Index

Brusius, Mirjam; Dean, Katrina; Ramalingam, Chitra

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Index

Mirjam Brusius (Editor), Katrina Dean (Editor), Chitra Ramalingam (Editor)

William Henry Fox Talbot: Beyond Photography

Index

Author

Mirjam Brusius (Editor), Katrina Dean (Editor), Chitra Ramalingam (Editor)

PublisherYale Center for British Art

PublisherPaul Mellon Centre

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-21246

Index

Abbotsford, Scotland, 102, 105

Abel, Niels Henrik (1802–1829), 80, 82, 83, 84, 87

Accum, Friedrich, 95

Achray, Loch, 106, 107

aciérage, 175–76, 182

actinic, 262

Adam and Eve, 208

Adelaide, queen consort of the United Kingdom (1792–1849), 99

Adriatic coast, Italy, 97

Age of Reform, 274, 281

Airy, George Biddell (1801–1892), 84

Akkadian writing, 201, 202

albumen prints, 176, 232, 233, 234

alchemy, 276

Amphitype plates, 245

analytical chemistry, 281

analytic geometry, 76

Analytic Society, 70–71

Anglicans, 150

Annan, James Craig (1864–1946), 162, 180

Antarctic survey, 280

antiquarian scholarship, 14–15, 280–81

and photography, 219, 225, 226, 274

Talbot’s activities in, 16, 272

Anzu bird, 210, 211

aquatint ground, 174, 179–80

Arabic language, 206, 208

Arago, François (1786–1853), 119, 128, 129, 136, 282

Aramaic language, 206, 209

Archaeologia, 183

archaeology

biblical, 212–14

field research in, 6, 17

media used in, 227

Armstrong, Carol, 145, 154, 155

Arnold, H. J. P. (1932–2006), 3

Arnold, Thomas (1795–1842), 149

art

drawing, 122–23

magic vs., 144–45

“New Art,” 126, 128, 135, 136–37

and photography, 10–11, 14, 17, 226

and science, 12–13, 136–37

and talent, 152

Art-Journal, 284

Art of Employing Time, The, 43

Art Reproduction Company, London, 182

Art-Union, 164

Assurbanipal, king of Assyria (r. 668–627 BCE), 195

Assyrian Dictionary, 206

Assyrian Empire, 193–95, 199, 206

Assyriology

academic discipline of, 213

astronomy

discovery of Neptune, 281

media used in, 227–28

Talbot’s interest in, 76, 89

Astyages, king of Babylon (r. ca. 585–550 BCE), 209

Athenaeum, 120, 262

Atkinson, Solomon (d. 1865), 71–72

Austen, Jane (1775–1817)

Mansfield Park, 98

Persuasion, 98

Sense and Sensibility, 98, 99–100

Babbage, Charles, 34, 70, 79, 269

Babylon, Processional Way, 209, 210

Bacon, Francis (1561–1626), 146–47

Baker, Marcus (1849–1903), 85

Balfour, Francis Maitland [Frank] (1851–1882), 33

Barclay, George (b. 1802), 173

Barrow-Green, June, 67, 271, 275

Barthes, Roland (1915–1980)

Camera Lucida, 111, 144–45, 146

theory of indexicality, 156

Batchen, Geoffrey, 153

Baumé, 174

Beatty, Francis (1807–1891), 182, 184

Beaufort, Francis (1774–1857), 137

Bedford, sixth Duke of (John Russell; 1766–1839), 279–80

Bel, 202–3, 206, 207, 208, 211

“Bel, the Dragon, and the Flaming Sword,” 202–3, 206, 207–11, 208

and biblical archaeology, 212–14

and British Museum collections, 16–17, 194, 195, 202, 210, 211, 224, 280

and decipherment, see decipherment

Epic of Anzu, 210

field research in, 6

grammar and glossary, 206

The Sin of the God Zu, 210

Talbot’s interest in, 5, 16–17, 20, 199, 214, 237, 239, 271, 272

Talbot’s notebooks on, 5, 7, 9, 195–96, 196, 204–10, 206, 227, 272

use of photography in, 227–28, 235, 239, 240, 240, 280

Ben A’an, Scotland, 106

Bentham, George (1800–1884), 45

Bentley’s Miscellany, 269–70, 271

Benvenue, Scotland, 106, 109

Bertrand, Joseph (1822–1900), 87

Berwick, England, 102

Bible, see Old Testament

Biot, Jean-Baptiste (1774–1862), 262

Birch, Samuel (1813–1885), 195, 202

Birmingham, England, 281

Blackwood, William (1776–1834?), 161

Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 282, 283

Bloor, David, 45

Borders region, Scotland, 101, 102

botany, 41–66

classification in, 44, 279

community of scholars, 53, 54–57, 279

drawings in, 60–61

microscopy in, 41–42

mosses, 42, 46–53

natural illustrations in, 59–61, 279

photogenic drawings in, 41, 42, 154–55

social networks in, 52–53

Talbot family interest in, 56–57

Talbot’s interest in, 6, 17, 42, 44, 46–53, 55–57, 61–62, 271

Talbot’s specimens collected, 7, 8–9

training of the mind in, 44–46, 60

Boyle, Robert (1627–1691), 33

Brewster, David (1781–1868), 34, 151–52, 272, 276, 278, 282, 283

Bristol Mint, 31

Britain, country houses in, 28, 29–34, 35, 275–76

British Association, Birmingham, 281, 282

British Association for the Advancement of Science, 83, 102, 176, 195, 270, 272, 275, 280

