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Description: The Marvel of Maps: Art, Cartography and Politics in Renaissance Italy
Index
PublisherYale University Press
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Index
Aaron, 220, 225
Abel, 216, 217, 218, 222, 223
Abraham, 202, 219, 220, 224, 225, 226, 250
Adam, 187, 219–20, 218, 224, 249
Adriani, Giovambattista, 17, 20
Adriatic Sea, 2, 172, 184, 188, 195
Aelian, 12, 151
Aenaeas, 202
Africa, 83, 85–87, 107, 108, 113–15, 116, 117, 118, 119, 125, 201, 233, 234, 237, 238, 239, 255, 260–61; see also Gastaldi, Ortelius, and Vehlo
Agrippa, map of Rome, 12, 42
Ailly, Pierre d’, 52
Alatri, 11, 174, 226
Alberti, Leandro, 187–91, 194–98, 205, 210
Alberti, Leon Battista, 12, 46
Albicante, Alberto, 39
Alcibiades, 151
Aldrovandi, Ulisse, 27, 29–30, 88, 150, 153, 154
Alexander VI, Pope, 125
Alexander the Great, 42, 202
Alexander the Molossian, 196
Alfonso, King of Spain, 50, 54, 246
Almeni, Sforza, 29
Alpers, Svetlana, 278 n. 10
Alps, 172, 184
Altissimo, Cristofano dell’, 26, 67, 132
Americas, 85–87, 107, 126, 127, 129, 128, 233, 237, 238, 244, 263–64; see also Ortelius
Anacletus, Pope, 246
Ancona, 171, 186
anamorphosis, 224–25
anemoscope, 49–50, 134, 153, 154
Angelo, Jacopo d’, 78, 99
antiquarianism see mapping and antiquarianism
Apian, Peter, 38, 50, 99, 100, 102, 159, 186
Apostolic Chamber, see papal administration
Appenines, 2, 168, 172, 184, 231
Apulia, 102, 174, 187, 188, 193, 198, 201, 212
Aquinas, Thomas, 11, 148, 219, 247
Arabia, 70
Archimedes, 47
Aristippus, 111
armillary sphere, 52, 53, 54, 154
Ariosto, Ludovico, 88
Aristotle, 41–42, 51
Armenia, 6, 75, 79
Armenini, Giovanni Battista, 13
Asia, 68, 69, 70, 76, 85–87, 107, 108, 109–10, 115–25, 120–25, 151, 234, 238, 243, 244 261–263; see also Gastaldi and Ortelius
astrolabe, 48, 49, 51
astrology, 28, 153
astronomy, 41–54, 142, 147, 153, 191–192, 205, 233, 244–49, 253
universal church and, 233, 244–49
atlas, 93, 108, 135, 201–02; see also Ortelius and Lafrery
Attila, 188, 194, 198
Augustine, 45, 148, 151, 155
Augustus, 36, 40, 42, 200
Avignon, 171, 180
Avvisi di Roma, 171, 227
Baglione, Giovanni, 175, 178, 183
Bandinelli, Baccio, 19
barbarian invasions, 188, 194–95, 198–200
Barbaro, Daniele, 50
Barga, Pietro degli Angeli, 184
Baroncelli, Bernardo, 108, 238
Baronio, Cesare, 182, 198, 199, 217–18, 228–29, 237
Barros, Joan, do, 119–120
Bartoli, Cosimo, 27, 34, 36–37, 46, 50, 65, 159
Battista del Tasso, 19
Beatus of Seville, 98
Bellarmato, Girolamo, 186, 190
Berlinghieri, Francesco, 85, 99
Bertelli, Fernando, 110, 113
Bethlehem, 151, 250
Bible, 88, 202, 217–21, 220, 224, 225, 226, 228, 249–52
Deuteronomy, Book of, 228, 229
Exodus, Book of, 88, 202, 220, 221, 225
Genesis, Book of, 181–82, 219, 220, 223, 225, 226
Hebrews, Book of, 219
John, Gospel of, 182
Letter to the Hebrews, 219, 224, 225
Leviticus, Book of, 181, 220–23
map, 88, 248, 249–50
Psalms, 217
Biblical sacrifices, 172, 179, 180–85, 187, 206, 209, 218–30, 221–23, 232, 234
Eucharist and, 224–25
ecclesiastical supremacy and, 225–29; see also mass and offering
Biondo, Flavio, 187, 188, 200, 205, 210
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 11, 34
Bodin, Jean, 89
Bologna, 11, 138, 142–48, 144–45, 148–50, 149, 153–58, 161, 182, 194, 196, 197, 212, 233
Danti and, 153–157
maps of, 138, 144–145, 149, 157–158, 160, 194, 196
Paleotti and, 148–150
university of, 54, 143, 153, 154, 163, 199, 246
Bologna, Archivio Isolani, 154
Bologna, churches, 54, 153–154
San Domenico, 54, 153
San Petronio, 54, 153
Santo Stefano, 154
Bologna, palaces: 138, 143, 149, 153–154
Boncompagni palace, 138, 143
Episcopal palace, 149, 153–54
Bolognetti, Francesco, 49, 190
Boncompagni, family of Bologna, 143–48, 153, 174
Boncompagni, Cristoforo, 143
Boncompagni, Giacomo, 156–57, 162, 174, 191
Boncompagni, Ugo, 136, 143; see also Gregory XIII, Pope
Boniface VIII, Pope, 143
Bonsignori, Stefano, 25, 32, 89
Guardaroba Nuova and, 105–08, 105–36
Maps: Northern Asia, 125, 262–63
