Index

Artist from the Circle of the Master of Charles V, Mary Rides Forth to Confront Accident, from Olivier de la Marche, Le chevalier délibére, 100, 102

Associates of the Master of Antoine Rolin, Skeleton with arrow and black mirror, from the Office of the Dead in a Book of Hours (pl. 10), 21, 24

Audelay, John the Blind, 233

Aufsess, Hans von, 223

Augustus (elector), 217

Bailly, Chicart, 31, 68, 107–16

Base for a Statuette (attributed) (pl. 48), 68, 115

Memento mori (attributed) (pl. 46), 68–70, 115, 219, 235

Pendant to a Rosary or Chaplet (attributed), 56, 57–58, 57, 61

Pendant to a Rosary or Chaplet (attributed), 56, 57–58, 57

Pendant to a Rosary or Chaplet (attributed) (pl. 36), 57–58, 61–62

Rosary Terminal Bead with Lovers and Death’s Head (attributed) (pl. 34), 55–56, 59, 61–62

Statuette in an openwork box (attributed), 114, 115

Statuette in an openwork box (attributed) (pl. 40), 45, 60–62, 62 (detail), 64–65, 65 (detail), 68–71, 71 (detail), 106 (detail), 116. See also Circle of Chicart Bailly

Bailly, Martin, 109

Bakhtin, Mikhail, 239

Balbi, Girolamo, 45

Baldung Grien, Hans, Witches, 31, 32, 33

Balfour, James, 216

Baltimore, Maryland, The Walters Art Museum

Book of Hours (use of Rome) (W.431) (pl. 10), 24

Associates of the Master of Antoine Rolin, Skeleton with arrow and black mirror, from the Office of the Dead: Vespers in a Book of Hours (use of Rome) (W.431), (pl. 10), 24

Circle of Master of Walters W. 281, Burial Service, from a Book of Hours (W.262), 19

Circle of Willem Vrelent, Burial Service, from the Office of the Dead in a Book of Hours (W.197) (pl. 3), 19–20

Comb with Secular Scenes (71.266) (pl. 24), 109–10

Fontana, Lavinia, Portrait of Gerolamo Mercuriale (37.1106) (pl. 45), 67

Leinberger, Hans (attributed), Figure of Death (Memento Mori) (61.97) (pl. 13), 34, 39, 58, 60

Pendant from a Rosary or Chaplet with Christ, the Virgin and Death (71.326) (pl. 25), 50

Pendant with a Monk and Death (71.461) (pl. 30), 52, 115

Beham, Barthel: Dead Child with Four Skulls (pl. 38), 58–59, 66

Study of Three Skulls, 66–67, 66

Beham, Hans Sebald: Adam and Eve with a Skeleton (pl. 50), 69

Young Woman Accompanied by Death (pl. 52), 69

Bening, Simon, Imhof Prayerbook, 64

Bergman, Ingmar, Det sjunde inseglet (The Seventh Seal), 239

Berlin, Germany, Skulpturensammlung und Museum für Byzantinische Kunst, Staatliche Museen

Bailly, Chicart (attributed), Memento mori (8554) (pl. 46), 68–70, 115, 219, 23

Pommel (fragment) or rosary bead, 4 faces (chaplet) (3097), 53, 55

Bernal, Ralph, 217, 219

Boethius, De consolation philosophiae, 91–93, 92

Bohn, H. G., 221

bones, 19–20, 28, 31, 35, 39–40, 58, 62, 64, 66–67, 70, 76n58, 107–8, 111, 116, 218

books: images of, in association with death, 86–94

intercessory role of, 94–101

Books of Hours, 86, 88, 95, 108, 117n5

Boston, Massachusetts, Museum of Fine Arts

Beham, Hans Sebald: Adam and Eve with a Skeleton (23.960) (pl. 50), 69

Young Woman Accompanied by Death (97.1206.122) (pl. 52), 69

Burgkmair, Hans, the Elder, Death of the Lovers (2016.531) (pl. 39), 59

Circle of Chicart Bailly (attributed), Young Lovers with Death (57.589) (pl. 35), 56–57

