See Kota: cats. 49–52

Òbàtálá. See Yòrùbá: cosmology

Obenga, Théophile, 310

òdí, 127n96

Odùdúwà. See Yòrùbá: cosmology

Ofunwa Ume

helmet mask (cat. 265), 284

Ogbechie, Sylvester O., 128n110

Ògbóni society, 159, 161n6

ògó Èsù (cat. 85), 142

Okoroshi masks, 116, 292–94, (figs. 2, 3) 293, 295n1

Okpella, 126n55, 128n115

Anogiri masks, 104, (fig. 9) 105

Borgatti on, 104, 105, 108–9, 123n5, 311

Dead Mother masks, 128n105

Okperegede, 294–95, (figs. 4, 5) 294

okuyi (cat. 204), 234

Olbrechts, Frans M., 23n1, 311

Olódùmarè. See Yòrùbá: cosmology

Olówè of Ìsè

olúmèye, (fig. 4) 158, 159

veranda posts, (fig. 6) 36, (cat. 7) 42

olúmèye, (cat. 89) 145, (fig. 4) 158, 159

omo (cat. 18), 48

oniemo (cat. 143), 190

Onílè, (fig. 13) 108, 109, 161n6

“On the Probable Traces of Egyptian Civilization and Men of the White Race in Côte d’Ivoire” (1900), 17

opón Ifá, (cat. 92) 147, 158–59

opposition, 33, 34, 95, 97, 105–6, 291

Fang bibwe, 105–6, 108, 131, 311

Fang ening, 105–6, 115, 131

Okoroshi oma and Okoroshi ojo, 292–94, (figs. 2, 3) 293

ugonachonma and ikenga, 292, 295

village and wilderness, 34

Òrúnmìlà. See divination and divination objects: Yòrùbá

oshe Sàngó (cat. 84), 142, 159

Ostrow, Saul, 31

Ottenberg, Simon, 101, 116, 117, 311

Otto, Rudolf, 39n36

Ovimbundu

prestige staff (cat. 134), 185

Owerri Igbo, 124n26, 292–95, 311

Oyo (Yòrùbá). See Yòrùbá: cat. 43

P

pairing, 25, 34, 251

Ciwara, 110, (cat. 65) 132

male and female figure pairs, (cat. 13) 45, (cat. 17) 48, 159, (cat. 175) 213, (cat. 208) 237

See also opposition

Pan-Africanism, 31

Paris, 25, 71–75, 79

Musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro (fig. 3), 74

Théâtre Pigalle exhibition, (fig. 5) 75, 76, 77n21

pendants

Baule (cats. 116 117), 173

edan Ògbóni, (cat. 17) 48, 159

Nuna (cat. 122), 175

Pende, 34, 118

essentialism, 111

guhota sanga hairstyle, (fig. 3) 33

lulendo, 124n11

masks

gambanda, 111, (fig. 15) 111

kambanda (cat. 219), 243

kindombolo (cats. 256 257), 279

ngolo (cat. 236), 265

pumbu (cat. 237), 266

Strother on, 111, 124n11, 125n40, 312

performance

African art as performative, 32, 34, 38n29, 101, 125n38

Baule asie usu and Mbra, 19, (fig. 3) 19

performance, masked, 34, 116, 118, 251, 297

Annang ɛkpo, 99–100, (figs. 3, 4) 100, 116, 125n29

“beautiful young woman,” 113

Ciwara, 109–11, (fig. 14) 110

Dan, 102–3, 125n45, 203

Dead Mothers, 128n105

Gonde and Gongoli, 118, 251

Gyela le Zauli (fig. 6), 102

Igbo, 124n26, 128n110, 291

Kɔmɔ, 128n121, 245–49, 264n1

mgbedike, (fig. 5) 35, 291

multisensoriality, 101–2

Okoroshi, 116

Pende, 125n40

Sande, 113, (fig. 25) 119

Troh, 117

Yayoroba, 101, (fig. 5) 101

Petridis, Constantine, 126n50, 312

pfemba (cats. 146 147), 192

Phillips, Ruth B., 114, 118, 119, 128–29n132, 312

photography, 73–74, 76, 77

physiognomy, 34, 101, 125n32

Picasso, Pablo, 72–73, 75, 79

Pike, Kenneth Lee, 38n19

pipe bowl (cat. 30), 58

pipes, (cat. 31) 59, (cat. 36) 61, (cat. 45) 67

Polykleitos, 32

portraiture, 127n79, 155, 203

portrait figure of a king (cat. 60), 90

portrait figures, 36, (fig. 7) 36

portrait of a queen (wife of King Njike) (cat. 56), 87

post figure (cat. 8), 41, 42

power objects, 37, 297

boli (cat. 221), 245, 246, 252

bwanga bwa bwimpe, (cat. 212) 240, (cats. 213 214) 241

bwanga bwa cibola (cat. 148), 193

Kɔmɔ, 245–49

nkisi, 35, 37, 39n36, 39nn39–40, 160, 297

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