The Strait of Magellan, 25, 265
Parte dell’Agisamba (Côte d’Avoire), 75, 83, 259
Libia interiore, 114–15, 119, 259
North Pole, 130
The Old Dominion of Florence, 132
The Sienese State, 132, 133
Borghini, Vincenzo, 20–21, 36, 37, 65, 72–73, 135, 156–57, 164
Borromeo, Charles, Cardinal, 148, 149, 231
Borromeo, Federico, Cardinal, 88
botanical drawings, 7, 27–28, 29, 134, 150–152
Brahe, Thyco, 42, 43, 53
Bramante, 141
Braun, Georg, 186, 190
Bredekamp, Horst, 5
Bril, Mathijs, 141, 170, 178, 179, 239, 242
British Isles, 70, 109–10, 112, 113, 202, 257
Bronzino, Agnolo, 19, 65
Brasses, Charles de, 204
Buonarroti, Michelangelo, 139, 180
Burckhardt, Jacob, 11, 251
Cain, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224
Calabria, 188, 245
calendar, reform of, 51–54, 153, 184, 212, 244, 243–249
California, 126–27, 128
Callippus, 54
Camillo, Giulio, 91–92
Campania, 174, 176, 177, 178, 191
Cannae, 102, 187, 193, 195
Cape of Good Hope, 25, 70, 113, 127, 260
Cappellino, Rocco, 190
Capponi, Piero di Gherardo, 135
Caprarola, Palazzo Farnese, 11, 20, 143–44, 147, 238–39
Carracci, Agostino, 149
Cartaro, Mario, 157, 159, 163
cartography, 6–8, 105–08, 155–68, 233, 237–44, 248–54
politics and, 6–8, 38–42, 131–34
religion and, 249–254
universal church and, 233, 234, 237–44, 249–52 see also mapping and maps
Casey, Edward, 5, 8–10
Cataldi, Pietro Antonio, 154
Cavalieri, Giovan Battista, 139, 140
Cavalli, Serafino, 136
Cecchi, G.M., 135
Cellini, Benvenuto, 63, 65
Charlemagne, 188, 194
Charles v, Emperor, 18, 21, 33, 38–41, 54, 131
cartography and, 38–39, 40–42, 131
Cosimo I and, 18, 21
Charles vIII, King of France, 194
Charles of Austria, 135
Chersonese, 103–04, 118–19
China, 70, 75, 76, 115, 119–21, 123, 233, 237, 250; 263
chorography, 13, 96–102, 99, 155–68, 169, 186–94, 191, 254 see also cosmography, geographical description, geography, and topography
Chrysoloras, Manuel, 78, 98
church history, 169, 179, 180–185, 188, 197–200, 205, 214–216, 251
Cicero, 251
Cini, Giovan Battista, 135
Cirni, Antonio Francesco, 40
Citolini, Alessandro, 90–91
Civitavecchia, 171, 186
Clarici, Giovan Battista, 191
Clavius, Christoph, 46, 245–249
Clement VII, Pope, 19, 39, 40, 204
collecting, 1–2, 5, 63–73, 91-92, 131–34
art of memory and, 89–92
cabinets of art and curiosities, 1–2, 22, 63–67, 91–92, 131–134
geographical order and, 67–73
Kunstkammer, 5, 90–92; see also Medici collections, Medici guardaroba, and exotica
Commandino, Federico, 47, 50
Compagnoni, Antonio, 29
congregations: see papal congregations
Constantine, 139–40, 171, 173, 180, 200, 207, 209–16, 231, 246, 247
donation of, 210–14, 212, 215
Italy and, 211–14
Constantinople, 171, 216, 233, 235
Copernicus, 42, 45, 51, 52, 247
Corfu, 171, 180, 186, 232
Corsica, 180, 212, 232
Cortesi, Paolo, 12
Cortez, Hernando, 74, 126–27
Cosgrove, Denis, 5
cosmography, 41–42, 43–59, 96–102, 99, 135
Augustus and, 42
Charles v and, 38, 42
Renaissance courts and, 41–42
Guardaroba Nuova and, 55–59
instruments of, 48–51
Medici court and, 43–54, 135
Ptolemy and, 96–102
teaching of, 43–48 see also chorography, geographical description, geography, and topography
cosmos, 41–42, 55–59
Cosimo I and, 55–59
Côte d’Avoire, 75, 83
Council of Nicaea, 245, 246
Council of Trent, 136, 142, 145, 148, 150, 207, 220, 224, 225, 226, 230, 231, 232, 234, 243, 245–46
Croce, Baldassarre, 178
Cuba, 126, 129, 263
Cuzco, 127
Danti, Egnazio, 10–11, 13, 23–26, 28–29, 31, 42–59, 62, 68, 100–03, 135–36, 153–54, 182–84, 245, 246
as court cosmographer, 10, 42–59, 103, 135–36, 153, 182–84, 246
chorography and, 100–03, 186–87, 190–204, 191
Cosimo I and, 43, 131–132
education of, 29, 315 n. 29
Gallery of Maps and, 170–205, 266–72
geography and, 98, 100–03
globes and, 25–26, 49, 120, 130–32, 239–40
Gregory XIII and, 156–57, 167–68
Guardaroba Nuova and, 23–26, 28, 68, 89; 105–36, 256–72
mixed sciences and, 44–48, 155
Paleotti and, 150, 153–155, 251
reform of the calendar and, 51–54, 184, 245–49
scientific instruments and, 48, 49–52, 53–54, 184, 248
surveying and, 153, 155–168