Dürer, Albrecht: Four Naked Women (The Four Witches) (64.2182) (pl. 53), 69

Young Couple Threatened by Death (The Promenade) (97.1208), 53, 55

Gijsbrechts, Cornelius Norbertus, Vanitas Still Life (58.357) (pl. 57), 73

Holbein, Hans, the Younger; Dance of Death: The Nun (13.6059.7) (pl. 7), 22, 48, 59, 70

Dance of Death: The Ploughman (40.76), 59, 60

Lützelburger, Hans (block cutter), 22, 60

Dance of Death: The Nun (pl. 7)

Vostre, Simon (publisher): Heures, a lusaige de Rome (Book of Hours, use of Rome) (31.1404) (pl. 2); Master of Anne of Brittany (illustrator), Garden of Love, from Heures, a lusaige de Rome (31.1404), 110, 111 (detail); Pigouchet, Philippe (printer), Heures, a lusaige de Rome (Book of Hours, use of Rome) (31.1404) (pl. 2)

Boucquillon, B. M. Frank

Death Personified, miniature from a Book of Hours, 82 (detail), 88, 89–90

Boy, Michel, 223

Brant, Sebastian, Stultifera Navis (Ship of Fools), 68–69

Braunschweig, Dukes of, 214

Brett, J. W., 221

Brunswick, Maine, Bowdoin College Museum of Art

Dürer, Albrecht: The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) (2009.2) (pl. 14), 34;

St. Jerome in His Study (2011.69.156) (pl. 15), 37, 38, 48

Holbein, Hans, the Younger, Erasmus of Rotterdam with a Terminus (1984.50.3) (pl. 21), 46

Hollar, Wenceslaus, Death and the Nun (from the Series: The Dance of Death, after Hans Holbein the Younger) (2009.16.440) (pl. 61), 74

Leyden, Lucas van: Young Man with a Skull (2009.16.525) (pl. 9), 23, 47, 228 (detail)

Master S (Alexander van Brugsal?) (attributed), Memento Mori (2012.3) (pl. 20), 44

Memento Mori Prayer Bead (2011.26) (pl. 55), 71

Wierix, Johan, after Albrecht Dürer, The Coat of Arms of Death (1972.17) (pl. 51), 69

Brunswick, Maine, George J. Mitchell Department of Special Collections, Bowdoin College

Book of Hours (Ms. Bowdoin Family) (Bowd BX2080.B69 1425 vlt) (pl. 4), 20

Brussels, Belgium, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique

Book of Hours (Ms. 10768), 90–91, 91

Buglioni, Santi, 31

Burckhardt, Jean-Henry, 215

Burgkmair, Hans, the Elder, Death of the Lovers (pl. 39), 59

burial practices, 16, 19–20, 26, 44, 90, 236, 239

Calceolari, Francesco, 217

Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard Art Museums/Busch-Reisinger Museum

School of Conrad Meit, Vanitas (BR68.2) (pl. 47), 68, 181 (detail)

Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard Art Museums/Fogg Museum

Cleve, Joos van, Saint Jerome in His Study (1961.26) (pl. 17), 37–38

Cambridge, Massachusetts, Houghton Library

Cratander, Andreas (printer), Galen’s Opera Omnia (Typ 565.38.415 v.3) (pl. 43), 67

Marchant, Guy (printer), Kale[n]drier des Bergiers [Inc. 7985.5 (31.2)] (pl. 42), 48, 65

Master of the Houghton Miniatures, Cemetery, from the Office of the Dead in the “Emerson White Hours” (MS Typ 443.1) (pl. 5), 20

Camporesi, Piero, 237

Canneti, Pietro, 216

Carmichael, Lord, 222

carpe diem (seize the day), 45–46

Cathedral of Saint Paul, London, 240

Cemetery of the Innocents, Paris, 19, 20, 20–21, 27–28, 39, 118n26, 239–40

Chaffers, William, 217

chaplets, 17–18. See also paternoster beads; prayer beads; rosary

Charles the Bold, 96, 98

Charlottesville, Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Library, University of Virginia