British Library

national collection of historical manuscripts in, 29

Talbot Collection in, 5–6, 7, 20, 26–28, 219, 220, 221

British Museum, 15, 252, 284

Assyrian antiquities in collections of, 16–17, 194, 195, 202, 210, 211, 224, 280

and Chaldean mythology, 202–3

circulation of objects in, 235, 239

as construction site, 241, 241, 280

cuneiform tablets in, 16, 194, 199, 224, 225, 284

Department of Antiquities, 195, 219, 228

and field scientists, 224–25

Kouyunjik Collection, 195, 199, 201, 204, 225, 239

and photography, 16, 219–30, 220, 221, 223, 231–32, 232, 233, 234, 235, 237, 239–41

scholarship controlled by, 238–39

Talbot’s requests for access to objects in, 16–17, 225–37, 240

transition period in, 224–25, 238, 280

Brooker, Thomas (1813–1885), 173, 180

Brusius, Mirjam, 1, 59, 219, 272, 274, 280, 284

Budge, Wallis (1857–1934), 199

Bunsen, Christian von (1791–1860), 273

Bunsen, Robert (1811–1899), 277, 278

Buxton, Richard, Botanical Guide to the Flowering Plants, 54–55, 54

Cadell, Robert (1788–1849), 106

Callander, Scotland, 102, 106

calotype, 28, 120, 137, 143, 153, 167, 179, 222, 281, 283, 284

Cambridge, University of

Caius College, 84

“Cambridge network,” 151

Classical Tripos in, 68

Mathematical Tripos in, 6, 68, 70–71, 74, 85

mathematics in, 6, 44, 67–73, 88–89, 272

Porson Prize for Greek Verse, 5

Talbot as student in, 5, 6, 67, 70–73, 74, 88–89, 144

Talbot conference (2010) at, 4

Trinity College, 67, 71, 88–89

camera obscura, 124, 126–27, 134, 150, 152, 275

camera vision, 41

Cantor, Geoffrey, 148

Carlisle, England, 102

Carlyle, Thomas (1795–1881), 98–99, 101, 274

Cauchy, Augustin Louis (1789–1857), 72

Cavendish, Henry (1731–1810), 282

Cayley, Arthur (1821–1895), 75

Chaldean mythology, 202–3, 205, 209, 210, 211

Chaldean Syriac (Iraqi Aramaic), 206

Chambers’ Edinburgh Journal, 277, 282

Chartists, 281

Chemical News, 278

chemical research, 28

Chippenham, Talbot as MP for, 28, 34

chronophotography, 279

Cole, Lady Mary Lucy [previously Mary Talbot, née Strangways] (1776–1855), 44, 45

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor (1772–1834), 146, 148, 149, 152, 153, 274, 276

“Common Sense” principles, 146

Como, Lake, 150, 273, 284

Continental notation (calculus), 70, 71, 72, 89

copper plates, 180

Corfu, 108

Correspondence of William Henry Fox Talbot project, 4, 27

Cowper, William (1731–1800), 98

Craik, Alex D. D., 87

Crelle, August Leopold (1780–1855), 75, 79

Crimean War, 202

Croker, John Wilson (1780–1857), 270

Crookes, William (1832–1921), 278

Crosland, Maurice, 120

Crosse, Andrew (1784–1855), 275

Culloden, battle of (Scotland), 105

cuneiform tablets

act of reading, 212

Assyrian, 195, 198

in British Museum collection, 16, 194, 199, 224, 225, 239, 284

comparisons with Hebrew, 195–96, 206–7, 214

decipherment of, 35, 193–218, 200, 201, 227, 230, 236–37, 272

determinatives in, 194, 207, 208, 212

Elamite script, 194, 195

lexical texts, 199

logograms in, 194, 207, 208, 212

Old Persian script, 194

photographs of, 20, 35, 212, 224–25, 227–28, 229–34, 236, 237, 240, 240

publication of texts, 199

syllabic readings of, 212

Tablet K 3437, 204, 205

Cuvier, Georges (1769–1832), 224, 238

Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé (1787–1851):