Terza Loggia and, 238–44, 273–77
Maps in the Guardaroba Nuova: Arabia, 24, 262
Armenia, 75, 79, 261
China, 70, 76, 119–21, 261
China and Japan, 119–21, 123, 263
Gronlandia, 130, 131, 265
Indochina, 70, 76, 263
Indostan fuori in Gange, 68, 69, 70, 116, 125, 262
Isola di San Lorenzo, 113–14, 116, 261
Isole Britanniche, 70, 109–10, 112, 257
L’Isole Moluche, 124, 263
Livonia et Lituania, 109–11, 114, 258
Mexican Gulf, 126–27, 129, 264
Moschovia, 95, 110, 258
Norvegia Gotiae, 109, 110, 258
Nuova Spagna, 75, 81, 126, 264
Parte del India dentro il Gange, 121, 262
Sogdiana, 3, 261
Strait of Magellan, 126–27, 265
Le ultime parti dell’Indie occidentali, 126–27, 128, 265
Maps in the Gallery of Maps: Apulia, 102, 174, 187, 188, 193, 198, 201, 210, 269
Avenionensis ditio, 171, 180
Bononiensis ditio, 157–58, 160, 197, 70
Campania, 174, 176, 177, 178, 191, 268
Corsica, 180, 210, 232
Flaminia, 157, 161, 194, 198, 199, 225, 226, 270
Genoa, 171, 173, 181, 186, 266
Ilva, 171, 186, 204
Malta, 171, 180, 181, 186, 204, 232
Mediolanensis ducatus, 191–92, 194–95, 196, 271
Perusinus ac Tifernas, 157, 158, 159, 267
Picenum, 195, 270
Sallentina Hydrunti Terra, 193, 269
Sardinia, 180, 181, 190, 228, 231, 232
Sicilia, 180, 190, 210, 225, 231, 232
Tremitae, 171, 186, 191, 204
Venice, 106–07, 171, 173, 180, 186, 188, 190–91, 210, 213, 223
Maps in the Terzia Loggia: South America, 239
Eastern Hemisphere 241
Western Hemisphere 240
Treatises: Anemografia, 154
Le due regole della prospettiva pratica di Giacomo Vignola, 10, 143, 225
Le scienze matematiche ridotte in tavole, 44, 101–02, 165–65
La sfera di messer Giovanni Sacrobosco, 45, 46
Trattato del Radio Latino, 159–65, 164–65
Trattato dell’uso et della fabbrica dell’astrolabio, 46, 50–51, 55, 54, 153, 159
Trattato della sfera ridotto in cinque tavole, 44
Usus et tractatio gnomonis magni, 246
MS Gozzadini 171, 155, 163–165, 166–167
Danti, Girolamo, 156, 178
Danti, Giulio, 102, 163, 165, 187
Danti, Piervincenzo, 47
Danti, Vincenzo, 36, 64, 65
David, King, 218
Dee, John, 13, 42
Delano Smith, Catherine, 7
Della Bella, Stefano, 38
Della Penna, Cesare, 45, 47
Deuteronomy, see Bible, Deuteronomy Doetichum, editor, 194
Dominicans, Order, 10, 188, 191, 233, 246–47
Donatello, 65
Du Perac, 29, 238
ecclesiastical revenues, see papal administration 209, 218, 226–29, 232
Egypt, 74, 201, 220
Egyptian kings, 42, 51, 54
Elba, 171, 186, 204
Eleanor of Toledo, 17, 19, 65
Elizabeth I, 42
empire, Roman, 202
Christian, 205, 207, 233, 244, 248, 252
Holy Roman, 231
England, 228, 235, 239
Esau, 218
Este d’, family of Ferrara, 101
Este, Alfonso II d’, 191
Ethiopia, 237
Eucharist, 181, 185, 205, 219, 224–26, see also biblical sacrifices, mass, and offering
Euclid, 44–45, 47, 153
Europe, 11, 85–87, 108, 109–10, 111, 112–15, 180, 235, 257–58
Eusebius, 216–218
Eve, 218, 249
Exodus, see Bible, Exodus, Book of exotica, 60, 64, 65, 72–76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 131–134 see also Medici, Cosimo I, exotica
explorations, 70, 73–74, 113, 115, 119, 121, 125, 126, 233
Portuguese, 70, 73, 113, 115, 119, 121, 125, 126, 233
Spanish, 74, 126–127 233
Fantoni, Filippo, 44
Farnese, Alessandro, Cardinal, 143–44, 183, 237
Ferrara, 157, 186, 204
Fillastre, Guillaume, Cardinal, 85
Finé, Oronce, 50, 51, 159
Flaminia, 157, 161, 194, 198, 199, 227, 226, 270
Florence, 11, 20–21, 32, 58–59, 62, 156, 189
Florence, academies, 46, 135
Accademia del Disegno, 46
Accademia della Crusca, 46
Accademia florentina, 46, 135
Florence, churches, 31, 43, 47, 51–52, 53, 54, 154, 247
Monastery of San Marco, 31, 247
Sta Maria del Fiore, 43
Sta Maria Novella, 31, 47, 51–52, 53, 54, 154
Florence, Ducal Palace, 16, 17–22, 26, 34–35, 36–37, 56–57, 58–59, 61–62, 63–65, 66–67, 70–71, 72–73, 75, 92
Apartment of the Elements, 19, 34–35, 36–37, 64
Apartment of Leo X, 19, 62
Guardaroba Nuova: see Florence, Ducal Palace
Guardaroba Nuova; Sala dei Duecento, 19
Sala dei Gigli, 26, 57
Sala dell’Udienza, 19
Sala Grande, 19–22, 56, 58–59
Studiolo di Calliope, 63–65, 75