Kerver, Thielman (Publisher), Hore diue v[ir]gis Marie scd[u]m veru[m] vsum Romanu[m] (Gordon 1511.C38), 113–114, 113

Pigouchet, Philippe (publisher), [Horae Beatae Mariae Virginia, cum Kalendario] Ces presentes heures a lusaige de Romme (Typ 1502/C374), 112 (detail), 114–15 (details)

Chastellain, Georges, Mirror of Death, 22–24, 25, 26

Chaucer, Geoffrey, 229–33, 239, 240

Chauliac, Guy de, 70

Checker, Chubby, 241–42

Chiara of Montefalco, Sister, 237

Christus, Petrus, Portrait of a Carthusian, 64

Cimabue, 64

Circle of Chicart Bailly (attributed), Young Lovers with Death (pl. 35), 56–57

Circle of Master of Walters W. 281, Burial Service, from a Book of Hours, 19

Circle of Willem Vrelent, Burial Service, from the Office of the Dead in a Book of Hours (pl. 3), 19–20

Cleve, Joos van, Saint Jerome in His Study (pl. 17), 37–38

Cleveland, Ohio, The Cleveland Museum of Art

Heemskerck, Maerten van, Portrait of Machtelt Suijs (1987.136), 11, 18, 18

Cologne, Germany, Museum Schnütgen

Bailly, Chicart (attributed), Statuette in an openwork box (B 160) (pl. 40), 45, 60–62, 62 (detail), 64–65, 65 (detail), 68–71, 71 (detail), 106 (detail), 116

Chaplet bead (B 161), 51, 52, 53, 54.

Rosary Bead (B 164) (pl. 29), 51–52

Colombe, Jean (attributed), Boethius and Philosophy, from De consolation philosophiae, 91–93, 92

Couteau, Gillet, 118n26

Cratander, Andreas (printer), Galen’s Opera Omnia (pl. 43)

Crofton Croker, Thomas, 218

Crystal, David, 231

Dance of death, 18–22, 59, 60, 75n15, 98, 1012, 104n15, 104n39, 113, 114, 200, 206, 209, 232, 240–41, 245n58. See also Danse macabre

Danse macabre (Dance of Death), 18–22, 59, 98, 118n26, 129, 239–43. See also dance of death

Debruge-Duménil, Louis Fidel, 218–19

De Grandisson, John, 219

Detroit, Michigan, Detroit Institute of Arts

Bailly, Chicart (attributed), Pendant to a Rosary or Chaplet (1990.315) (pl. 36), 57–58, 61–62

Dimpfels family, 211

Disney, Walt, Skeleton Dance, 241

Dryander, Johannes, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (pl. 19), 6 (detail), 40

Dryden, John, 230

Dunbar, William, 243–44

Dürer, Albrecht, 33, 37–38, 40

The Fall of Man (Adam and Eve) (pl. 14), 34

Four Naked Women (The Four Witches) (pl. 53), 69

Melencolia I, 48

Portrait of Saint Jerome, 36, 37

St. Jerome in His Study (pl. 15), 37, 38, 48

Young Couple Threatened by Death (The Promenade), 53, 55

Durette, Baron, 223–24

Dutuit, Auguste, 219

embalming, 237

English language, 230–31

Erasmus, Desiderius, 14, 16, 36–38, 45–47

Everyman (drama), 233–34

Exeter book, 230

Farrer, H., 219

fear of death, 14–16

Figdor, Albert, 221

Filarete (Antonio Averlino), 64

Fontana, Lavinia, Portrait of Gerolamo Mercuriale (pl. 45), 67

Franks, A. W., 221

Frederick II, 34

Galen, 70

Opera omnia, (pl. 43) 67

Gijsbrechts, Cornelius Norbertus, Vanitas Still Life (pl. 57), 73

Giotto, 64

Gossart, Jan, Antonio Siciliano and Saint Anthony. Right panel from the Doria Pamphilj Diptych, 29, 30, 30 (detail), 33

Gotz, Nicholas (publisher), Ars moriendi (pl. 8)