and discovery/invention of photography, 119, 122, 126–27, 137, 282

Le Pavilion de Flore et le Pont-Royal, 128

photography presented to the public by, 4, 161

process used by, 125–26, 127, 136–37, 162, 167

and theatrical illusion, 14

Vue du Pont-Neuf, 127, 127

daguerreotypes, 136–37, 162, 182, 270, 280, 282

Daily Telegraph, 202

Dalton, Rev. James (1764–1843), 54, 55

Dancer, John Benjamin (1812–1887), 41–42

Daniel, 207, 209

D’Arcy Wood, Gillen, 59

Darwin, Charles (1809–1882), 33, 231

Davy, Humphry (1778–1829), 126, 129, 130, 152

Dean, Katrina, 25, 270, 273

decipherment

of Annals of Sennacherib, 196

of Annals of Tiglath-Pileser, 197, 199, 200, 201

comparative etymology in, 195–96, 206, 207–9, 214, 272, 274

of cuneiform script, 35, 193, 200, 227, 230, 236–37

“decipherment event” (1857), 193, 195–98, 199, 212, 213, 273

of key points, 195–96

and prism K 1621a, 201

of Sumerian-Akkadian works, 201, 202

Talbot’s methods of, 195–96, 197, 201, 202, 204–7, 210, 214, 236–37, 272

Talbot’s notebooks on, 9, 10, 195–98, 196, 227

Talbot’s sources for, 204, 206, 207, 225

Delitzsch, Friedrich (1850–1922), Assyrische Lesestücke, 204, 204, 272

Dering, Sir Edward (1598–1644), 29

Dickens, Charles (1812–1870), 162, 269

Dillwyn, Lewis Weston (1778–1855), 47, 53, 276

discovery, as creative process, 148

Downing, Charles Toogood (1811–1873), 135–36, 137

dragons, 193, 209, 213

drawing, importance of, 122–23

drawing mistress, Nature as, 119, 122–24, 126, 137, 163, 184, 275

Dryburgh Abbey, Scotland, 102, 105

Duchâtel, Charles-Marie Tanneguy, comte (1803–1867), 136

“Dudley Stuart, Lady” (Lady Christina Dudley Coutts-Stuart, née Bonaparte; 1798–1847), 99

Dumas, Jean-Baptiste-André (1800–1884), 123

Dupin, Charles (1784–1873), 72

East India Company, 136

Edgcumbe, Caroline [née Feilding] (1808–1881), 99

Edinburgh

Edinburgh University, 179

Rampling’s Waterloo Hotel, 102, 104

Royal Society, 84, 85–86, 89, 120

Scott Monument, in, 112

Talbot family in, 179–80

Talbot in, 100, 102, 105, 179

Edinburgh Literary Journal, 101

Egypt; Egyptology, 5, 197, 202, 213

Elamite cuneiform, 194, 195

electricity, velocity of, 254, 257, 260

electromagnetic engineering, 281, 283

Ellen’s Isle, Scotland, 106

elliptic integrals, 78, 78, 79, 80, 82, 89

Ellis, Robert Leslie (1817–1859), 83, 275

Encyclopaedia Metropolitana, 129

Enüma Eliš (Babylonian epic of creation), 203

Epstein, Edward, 173

equations, cubic and quintic, 85

equilateral hyperbola, 80, 81

Esarhaddon, king of Assyria (r. 680–669 BCE), 195

etchant, 174

etymology, 196, 206, 207–9, 214, 272, 274

Euclid (b. ca. 300 BCE), 45, 70, 72, 85, 89

Euclid’s fifth postulate, 85

Euler, Leonhard (1707–1783), 79

Evelyn, John (1620–1706), 29

autograph manuscript of, 30

Evelyn family of Wotton, Surrey, 29

Fagnano, Count Giulio Carlo de’ Toschi di (1682–1766), 79–80, 85

Faraday, Michael (1791–1867), 34, 76, 123–24

and “drawing mistress” metaphor, 123, 126

experiments of, 15–16, 260, 262

“Friday Evening Discourses” of, 249, 249, 252, 264

“Notes on Lectures,” 124

on optical illusions, 250, 251, 255, 260, 261

and Royal Institution, 15–16, 123, 245, 247, 248–50, 260, 262, 278

Feilding, Caroline [Edgcumbe] (1808–1881), 99

Feilding, Horatia (1810–1851), 99

Feilding, Lady Elisabeth, née Strangways [Talbot’s mother] (1773–1846), 34, 43, 44, 70, 95, 99, 100–101

Fellows, Charles (1799–1860), 222

Fenton, Roger (1819–1869), 212, 221, 225, 228, 229–30, 231, 234, 237, 239

Cuneiform Tablet, 235, 236

The Mineral Gallery, British Museum, 233

Skeleton of Man and of the Male Gorilla (Troglodytes Gorilla), 231, 232

The Third Graeco-Roman Saloon on Artists’ Day at the British Museum, 233

View of a Bust of Aty, 234

Fermat’s Last Theorem, 84

Fermat’s Little Theorem, 84

ferric chloride, 174

Fisch, Menachem, 147

Fizeau, Armand-Hippolyte-Louis (1819–1896), Hotel de Ville de Paris (detail), 162, 163

Foucault, Michel (1926–1984), The Order of Things, 145

Fourier, Joseph (1768–1830), 72

“Fox Talbot Memorial Fund, The,” 181–82

Fresnel, Augustin (1788–1827), 129

Furniss, Tom, 106

Fyne Court, Somerset, 275–76

Galashiels, Scotland, 102

Garden of Eden, 203

Gardner, George (1812–1849), Musci Britannici, 47, 51, 56, 57

Gaucheraud, Hippolyte, 119

Gautier, Alfred (1793–1881), 72

Gazette de France, 119

gelatin, 168, 169, 173–74, 180

genius, 149, 151–52, 282

gentlemen of science, 14, 17, 33, 34, 53, 84, 237, 238, 270, 275, 281, 282, 284

Georgian society, 98

Gergonne, Joseph-Diez (1771–1859), 79

Annales de mathématiques purés et appliquées (Annales de Gergonne), 67–68, 74–76, 79

Gerini, Christian, 74

Gernsheim, Helmut and Alison, 246

Gesenius, Wilhelm (1786–1842), 207

Gibbon, Edward (1737–1794), Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 274