Studiolo of Francesco I, 70–71, 72–73, 92
Tesoretto, 65–66, 67
Florence, Ducal Palace, Guardaroba Nuova, 1–2, 14, 22, 23–24, 28–32, 55–57, 58–59, 61–83, 89–92, 93–104, 105–136, 131–134, 141, 252, 256–265
cartographic sources, 93, 105–36
collecting and, 61–62, 67–83, 131–34
Cosimo I and, 55–59, 89, 131–34
geographical order and, 89–92, 108–09
iconography, 28–32, 68–72
model of, 31
orientation, 1–2
Ptolemy’s Geography and, 93–104
use of, 23, 131–134, 282 ns. 20 and 21
Vasari’s description of, 24–25, 281 n. 15
Bonsignori’s Map: Northern Asia, 125, 262–63
The Strait of Magellan, 25, 258
Parte dell’Agisamba (Côte d’Avoire), 75, 83, 259
Libia interiore, 114–115, 119, 259
North Pole, 130
Danti’s Maps : Arabia, 24, 262
Armenia, 75, 79, 261
China, 70, 76, 119–21, 263
China and Japan, 119–21, 123, 263
Gronlandia, 130, 131, 265
Indochina, 70, 76, 263
Indostan fuori in Gange, 68, 69, 70, 116, 125, 262
Isola di San Lorenzo, 113–14, 116, 261
Isole Britanniche, 70, 109–10, 112, 257
L’Isole Moluche, 124, 263
Livonia et Lituania, 109–11, 114, 258
Mexican Gulf, 126–27, 129, 264
Moschovia, 95, 110, 258
Norvegia Gotiae, 109, 110, 258
Nuova Spagna, 75, 81, 126, 264
Parte del India dentro il Gange, 121, 262
Sogdiana, 3, 261
Strait of Magellan, 126–27, 265
Le ultime parti dell’Indie occidentali, 126–27, 128, 265
Florence, Fortezza da Basso, 18
Florence, palaces: 17–18, 26, 43, 65, 67, 92, 132–33, 134
Medici Palace, 17–18
Pitti Palace: 43, 65, 67, 92
Palazzo Vecchio: see Florence
Ducal Palace; Uffizi Palace: Loggia della Cosmografia, 26, 132–33
Stanza delle matematiche, 48, 132
Tribuna, 28, 50, 134
Fontana, Giovanni, 204
Fontana, Prospero, 150, 154
Forma urbis Romae, 12
Fornovo, 194
Foucault, Michel, 279 n. 11
Fra Mauro, 98
France, 73, 78, 181, 215, 231, 239, 248
Franciscans, Order, 235
Frisius, Gemma, 38, 42, 159
Frizzolio, Lorenzo, 184, 185
Gaddi, Nicoló, 135
Galilei, Galileo, 45, 135, 247
Gastaldi, Giacomo, 85, 86–87, 89, 100, 102, 103, 106–07, 108, 114, 115, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 126, 186, 190
edition of Ptolemy’s Geography. 85, 86–87, 89, 100, 102, 106, 108, 293 n. 38
Cosmographia universalis: 106–107, 114, 115, 126
Africa: 107, 114–115, 118
Asia: 107, 115–116, 119, 120, 121, 122
Gelli, Giambattista, 65
Genesis, see Bible, Genesis, Book of, Genoa, 171, 173, 181, 186
Geography, 13, 41–59, 92, 96–102, 99 see also chorography, cosmography, geographical description, and topography
geographical description, 3, 13, 92, 97–98, 96–104, 111, 186, 254 see also chorography, cosmography, geography, and topography
geographical order, 67–92 see also Ptolemy and collecting
Germany, 73, 78, 86, 215, 235, 239
Ghebellino, Stefano, 190
Ghirlandaio, Ridolfo, 19
Ghislieri, Giovanni Pietro, 156–57
Giambullari, Pier Francesco, 65
Gigante, Antonio, 153
Giglio, Luigi, 245, 247
Giovanni Antonio da Varese (known as Vanosino), 29, 143, 147, 238, 243
Giovio, Paolo, 26, 110
Giulio Romano, 213, 215
globe, 35–41
Charles v and, 38, 39–40, 41
Cosimo I and, 35–36, 37, 38–41, 49, 59
Goethe, Johannes Caspar, 204
Goethe, Wolfang, 204
Gonzaga, family of Mantua, 11, 20, 101
Gonzaga, Guglielmo, 189
Gonzaga, Luigi, 39
Grafton, Anthony, 4
Granada, New Palace of Charles v, 38–39
Greece, 202, 233, 235, 239, 258
Greenland, 127–129, 130–131, 265
Gregory XIII, Pope, 1–2, 9, 10, 108, 136, 142–50, 153, 156–57, 167–68, 170–205, 209–16, 225–38, 246–54
Bologna and, 142–48
cartography and, 146–47, 246–54
Danti and, 156–57, 167–168, 246–52
ecclesiastical revenues and, 226–29
Gallery of Maps and, 168, 170–205
Holy Year and, 139–40
Italy and, 205, 209–16
map cycles and, 1–2, 108, 254–55
mixed sciences and, 146–48, 246–54
Paleotti and, 148–150
reform of the calendar and, 52, 153, 246–54
universal church and, 229–37, 254
Gregory Nazianzius, 155, 236, 239, 242, 244
grid, 7, 8, 78, 82, 94–97, 193, 205
grotesque, 154–55, 156, 252
Guarino Veronese, 99, 101
Guastavillani, Filippo, Cardinal 153
Gueroult, Guillaume, 189
Hadrian, 217, 218
Hannibal, 102, 188, 192–93, 194–95