Gower, John, 231

Graf, Urs, 31

guild rules, 31, 108–109, 117n7, 117n8

Hamburg, Germany, Hamburger Kunsthalle Hinz, Johann Georg, Cabinet in a Kunstkammer, 72, 72, 210–11

Harding, George R., 217

Harrich, Christoph, 219

Heemskerck, Maerten van, Portrait of Machtelt Suijs, 18, 18, 112

Henryson, Robert, 237–38

Henry VIII (king of England), 237, 240

Hercules at the Crossroads (The Dream of Hercules) (classical tale), 68–69

Hinz, Johann Georg: Cabinet in a Kunstkammer, 72, 72, 210–11

Kunstkammerregal mit Pistolen, 211

Hoccleve, Thomas, 231

Holbein, Hans, the Younger, 59–60

Dance of Death: The Nun (pl. 7), 22, 48, 59, 70

Dance of Death: The Ploughman, 59, 60

Erasmus of Rotterdam with a Terminus (pl. 21), 46

Images of Death, 18, 22, 48, 59, 70, 74

Hollar, Wenceslaus, Death and the Nun (from the Series: The Dance of Death, after Hans Holbein the Younger) (pl. 61), 74

hourglass, 27, 40, 58, 73, 216

Hours of Mary of Burgundy, 18, 83–85, 84

Hours of the Passion, 83–85

Huizinga, Johan, 231, 239–40

Humanism, 22, 36–37, 40, 44, 47–48, 59, 69, 77n80

Imperato, Ferrante, Dell’historia natvrale di Ferrante Imperato napoletano libri XXVIII, 216

Isabella (empress of Portugal), 57

ivory, 35, 49, 107–9, 118n30

Jackson, Michael, Thriller, 241

James I (king of England), 221

Jerome, Saint, 36–37

Jesus College, Cambridge, 215

Joanna of Castile, 29–30

Judgment Day, 14–15, 95

Kalm, Per, 217

Kennedy, Walter, 243–44

Kerver, Thielman (printer), 113–114, 118n26

Kleiner, Salomon, Christophori De Pauli pharmacopoei camera materealium ad vivum delineate, 211, 212–13

Kunstkammer, Munich, 213–14, 222. See also Munich: Kunstkammer

Kunstkammers, 35–38, 71, 210–14, 221

La Marche, Olivier de, Le Chevalier délibéré, 100, 101–2

Langland, William, 231

Last Judgment. See Judgment Day

Le Fèvre, Jean, 231

Legrand, Jacques, Le Livre des bonnes meurs, 97–99

Leinberger, Hans (attributed), Figure of Death (Memento Mori) (pl. 13), 34, 39, 58, 60

Lemere, Henry Bedford, 222

Leyden, Lucas van: St. Jerome, 37, 37

St. Jerome (pl. 16), 37

Young Man with a Skull (pl. 9), 23, 47, 228 (detail)

libraries, 215–16

Lisbon, Portugal, Museu Nacional de Arte Antiga

Dürer, Albrecht, Portrait of Saint Jerome, 36, 37

lizard, 213, 227n83. See also vermin

Londesborough, Lord, 221

London, UK, British Library

Colombe, Jean (attributed), Boethius and Philosophy, from De consolatione philosophiae (Harley MS 4335), 91–93, 92

Master of the David, Opening of the Speculum Conscientie (Mirror of Conscience), from the Hours of Joanne of Castile (Additional MS 18852), 31 (detail)

London, UK, British Museum

Memento mori (1852,0327.5) (pl. 56), 72

Memento mori [SLAntiq.804 (Dalton 441)], 214, 216

Memento mori beads in Catalogue of the ivory carvings of the Christian era, 216

A memento mori broadsheet with wishes for the New Year (1895,0122.28) (pl. 54), 69, 189 (detail)

Mr Bradbury’s bead on loan to Manchester, in G. Scharf’s Historic Notes on the Sculpture in the Manchester Exhibition of 1857, 218, 219

Vuolf, J. C., Watch case / skull watch (1874,0718.41) (pl. 60), 7

Wechtlin, Hans, Skull Within an Ornamental Frame (1834,0804.38) (pl. 37), 58

London, UK, Victoria & Albert Museum

Bead from a chaplet or rosary, Herod and Salome with the Head of John the Baptist on a Dish (2150–1855) (pl. 27), 50–51