Gladstone, William (1809–1898), 213

Glasgow, Scotland, 105

Goodenough, Samuel, bishop of Carlisle (1743–1827), 78–79

Greek language, 206

Grote, George (1794–1871), 198

Grove, William Robert (1811–1896), 262, 272, 282–83

Hale, John, 108

half-stereo plates, 176

halftone dot, 169, 172, 184

Hamilton, William Rowan (1805–1865), 84, 148

Harcourt, Vernon (1789–1871), 282

Hare, Julius Charles (1795–1855), 148, 149

Harrow School, Middlesex, England, 44, 95

Hartwell, Buckinghamshire, 276

Hatfield House, Hertfordshire, 99

Hawkins, Edward (1780–1867), 195, 219, 228

Heath, Vernon (1820–1895), 123

Hebrew language, 196, 206–7, 208, 214

Hedwig, Johann (1730–1799), Species Muscorum Frondosorum, 46, 48

héliographie; heliogravure, 162

Henneman, Nicolaas (1813–1898), 164–65

Photographic Copy of José Roldán after Murillo, 164, 165

Herschel, John Frederick William (1792–1871), 34, 35, 151, 252, 269

and Analytic Society, 70, 71

and Antarctic survey, 280

and British Museum, 226

law of continuity, 146, 152

“Light,” 129

and mathematics, 76, 79, 84, 89

and photography, 14, 123, 129, 136, 137, 164, 225–26, 278

Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, 136–37, 144–47, 152, 273

Specimen 9, 130, 137

and war of methods, 272–73

Herschel, William (1738–1822), 121, 129

hieroglyph, 10

Higman, John (b. 1792), 72–73

Hincks, Edward (1792–1866), 196–98, 199

Hirst, Thomas (1830–1892), 43

Historical Manuscripts Commission, 29

historicism, 274

Hobson, Edward (1782–1830), 55

Hogg, James, “the Ettrick Shepherd” (1770–1835), 97

Homer, 97

Hooker, Joseph (1817–1911), 60–61, 280

Hooker, William Jackson (1785–1865), 279, 280

and Talbot’s photographs, 59–60, 61, 272

and Taylor, Muscologia Britannica, 47, 49, 50, 54–56, 56, 57

Hopetoun House, Scotland, 100

Humboldt, Alexander von (1769–1859), 125, 280

Hume, David (1711–1776), 146

Hunt, Robert (1807–1887), 272–73, 284

Illustrated London News, 97

India, Hooker’s expedition to, 280

intaglio, 163, 169

International Exhibition (1862), London, 176, 178

Ionian Islands, 108, 271

Iraqi Aramaic, 206

Ivory, James (1765–1842), 83

Jedburgh, Scotland, 102, 105

Jerdan, William (1782–1869), 119, 123, 124, 130, 135, 270

John, king of England (1167–1216), 31

Jonah (prophet), 194

Joubert, Ferdinand (1810–1884), 181

Journal of Sacred Literature and Biblical Record, 195

Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 198, 206

Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804), 146, 151–52

Katrine, Loch, Scotland, 102, 105, 106, 107–9, 107, 108, 110

Kelso, Scotland, 105

Kepler, Johannes (1571–1630), 149

King Assurbanipal’s Library (Kouyunjik Collection), 195, 199, 201, 204, 225, 239

Kingston House, Dorset, 56

Kirchhoff, Gustav (1824–1887), 277, 278

Klein, Ursula, 137

Klíč, Karl (1841–1926), 161

Kouyunjik Collection (King Assurbanipal’s Library), 195, 199, 201, 204, 225, 239

Kraus, Hans P., Jr., photographic veil illustrated by, 169, 170

Lacock, Wiltshire, England, Church of St. Cyriac, 182

Lacock Abbey, Wiltshire, England, 27

architectural photographs of, 135

and country house tradition, 28, 35

Fox Talbot Museum of Photography, 25

garden at, 57, 62

heritage of, 25–28

Lacock Magna Carta (1225), 31, 32

Lacock Pageant, 26

Lilliputian photograph of, 42

as religious house, 29, 31

as site of preservation, 29–33

Talbot family archive in, 29, 35. 274

Talbot family estate, 7, 20, 28, 29, 31, 273, 274, 275–76

Talbot’s photographic work at, 163–64, 179, 271, 284

Lacroix, Sylvestre (1765–1843), 71, 72

Lagrange, Joseph Louis (1736–1813), 72

La Motte-Fouqué, Baron Friedrich de, 100

Laplace, marquis de [Pierre-Simon de Laplace] (1749–1827), 72

Latour, Bruno, 60

Lawrence, Christopher, 152

Layard, Austen Henry (1817–1894), 16, 195, 199, 209, 225

Lee, John (1783–1866), 276

Legendre, Adrien-Marie (1752–1833), 79, 82, 85

Leitwissenschaften (core sciences), 120

Lerebours, Noël-Marie-Paymal (1807–1873), 162

Leyden jar, 245, 259

Library of Congress, Washington, DC, 31

Lilliputian photography, 41, 42

Linnaeus, Carolus, 55

Lister, Anne (1791–1840), 43

Literary Gazette, 119, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 130, 135, 136, 262, 270, 271