Harley, Brian, 7
Heliodorus, 44, 47
Herodotus, 88
Hindustan, 68–69, 70, 116, 125, 262
Hipparcos, 54
Hogenberg, Franz, 186, 190
Holste, Lukas, 159, 174–75, 204, 210, 272–274
Maps: Italia antiqua, 174
Italia nova, 175
Latium, 159, 161, 186, 205, 267
Holy Land, 201, 202, 235, 249, 250–51, 252
Holy Year, 139, 140–41, 146, 152
Hungary, 233
Husserl, Edmund, 8, 9
Hydrography, 102
Ignatius of Loyola, 250, 252
Ilarius, Pope, 246
In Coena Domini, 230–32
India, 118–19, 121, 151
Indochina, 70, 118–19, 122
Innocent VIII, Pope, 246
Isola di San Lorenzo, see Madagascar
isolari, 188, 232
Italy, 2–3, 168, 180–81, 185, 186–97, 209–32, 233, 248, 252, 254, 259
maps of, 169, 172, 174–75, 180–81
primacy of, 209–32
universal church and, 230–33
Jacob, 218, 219–20, 223, 224
Japan, 115, 119–21, 123, 233, 236
Jenkinson, Anthony, 111, 115
Jerome, St., 155
Jerusalem, 229, 235, 249, 252
Jesuits, Order, 237, 247, 250
Johanna of Austria, 20, 32, 36, 135
Joshua, 220
Julius II, Pope, 246
Julius Caesar, 42, 43, 51, 52, 54, 194, 195, 199, 202, 212, 244, 246
Kant, Immanuel, 5
Kemp, Martin, 5, 48
Kepler, Johannes, 42
Kunstkammer see collecting
Lafrery, Antonio, 88, 91
Lanei, Baldassarre, 48, 135
Landi, Antonio, 58
Latium, 159, 161, 162–63, 186, 205, 267
Laureti, Tommaso, 153, 212–13, 214
Laureto, Marco, 234
Leo I, Pope, 198, 246
Leo X, Pope, 19, 40, 75, 246
Leonardo da Vinci, 11, 64
Lepanto, Battle of, 180
Ligozzi, Jacopo, 28
Liguria, 181, 186, 188, 191, 212
Lily, George, 110, 113
Livonia and Lithuania, see Muscovy
Livy, Titus, 12, 102, 187
Lombardelli, 178
Lombardy, 215
London, 11
Loreto, House of, 199
Ludius, 12
Luther, Martin, 214, 249
Lyceus, Proclus, 44, 47
Macao, 237
Madagascar, 113–14, 115
Madrid, 11
Maffei, Raffaele, 187, 188, 200, 205, 210
Magdeburg, Centuriae, 216–17
Magini, Giovanni Antonio, 205
Malta, 171, 180–81, 186, 204, 232
Manila, 237
Mantua, 11, 198
map cycles, 1–3, 9, 11–13, 152, 253–55
mapping, Renaissance, 3–10, 48–54, 103–08, 155–68, 235, 239–46, 251–53
philology and, 4, 7, 103–04
antiquarianism and, 3–4, 103–104, 169, 187, 189–190, 249
walking and, 8–10
techniques of, 105–08, 155–18
instruments of, 48–54, 164–65, 166–68
drawing and, 163–164, 166–67
semiotics and, 7–8
politcs and, 3, 11–13
religion and, 235, 239–46, 251–54
Maps: cadastral maps, 7, 153, 157
display and use, 3–4, 7, 9, 12–13, 105, 108, 155–57
historical vignettes and, 172, 177, 192–193, 194–198, 199–200, 203
landscape features and, 172, 176, 179, 193
language of, 7, 164–65, 172, 192–97, 253–55
legends and cartouches, 68–72, 116, 118–20, 125, 185
mnemonics and, 67–92
printed, 7, 105–108
regional, 24–28, 155–167, 185
religion and, 150–155, 172, 239–46, 251–53
sky maps, 28, 142–145, 146, 147
wall, 105–108; see also mapping, chorography, geography, and topography
world, 103–104, 106–07, 111–12, 126, 240–41, 250–51
Marcellus, 194
Marches, 186, 188, 191
Marco da Faenza, 178
Marco Polo, 103, 115–25
Margarita of Austria, 18, 62
Marinus of Tyra, 94, 101
Martini, Bernardino, 54–55, 59
Martini, Francesco di Giorgio, 11
Mascherino, Ottaviano, 143, 147, 170, 174
mass, 225–232, see also biblical sacrifices and offering
mathematics, 42, 44–45, 47–48, 147, 244–47, 253–54
Matilda of Canossa, 216, 230
Matteo da Siena, 178
Matteo da Verona, 38
Mattioli, Pietro Andrea, 29
Maximilian, Emperor, 42
Medici, family of Florence, 1–22, 34, 40–41, 55–57, 59, 61–78, 131–34
coat of arms, 35, 41, 55–57, 59
collections, 2, 18, 22, 61–78, 131–34, 290–91, ns. 2–6
guardaroba, 23, 62–63, 290–91, ns. 2–5
palace, 17–18
Medici, Alessandro de’, 18
Medici, Cosimo the Elder, 17–18, 19, 135
Medici, Cosimo I de’, 1–2, 9, 10, 17–23, 26–37, 40–59, 65, 73–78, 89–92, 105, 107–08, 119–21, 131–35, 141, 169, 186, 235, 237, 238, 239, 254
Atlas and, 36–37
Augustus and, 36, 40
Capricorn and, 33–36, 37, 40, 65, 285 n 2
Charles v and, 18, 21, 33, 38–41
cosmography and, 33, 42–54, 135
Cosmos cosmoi cosmos, 33, 55–59, 131
ducal palace and, 17–23
exotica and, 60, 61, 64, 73–74, 75–76, 77–78, 92
globes and, 35–36, 37–41, 49, 59