lithography, 162, 163, 219, 235

Llewelyn, John Dillwyn (1810–1882), 276

Lockhart, John Gibson (1794–1854), 98

London

Adelaide Gallery of Practical Science, 252, 281

Athenaeum, 252

Crystal Palace, Great Exhibition (1851), 226, 283

Science Museum, 26, 182

Talbot in, 15, 250, 252

Victoria and Albert Museum, 182

Lubbock, John (1803–1865), 82

lunar photography, 227–28

Lycia, 222

Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800–1859), 101, 149, 150, 274

magic, 144–45, 248, 276

magic lantern shows, 248

Magna Carta, 31, 32

Maimon, Vered, 11, 101, 143, 273, 276, 279

Malfatti, Gianfrancesco (1731–1807), 85

Malfatti’s Problem, 85, 89

Marduk (Bel; Assyrian god), 203, 209, 210

Marey, Étienne-Jules (1830–1904), 246

Martin, Benjamin (d. 1782), 275

Mathematical Tripos, 6, 68, 70–71, 74, 85

mathematics

in Cambridge, 67–73, 272

curriculum changes in, 70–71, 88–89

number theory, 84–86

origins of, 45

Talbot’s interest in, 6, 67–94, 271–72

Talbot’s notebooks on, 7

Talbot’s publications in, 67–68, 74–83, 275

training of the mind in, 70

Mathews, George Ballard (1861–1922), 87–88

Maxwell, William Stirling, 165

McCormick, Robert (1800–1890), 280

Mechanics Magazine, 281

Melrose Abbey, Scotland, 102, 105

Mesopotamia, 16, 194

method wars, 272–74, 276, 277–78, 281–82

Michael, Saint, 209

microscopy; microphotography, 41–42, 60, 133, 134, 278

Middle East

cuneiform script of, see cuneiform

map, 194

Mill, John Stuart (1806–1873), 45–46, 62

Millburn Tower, Scotland, 179

Milman, Henry Hart (1791–1868), 198

mirrors, revolving, 250, 252, 253–54, 253, 254

Monge, Gaspard (1746–1818), 72

Montagu House gateway, demolition of, 241, 241

mosses, 46–53

classification of, 42, 46–47, 55–56, 59, 62

Dicranum scoparium, 46, 47

Hypnum, 46, 47, 50, 51

Phascum, 55, 56, 57, 62

Pterogonium smithii, 56, 58

sharing information about, 54–57

Talbot’s collection of, 46–53, 47, 52, 57, 62, 214, 272

Mundy, Constance (Talbot’s wife; 1811–1880), 99–100, 102, 105, 125

Murphy, Robert (bap. 1807, d. 1843), 84

Murray, John (1808–1892), 95

muscology, see mosses

Muybridge, Eadward (1830–1904), Gallop, Bay Horse Daisy, 246, 246

National Gallery of Practical Science, 252

National Trust, 25, 26

natural philosophy, 13, 89, 136–37, 260, 281

end of, 143–44

and magic, 276

transition to science, 14, 145–46, 152

and war of methods, 272–74, 276, 277–78, 281–82

Nature

and chemical processes, 125–26, 137

as drawing mistress, 119, 122–24, 126, 137, 163, 184, 275

and human nature, 152–53, 156

and imagination, 153–54

as life force, 153, 156

Natura naturans, 124–26

Neptune, discovery of, 281

Nesbitt, Alexander, 183

Newcastle, England, 102

Newton, Isaac (1642–1727), 70, 71, 72, 89, 149, 151, 152

Niebuhr, Barthold (1776–1831), 149, 273, 274

Niépce, Joseph Nicéphore (1765–1833), 162, 174

Nimrud, Assyria, 210, 211, 228

Nineveh, Assyria, 193–94, 195, 199, 202, 225, 237

Ninurta (warrior god), 209–10, 211

nitric acid, 174

Norris, Edwin (1795–1872), 195–98, 206, 212

number theory, 84–86

Old Persian script, 194

Old Testament, 195

and biblical archaeology, 212–14

Daniel, 209

Genesis, 5, 193, 202

Hebrew language of, 206–7

Oppert, Julius (1825–1905), 198

optical illusions, 247, 248–52, 251, 253–57, 260–61, 264, 276, 281

optics, Talbot’s interest in, 6, 9, 28, 76, 89

Ottoman Empire, 194

Owen, Richard (1804–1892), 231

Oxford University, 67

Queen’s College, 10, 230, 231

Panizzi, Antonio (1797–1879), 219

Paris, Académie de Sciences, 119, 120

Paris Observatory, 76

Parliament, 28, 34, 250, 254, 281

patent claims, 167, 180, 281, 282–83, 284

Patent Office, 283

Peacock, George (1792–1858), 70–71, 72, 76, 81, 82

Peirce, Benjamin (1809–1880), 87

“Pencil of Nature,” coining of term, 270, 274–75

Penrice Castle, Wales, 44, 46, 53, 56

Percij, Giovanni, 72

Persia, 194

Petit de Billier, Amélina “Amandier” (1798–1876), 101

phantasmagoria, 248

phenakistoscope, 248, 250, 252

philology, 16

Philosophical Magazine, 254, 255, 256

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (PTRS), 68, 76, 78, 79, 84

photogenic drawings, 41, 42, 119, 120, 122, 127–28, 130, 144, 150, 179, 270, 271, 276, 280, 282, 284

photoglyphic engraving, 10, 61, 166, 173–76, 175, 177, 179, 180–82, 181, 183, 184, 240

photographic engraving, 167–69, 171, 176, 178

Photographic News, 175

photographic screens, 173

photographic veil, 169, 170, 171, 172–73, 172, 174

photography

and art, 10–11, 14, 17, 226

and British Museum, 16, 219–30, 220, 221, 223, 231–32, 235, 237, 239–41

camera-made vs. camera-less, 59, 126, 129, 152, 155–56, 173, 178, 261

chemical processes in, 125–26, 127, 129, 134, 135–37, 144, 145, 152, 161–62, 164, 168, 228, 269, 275, 277

decontextualization of, 230–34

early uses of, 9–10

early writings on, 119–20, 126–29, 137, 143

fading prints, 164–66

as field research tool, 6, 9, 16, 17, 35, 219, 228–29, 238, 279

folding images, 152–56, 154, 155

functions of, 9–11, 35, 60, 120, 123, 137, 237–38

information content in, 11

instantaneous, 9, 245–47, 257, 261–64

invention/discovery of, 14, 35, 41, 42, 62, 119–20, 137, 144–45, 161, 179, 182, 222, 239, 245, 247, 271, 275, 277, 278, 282

Lilliputian, 41, 42

literature on, 162

lunar, 227–28

as “materialized epistemology,” 8

and microscopy, 41–42, 60, 133, 134, 278

of moving objects, 245–47, 246, 262–63, 269

and notebooks, 9–10, 20

objectivism of, 59, 145, 232, 234

optics in, 41, 128, 134

patent access, 226–27

as “pencil of nature,” 126–29, 153

and printing processes, 163, 166

as reproducible proxy, 228, 231

as scientific tool, 221–22, 225, 228

and showmanship, 14, 247, 248, 263

significance of, 156

silver-based prints, 161, 163–66, 167, 277

and social class, 14

spark photography, 9, 245–47, 259, 262–63, 279

Talbot’s interest in, 3, 4, 8–9, 42, 124–26, 125, 221, 260–64

photogravure, 28, 161–62, 163, 167–69, 170, 171, 173, 176, 177, 179–80, 184, 221, 240, 240, 274