Guardaroba Nuova and, 28–32, 55–59, 89–92, 93, 94, 105, 107–08, 119–21, 131–34, 141
Hercules and, 33–37, 59
map cycles and, 1–2, 135
reform of the calendar and, 51–54
Medici, Cosimo II, 135
Medici, Cosimo III, 37
Medici, Ferdinando, 26, 40, 45, 48, 50, 74, 132, 136, 185, 237
Medici, Francesco I, 20, 26, 28, 32, 33–34, 36, 45, 70–73, 74, 92, 132, 136, 157
Medici, Giovanni dalla Bande Nere, 18, 19
Medici, Isabella Orsini, 45
Medici, Lorenzo the Magnificent, 18, 19, 26, 36, 63, 65, 74
Medici, Lorenzo (known as Lorenzaccio), 18
Mediterranean Sea, 201, 203, 233, 247, 7, 26
Mela, Pomponius, 7, 101, 187
Melanchton, Philipp, 224
Melchizedeck, 225–26, 229
Mercator, Gerard, 38, 103–104, 107, 109–11, 114, 118, 121, 125, 127, 130
geographical description and, 103–04
globes and, 38, 103–104
Maps: British Isles, 109–10
Europe, 107, 109–11
World, 103–04, 114, 118, 121, 125, 127, 130
meridian line, 54, 153, 184, 244, 246
metaphysics, 148–152, 246
Mexico, 73–74, 126–127, 129, 264
Milan, 148, 180, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196
Miltiades, 216, 217, 218
Missal, see Roman liturgy
mixed sciences (scientiae mediae), 6, 23, 44–48, 135–36, 146–52, 155, 244, 246–49
religion and, 244–52, 253
Moluccas Islands, 85, 113, 124, 125
Montaigne, Michel de, 86, 230
Montanus, Benedictus Arias, 249–51, 251
Montefeltro, family of Urbino, 101
Monti della Luna, 114
Moses, 218, 220 221, 222, 223, 250; law of, 224
Mountain of Hyperborea, 111
Münster, Sebastian, 85–87, 88–90, 100, 102, 188, 211
Muret, Antoine, 184
Muscovy, 95, 109–111, 114–15, 235, 258, 297 n. 36
Muziano, Girolamo, 174, 175, 179
Na’mattalah, Ignatius, 235
Naples, 11, 196
navigational charts, 7, 107, 113–15, 121, 125, 126–27, 296 n. 27
Nebbia, Cesare, 175, 178, 182, 183–84
Negro, Domenico Mario, 101
Neri, Bernardo, 121
Neri, Filippo, 183
Neri, Giovanni, 27
Nicholas of Cusa, 52
Nicola Pisano, 64
Nicolaus Germanus, 94–95
Nigetti, Dionigi di Matteo, 26, 31
Noah, 218, 219, 220, 224, 247
Nobili, Pietro de’, 140, 141
Nogari, Paris, 178
North Pole, 127–129, 130–31, 265
Nozzolino, Giuseppe, 44
offering, 225, 227–28, see also mass and tithe
optics, 44–45, 47, 286 n. 33, 287 n. 45
Order of the Golden Fleece, 21, 55, 57
Orléans, Marguerite-Louise d’, 37
Oronce, 98
Orsini, Latino, 162, 182–83, 184, 185, 250
Ortelius, Abraham, 68, 87–89, 103, 105, 107–08, 111–12, 114, 116, 115, 118–19, 121, 125–26, 189, 190, 201–02, 205, 238, 250–252
Maps: Asia, 116, 118, 119, 121, 125
Theatrum orbis terrarum, 87–89, 90, 103, 105, 108, 111–12, 114, 115, 189, 90, 201–02, 205, 238, 250–252
World, 68, 107, 114, 126, 248–50
Ostia, 204
Paleotti, Camilla, 49
Paleotti, Gabriele, Cardinal, 13, 142, 148–54, 199, 217, 230, 246, 251–53
Bologna and, 148–50
Gregory XIII and, 142
scientific images and, 148–52
Danti and, 153–55
Discorso intorno alle immagini sacre e profane, 150–54, 251–52
Panigarola, Francesco, 236
Papal administration, 157, 207, 219, 226–30, 233, 237–39
Apostolic Chamber, 157, 226, 227, 233
Congregation of Propaganda Fide, 235
Congregazione ai confini, 227
Dataria, 226
ecclesiastical revenues, 209, 218, 226–30, 233
Greek Congregation, 236, 237
Ufficio degli spolii, 204
Papal States, 62, 155–68, 180, 191, 216, 218, 226–27, 229, 230, 243, 244, 252
surveying of 155–57, 158–63, 164–68
Parma and Piacenza, Duchy, 11, 194
Parmigianino, 40
Pasi, Marc’Antonio, 186, 191
Passerotti, Bartolomeo, 11, 153, 154
Patrimony of St. Peter, 159, 215 see also Latium
Paul, St., 181, 184, 203, 250
Paul III, Pope, 52, 234, 246
Paul V, Pope, 224, 227
Paul of Middleburg, 52
Pedro of Toledo, 18
Pepin, 188, 217
Pepoli, Giovanni, 153
Pereira, Benedict, 247
Persia, 70, 75
Perugia, 6, 11, 102, 156–157, 158–59, 161, 163, 187, 192, 195
Peter, St., 182, 184, 200
Peter II of Aragona, 217
Philip II, 39, 144, 202, 228, 235
Philippines, 237
Piceno, 195, 199, 212
Piedmont, 174, 181, 194
Piero di Cosimo, 27
Pisa, conquest of, 20–21
university of, 43–44, 153
Pietro del Massaio, 85
Pigafetta, Filippo, 191, 205
Pitti, Miniato, 28–29, 31, 238