photomechanical processes, 162

photometer, 250, 252, 253, 255, 257

photomicrography, 130, 133, 134, 134

Photo-sculpsit, 170, 176–82

planographic processes, 163

platinic chloride, 168

Ponton, Mungo (1801–1880), 168

potassium bichromate, 168, 173

Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804), 149

printing processes, 163, 166, 167, 173

Process Photogram, 181

Proust, Marcel (1871–1922), 108

Quetelet, Adolphe (1796–1874), 75

Ramalingam, Chitra, 1, 245, 276, 284

Ramsay, Sir James, 96

Rassam, Hormuzd (1826–1910), 195, 199

Rawlinson, Henry Creswicke (1810–1895), 196–98, 199, 235–37

Rayleigh, third Baron (John William Strutt; 1842–1919), 33

Reading, England, photographic production facility in, 164, 166

Reform Act (1832), 250, 281

Regency society, 98, 248

Reid, Thomas (1710–1796), 146, 147

relief printing, 163

resist, 167, 174

Revelation, book of, 209

Ridgway, James, 101

Ritter, Johann Wilhelm (1776–1810), 129

Robertson, Rev. James, 106

Robson, Eleanor, 193, 271, 272, 278, 280

Romanticism, 146, 148–49, 150, 151–52, 155, 274

Ross, James Clark (1800–1862), 280

Rosse, third Earl of (William Parsons; 1800–1867), 33, 226–28

Royal Artillery Institute, Woolwich, 260

Royal Asiatic Society, 195, 196, 197, 198, 273, 278–79

Royal Astronomical Society, 67

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 279, 280

Royal Institution, 284

Davy’s lectures in, 152

Faraday’s work in, 15–16, 247, 248–50, 261, 278

Library, 16

and photography, 119, 122, 124, 130, 135, 245, 247, 262

public performance and display in, 16, 247, 248–52, 249, 252, 256

Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 123

Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, 176, 177

Royal Society (London), 29, 270, 283

and Antarctic survey, 280

and natural science, 6

and photography, 119, 120, 123, 135, 225–26

Royal Medal, 76, 83–84, 283

Talbot as fellow of, 6, 16, 76, 79, 84, 271, 273

Talbot’s papers presented to, 255, 271

Talbot’s publications with, 76–83, 84, 87, 89, 123

Royal Society of Edinburgh, 84, 85–86, 89, 120

Salisbury, Marquess and Marchioness, 99

Salisbury, third Countess of (Ela Longespée; ca. 1190–1261), 25, 26, 31

Salisbury, third Earl of (William Longespée; ca. 1167–1226), 31

salts of silver, 161, 163, 164

Sandby, Paul (1731–1809), 123

Schaaf, Larry, 1, 4, 161, 273, 274, 279, 283

Schaffer, Simon, 269

“Scientific Discoveries and the End of Natural Philosophy,” 143–44, 145, 151

Scheele, Carl Wilhelm (1742–1786), 129

Schindler, Valentin (d. 1604), 207

sciagraphic process, 276

science

and art, 12–13, 136–37

country house, 33–34

deductive, 274, 275

empirical, 62, 136

experimental, 247

gentlemen of, 14, 17, 33, 34, 53, 84, 158n15, 237, 238, 270, 275, 281, 282, 284

imagination in, 151–52, 153

inductive method of, 42, 62, 144, 145, 147, 150, 273, 275

information shared in, 11, 52–53, 54–57, 281

lecture courses on, 271

Leitwissenschaften (core sciences), 120

observational, 42

photography’s use in, 221–22, 227, 228, 279

as process, 8

professionalism of, 33

public institutions of, 33

as public spectacle, 264

role of the mind in, 35

state-sponsored, 280

Talbot’s philosophy of, 34–35

scientific naturalism, 14

scientific photography, 228, 246

defined, 222

scientist, coining of term, 13

Scotland, 95–115

Romantic, 106

Talbot family members’ moves to, 176, 179

Talbot’s travels in, 102–6, 103

Scott, Sir Walter (1771–1832), 18, 19, 95–101, 106, 276

The Abbot, 98, 100

Anne of Geierstein, 99

The Antiquary, 98

The Bride of Lammermoor, 98, 99

The Fortunes of Nigel, 98

Guy Mannering, 98

The Heart of Midlothian, 98

Ivanhoe, 98, 99

Kenilworth, 99

The Lady of the Lake, 95, 97–98, 106, 108, 109–10

The Lay of the Last Minstrel, 98

Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft, 276

Marmion, 98

The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, 101

Peveril of the Peak, 99

Quentin Durward, 98, 99

Redgauntlet, 98

Rob Roy, 98

Scott Monument, Edinburgh, in, 112

tomb at Dryburgh Abbey, 102, 105

Waverley, 98, 99

the Waverley Novels, 98–100, 274

Woodstock, 98, 99

Secord, Anne, 41, 271, 272, 276, 279

Sedgwick, Adam (1785–1873), 269

Selkirk, Scotland, 102

Senebier, Jean (1742–1809), Mémoires physico-chymiques, 126

Sennacherib, king of Assyria (r. 704–681 BCE), 195, 196

Shakespeare, William (1564–1616), 95–96, 97

Sharington, Sir William (1495–1553), 31

Shibden Hall, Halifax, 43

silver, tarnishing of, 163–66

Sinclair, Sir John (1754–1835), 106

Smith, George (1840–1876), 199, 202, 272

“On Some Fragments of the Chaldean Account of the Creation,” 205, 205, 209, 211

Smith, Graham, 95, 274, 276

Smith, James Edward (1759–1828), Flora Britannica, 55

Smyth, Charles Piazzi (1819–1900), 176, 177

Society of Biblical Archaeology, 202, 204, 213–14, 281

membership of, 213

sodium thiosulfate (hypo), 164

Somerville, Mary (1780–1872), 260

spark illumination, 9, 245–47, 259, 262–63, 279

spectrochemistry, 277–78

spinning wheels, 250, 255, 257, 260, 261, 263, 264

Stengers, Isabelle, 129

stereoscope, 248

Stirling, Scotland, 102

Strangways, William Fox (1795–1865), 56, 60

strobe lighting, 257, 258, 261, 276, 280

Stuart, Prince Charles Edward (1720–1788), 105

Student’s Journal, The, 43–44, 43

Students of Antiquity, 29

Sumerian-Akkadian writing, 202

Swing riots, 281

Sylvester, James Joseph (1814–1897), 89

Talbot, Charles Henry [son] (1842–1916), 31, 85, 162, 174, 179, 180–82

Talbot, Constance Mundy [wife] (1811–1880), 99–100, 102, 105, 125

Talbot, Jane [cousin] (1796–1874), 46, 56

Talbot, Sir John, 31

Talbot, Mary (Lady Mary Lucy Cole) (1776–1855), 44, 45

Talbot, Matilda [granddaughter] (1871–1958), 25, 26, 31

Talbot, Olive Sharington, 31

Talbot, Rosamond Constance [daughter] (1837–1906), 179

Talbot, William Henry Fox (1800–1877):

archival collections of, 4, 5, 8, 9–10, 12, 20, 25, 33, 162, 272

correspondence of, 4, 11, 27, 33, 44, 53, 95, 96

death of, 179

and decipherment, see cuneiform; decipherment

interests of, 3–6, 9–10, 27–28, 33, 44, 76, 87, 89, 263, 271–73, 276–80, 281, 284