Pius I, Pope, 246
Pius IV, Pope, 20, 29, 93, 141, 145, 180, 233, 237, 238, 239–42, 243
Pius V, Pope, 215, 226, 230, 236, 244
place, 5, 8–10, 98, 186, 254
Plato, 186
Plantin, Editor, 189
Pliny, 12, 64, 78, 89, 101, 187, 210
Podiani, Prospero, 135
Poland, 235, 239, 246
Polybius, 102, 187
Pontormo, 19
Possevino, 235
Ptolemy, 3, 6–7, 13, 23–25, 29, 44, 47, 50, 52, 54, 78–92, 94–102, 107, 113–14, 115, 118–19, 127, 130, 153, 161, 180, 186, 189, 200, 238, 253–54
geographical order of, 25, 29, 78–92, 238
geographical theory, 13, 78, 82, 94–102, 186, 253–54
geography, 3, 6, 25, 44, 47, 78–89, 92, 93–102, 127, 130, 186
Renaissance editions, 25, 47, 84, 85, 86–87, 89, 94–95, 96–102, 189
Maps: Map of the known world, 82, 84
tables of, 82, 84, 86, 92–93, 94, 95–102, 295 n. 34
tabulae modernae, 82, 84, 87, 95
quadrant, 52, 53, 54
Quicchelberg, Samuel, 91–92
radius latinus, 161–63, 164, 165–67
Ramusio, Giovan Battista, 103, 106, 115
Raphael, 65, 141–142, 218
Razzi, Serafino, 29
Regiomontanus, 52
Ricci, Giuliano, de, 135
Ricci, Matteo, 250
Rojas de Sarmiento, Juan, 50
Roman liturgy, 221, 222, 232, 241, 234, 236, 242
Breviary, 233, 243, 244
Catechism, 224, 225, 233, 234, 243
Missal, 233
Romanelli, Giovan Battista, 181–182
Rome, 11, 139–140, 148, 151, 157, 180, 183, 185, 187, 189, 190, 192, 202, 212, 213, 216–18, 230, 239, 242, 243, 252
Acqua Vergine, 139
Rome, churches: San Giovanni in Laterano, 140, 141, 212, 216, 217
San Paolo, 218
Sta Maria in Campo Marzio, 235
Sta Maria Sopra Minerva, 11
Greek College of Sant’ Anastasio, 236
Temple of Peace, 12
university of, 244
Rossi, Vincenzo de, 37
Rowland, Ingrid, 4
Rudolph II, 42
Ruscelli, Girolamo, 85, 89, 100–02, 130, 186, 189–90
edition of Ptolemy’s Geography, 85, 89, 100–02, 130
Russia, see Muscovy
Sabatini, Lorenzo, 29, 141–143
Sacrobosco, Giovanni, 44, 46, 51, 153, 245, 247
Salomon, King, 220
Salviati, Francesco, 19
Santucci, Antonio, 26, 130
Saracens, 194, 196
Sardinia, 180, 181, 190, 231, 232
map in the shape of, 12
Savelli, Orazio, 225
Scandinavian Peninsula, 109–10, 233
scientiae mediae, see mixed sciences
Schulz, Jurgen, 280 n. 10
Scipio, Cornelius, 194
Semenza, Jacopo, 178
Seneca, 109, 251
Sicily, 180, 190, 212, 228, 230, 232
Siena, conquest of 19–21
Sigonio, Carlo, 150, 154, 199, 216–18
Sirleto, Guglielmo, Cardinal, 47, 182–83, 217, 245
site, 5, 8–10, 98, 252
Sixtus IV, Pope, 52
Sixtus V, Pope, 237
Socrates, 12, 151
Soderini, Pietro, 17
Soliman the Magnificent, 99
Sorte, Cristoforo, 186
Sosigenes, 42, 54
Spain, 33, 215, 218, 228, 229, 232, 236, 246
Spini, Gherardo, 46, 51, 54
Stabius, 42
Stafford, Barbara, 5
Stella, Giacomo, 178
Stella, Giovanni Battista, 171
Strabo, 7, 98, 100–102, 107, 180, 187, 200, 212–13
Strada, Jacopo, 189–90
Strait of Anian, 115, 121, 123
Strait of Magellan, 25, 126–27
Strozzi, Filippo, 58
Strozzi, Giovambattista, 58–59, 135
Sylvester I, Pope, 140, 212–215
Symmachus, Pope, 181
Sweden, 235
Taja, Agostino, 239
Tarde, Jean, 224
Tempesta, Antonio, 141, 178, 179, 239, 242
Toscanelli, Paolo, 54
tithe, 209, 219–20, 224–28 see also biblical sacrifices, offering, and papal administration
Tolesani, Giovanni Maria, 245
topography, 98, 187 see also chorography, cosmography, geographical description, and geography
Tremiti, 171, 186, 191, 204
trepidation, motion of, 51, 245, 317 n. 26
Turks, 21, 46, 180, 228, 230, 233, 234, 236, 237
Tuscany, 20–21, 35, 58–59, 186, 188, 190, 204
Tyrrhenian Sea, 2, 172, 188, 194
Urban VIII, Pope, 182, 204, 227
Umbria, 161, 194
Urbino, 204
universities, 44–45, 54, 143, 153, 154, 163, 199, 248
of Bologna, 54, 143, 153, 154, 163, 199, 248
of Pisa, 43–44, 153
of Rome, 245
Valier, Agostino, 217
Valla, Lorenzo, 214
Vandeville, Jean de, 234–236
Varchi, Benedetto, 46
Varolio, Carlo, 150
Vasari, Giorgio, 19–21, 23–26, 27, 28–29, 31–36, 40, 46, 63, 65, 67, 72, 89
Works: Saturn Castrating Heaven, 34–35
Saturn Receiving the Tribute of the Earth, 34–35
Studiolo di Calliope, 63–65
Guardaroba Nuova, 14, 19–21, 22, 23–26, 28–29, 31–36, 57, 89, 93, 94–97, 130–31
Sala Grande, 19–22, 56, 59–59
Sala Regia, 140–41
Writings: Lives, 23–24, 27, 40, 46, 63, 67, 135
Ragionamenti, 33–36, 58, 285 n. 3
Vatican, Gallery of Maps, 2–3, 155, 157, 159, 164, 168, 169–205, 234, 235, 238, 243, 252, 254, 266–72
orientation, 2–3, 172, 190
cartographic sources, 190
use of, 170, 204–205
construction and decoration, 169–79
iconography, 172, 180–185
geographical order, 180–185, 190
Biblical Sacrifices: Adam’s Sacrifice of Praise, 187
The Priest Leading the Bullock to the Temple for the Communal Sacrifice, 218–30, 221
The Priest Cutting the Throat of the Bullock and Collecting its Blood
in a Basin, 218–30, 221
The Priest Sprinkling the Blood on the Curtain of the Sanctuary, 218–30, 221
The Priest Smearing the Blood on the Corners of the Altar, 218–30, 222
The Priest Pouring the Remaining Blood at the Foot of the Altar, 216–28, 220
The Priest Burning the Fat, Kidneys, and Lobes of the Liver on the Altar, 218–30, 222
The Priest Burning the Carcass and the Meat Outside the Camp, 218–30, 223
Ceiling Paintings: The Exposition of the Holy Shroud, 174, 181
St. Ambrose Refusing Emperor Theodosius Admittance to Church, 174
St. Francis Appearing to St. Anthony of Padua, 181
The Translation of St. John the Baptist’s Ashes to Turin, 181
The Manna Coming from St. Andrew’s Body, 181
Pope Symmachus Sending Aid to the Exiled Bishops, 181
The Miracle of the Blood of St. Januarius in Naples, 174, 179
Stopping the Lava on Aetna By Holding St. Agata’s Veil, 182 183
St. Michael the Archangel Appearing on Monte Gargano, 174, 198, 200
The Hermit St. Peter of Morrone Elected Pope, 198
Countess Matilda Donating her Possessions to the Roman Church, 198
Feed My Sheep, 181–82
St. Sylvester Baptizing Emperor Constantine, 211–212
Emperor Constantine Building the Basilica of St. Peter’s, 211–212
Emperor Constantine Building the Basilica of St. Paul, 211–212
Emperor Constantine Holding the Reins of St. Sylvester’s Horse, 211–212, 213
Constantine’s Vision of the Cross Before the Battle at the Milvian Bridge, 211–213
Maps: Apulia, 102, 174, 187, 188, 193, 198, 201, 212, 270
Avenionensis ditio, 171, 180
Bononiensis ditio, 157–58, 160, 197, 270
Campania, 174, 176, 177, 178, 191, 268
Corsica, 180, 212, 232
Flaminia, 157, 161, 194, 198, 199, 227, 228, 270
Genoa, 171, 173, 181, 186, 267
Ilva, 171, 186, 204
Italia antiqua, 174, 210, 272
Italia nova, 174, 210, 267
Malta, 171, 180, 181, 186, 204, 232
Mediolanensis ducatus, 191–92, 194–195, 196, 271
Perusinus ac Tifernas, 157, 158, 159, 267
Picenum, 195, 270
Sallentina Hydrunti Terra, 193, 269
Sardinia, 180, 181, 190, 231, 232
Sicilia, 180, 190, 212, 228, 230, 232
Tremitae, 171, 186, 191, 204
Venice, 106–07, 171, 173, 180, 186, 188, 190–91, 212, 215, 225
Vatican Palace, 2, 29–30, 31, 65, 108, 138, 139–40, 141–43, 145–49, 151–52, 155, 165, 168–70, 180, 182, 184, 212–14, 239, 248, 250
Belvedere Villa and Courtyard, 65, 152, 168, 169–70
Chapel of Nicholas V, 248
Gallery of Maps, see Vatican, Gallery of Maps
Palace of San Damaso, 141–42
Pauline Chapel, 140
Raphael’s Loggias, 180, 220
Raphael’s Stanze, 170
Sala Bologna, 138, 142, 143, 144–46, 148, 149, 151, 152, 182, 184, 233, 238, 250
Sala degli Svizzeri, 184
Sala dei Palafrenieri, 184
Sala di Costantino, 170, 180, 212–214, 214
Sala Regia, 140–41, 180, 236, 237
Sistine Chapel, 180
Terza Loggia, 29–30, 31, 108, 141–42, 145, 180, 234, 235, 236–41, 250–52
Tower of the Winds, 54, 170, 184, 248
Vatican, St. Peter’s, 54, 139, 140, 213, 230, 236, 239
Gregorian Chapel, 175, 236–37, 239, 242, 248
Velho, Bartholomeo, 107, 114, 117, 121
Venice, 106–07, 171, 173, 180, 186, 188, 190, 191, 212, 215, 226
ducal palace, 11, 106
city view, 171
Vignola, Giacomo, 10, 11, 44, 223
Vitelli, Alessandro, 18
Vitruvius, 42, 49, 78, 89
Volpaia, Girolamo della, 48
Volpaia, Lorenzo della, 24, 26, 48, 132
Winghe, Philip van, 159, 162, 205
Woodward, David, 7
Wright, A.D., 309 n. 1
Zeno, brothers and map, 130
Zimmermann, Matthias, 38
zoological drawings, 27–28, 29, 134, 150–52, 284 n. 23