knowledge production methods of, 11

as member of Parliament, 28, 34, 250, 254, 279, 281

and “original idea,” 150–52

philosophy of science, 34–35

and photogravure, 161–62, 167

social position of, 15, 16, 17, 34, 53, 84, 213, 270

on spectrum analysis, 278

and visual experiments, 252, 253–57, 260–64

Talbot, William Henry Fox, images by An Oriel Window at Lacock Abbey, 135

Assyrian Cuneiform Writing, 240, 240

Astrantia Major, 130, 131

Avignon, 182

The Barberini Ivory, 181, 183, 184

“Botanical Specimen–Bryonia Dioca,” 130, 131

Branch of Leaves of Mercuriàlis pérennis, 155–56, 155

A Cascade of Spruce Needles, 154–55, 154

Church of St. Maurice at Vienne in France, 182

Copy of a joker and cat, 130, 132

Copy of a Label for Hyposulfite of Soda, 164, 166

Entrance Gateway, Queens College, Oxford, 10, 230, 231

Folded Piece of Muslin, 169, 171

The Haystack, 1, 2, 11

The Ladder, 11, 12

Loch Katrine, 108–9, 109, 110

The Open Door, 1, 2, 11, 153

Patroclus, 1, 3, 17, 19

photogenic drawings, 4, 16, 119, 120, 122, 127–28, 130, 132, 150

photomicrography, 130, 133, 134, 134

Portal at St. Trophimus, Aries, 182

Sir Walter Scott’s Monument, Edinburgh, in, 112

Source of the Arveyron from beneath a Glacier near Chamouni, 181

Sun Pictures in Scotland, 19, 59, 95, 101, 105–6, 111, 274

The Tuileries, 175, 175

see also photography

Talbot, William Henry Fox, notebooks of, 4, 6, 6, 7–9, 17, 227

on Assyriology, 5, 7, 9, 195–96, 196, 204–10, 206, 227, 272

on botany, 44, 58

exercise books, 7, 7, 67, 68, 69

on mathematics (Notebooks D through M), 79, 80, 82, 120, 121

“Memoranda,” 17, 18

Notebook B, 76, 77, 254

Notebook N, 78, 78

Notebook P, 26, 27

Notebook Q, 26, 27

Notebook S.1, 5, 5

Notebook T, 7, 8

on optical illusions, 253, 254

on photography, 26, 167, 221

purposes of, 9

Talbot, William Henry Fox, writings of:

The Antiquity of the Book of Genesis, 5, 193

“A Brief Historical Sketch of the Invention of the Art,” 143, 150

English Etymology, 270, 273

“Essay towards a General Solution of Numerical Equations,” 85–86, 86

“Experiments on Light,” 255, 256

“The Fight Between Bel and the Dragon, and the Flaming Sword,” 202–3, 208

Hermes, or Classical and Antiquarian Researches, 5

Legendary Tales, in Verse and Prose, 100–101, 276

“On Fagnani’s [sic] Theorem,” 85

The Pencil of Nature, 10, 11, 19, 59, 105, 120, 143, 150, 153, 154, 161, 164–66, 181, 226, 230, 271

“Proposed method of transferring Photography to Steel Engraving,” 167

“Some Account of the Art of Photogenic Drawing,” 120, 143

“The Theory of Parallels,” 85

Talbot-Klíc process, 161

Talbot’s curve, 75

Talbotypes, 102, 222

Taylor, Thomas (1786–1848), 47, 55

Taylor series (calculus), 70

Tenerife, Canary Islands, 176, 177

Thirlwall, Newell Connop (1797–1875), 149

Thompson, Stephen (act. 1862–1870s), 204

Thomson, John (1837–1921), 161

Tiamat (primordial, chaotic female sea), 203, 209, 210

Tiglath-pileser I, king of Assyria (r. 1114-ca. 1076 BCE), 237

Tigris River, Mesopotamia, 193–94

Tissandier, Gaston (1843–1899), 179, 180, 182

Tomlinson, Charles, 252

Tortolini, Barnaba (1808–1874), 75

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 68, 84–87, 89, 120

Transactions of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, 202, 208

Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (1813–1875), 207

Trossachs, The, Scotland, 106–11

Turkey, 222

Turner, Dawson, 53

Turner, Joseph Mallord William (1775–1851), 106

Loch Achray, 107

Loch Katrine, 108

Victorian era

Assyriology of, 199

information shared in, 11, 271

intellectual life in, 7–8, 12, 270–72, 277

knowledge systems of, 12–13, 14–17, 35, 143, 284

mathematics in, 6

photography and microscopy in, 41–42

public entertainment in, 248, 261, 263–64

science in, 143, 145, 151, 156, 237, 269, 275, 280

social class in, 14–15, 16, 17, 270

war of methods in, 272–74, 276, 277–78

vision

instantaneous, 257–60

modernization of, 248

visual persistence, 9, 247, 248–52, 253–57, 259, 260–61, 264

Walton Hall, Yorkshire, 275

Washington, Library of Congress, 31

water, composition of, 281, 282

Waterton, Charles (1782–1865), 275

Watt, James (1736–1819), 282

Wedgwood, Thomas (1771–1805), 126, 130, 152, 153, 276

Wheatstone, Charles (1802–1875), 17, 247, 248–50, 252, 254, 269

and optical experiments, 257–60, 264, 276, 279

and spinning disks, 250, 255, 261, 263, 264

Whewell, William (1794–1866), 34, 35, 76, 83, 84, 150, 151–52, 278

Bridgewater Treatise, 273

and decipherment event, 198, 273

Elementary Treatise on Mechanics, 71, 72

History and Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences, 144, 147–49, 273, 275

A Treatise on Dynamics, 71, 72

and war of methods, 272

Whig party, 44, 250, 269, 279, 281

Wilder, Kelley, 221

Wilkinson, Sir Gardiner (1797–1875), 198

Wilson, Horace Hayman (1786–1860), 198

Wilson’s Theorem, 84

Wiltshire and Swindon Archives, Chippenham, 29, 31

Wolf, Herta, 119, 275, 280, 282

Woodhouse, Robert (1773–1827), 70, 71, 72

Wordsworth, Dorothy (1771–1855), 106

Wordsworth, William (1770–1850), 106, 149

World War II, 31

Worsley, Thomas (1797–1885), 273

Wren, Christopher (1632–1723), 123

Wright, John Martin Frederick, 72, 74

Solutions of the Cambridge Problems, 73

Yeo, Richard, 147

York, England, 102

Young, Thomas (1773–1829), 129

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