Brooch (M.66–1975) (pl. 41), 62. Chaplet (281–1867) (pl. 1), 13–14, 14 (details), 15 (details), 50, 112–15

Comb: Garden of Love (A.567–1910), 110, 110

Pendant, memento mori from a chaplet (2149–1855) (pl. 12), 26–27, 52–54

Ring with revolving circular bezel and inscription “Nosse Te Ipsum” (M.18–1929) (pl. 58), 73

Roundel: Time Banishing Melancholy (C.1380–1924) (pl. 23), 47

Scent case (M.804: 1, 2–1926) (pl. 59), 73

Toothpick (M.32–1960), 73–74, 74

London, UK, Wellcome Library

Dryander, Johannes, Anatomiae, hoc est corporis humani disectionis pars prior … (1869/B) (pl. 19), 6 (detail), 40

Oporinus, Johannes (publisher): Dryander, Johannes, Anatomiae, hoc est corporis humani disectionis pars prior … (1869/B) (pl. 19)

Vesalius, Andreas, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (6560/D) (pl. 18), 39–40, 67

Worm, Ole, Museum Wormianum (frontispiece) (66306/D), 208 (detail), 212, 220, 221 (detail)

London, UK, The Wernher Collection, Ranger’s House

Memento Mori: Young woman and cadaver “Ecce Finem” [88259077 (EE118)], 52, 54

Los Angeles, California, The Getty Research Institute

Kleiner, Salomon, Christophori De Pauli pharmacopoei camera materealium ad vivum delineate (861133), 211, 212–13

Los Angeles, California, J. Paul Getty Museum

Beham, Barthel, Study of Three Skulls (89.GA.24), 66–67, 66

Marmion, Simon, Les Visions du chevalier Tondal (Ms. 30), 96–97

The Torment of Unchaste Monks and Nuns, from Les Visions du chevalier Tondal (Ms. 30), 95

Master of the Chronique scandaleuse, Denise Poncher Before a Vision of Death, from the Poncher Hours (Ms. 109), 4 (detail), 87, 88–89

Master of James IV of Scotland, Deathbed Scene; Funeral Service from the Spinola Hours (Ms. Ludwig IX 18), 94, 95–96

Luther, Martin, 48

Lützelburger, Hans (block cutter), 22, 60

Dance of Death: The Nun (pl. 7)

Lydgate, John, 231, 240–43

macabre (term), 231–32

Maccabaeus, 231

Madrid, Spain, Museo Nacional del Prado

Reymerswaele, Marinus van, St. Jerome (P02653), 37, 38, 67

Mâle, Émile, 241

Malory, Thomas, Le Morte d’Arthur, 236–37

Marchant, Guy (publisher and printer): Danse macabre (pl. 6), 18, 21–22, 42–44, 59, 65–66, 118n26

Miroir salutaire, 24–26, 24

Shepherd’s Calendar (pl. 42), 48, 65–66

Margaret of Austria, 33–35, 71

Margaret of York, 96

Marmion, Simon, The Torment of Unchaste Monks and Nuns, from Les Visions du chevalier Tondal, 95

Marnef, Geoffroy de (printer), Voluptuosity and Virtue, from Sebastian Brant’s Stultifera Navis (Ship of Fools) (pl. 49)

Marseille, France, Bibliothèques de Marseille

Speculum Humanae Salvationis (MS 89), 99–101, 99 (detail)

Martial, 44

Marvell, Andrew, 243

Mary of Burgundy, 83–85, 101–2

Maskell, William, 217–19

Masson, André, 215

Massys, Jan, 37

Massys, Quentin, 37

Master of Anthony of Burgundy, Death Striking Down the Living, from the Livre de bonnes moeurs, 97, 98–99

Master of Frankfurt, The Painter and his wife, 63, 64

Master of James IV of Scotland, Deathbed Scene; Funeral Service from the Spinola Hours, 94, 95–96

Master of the Chronique scandaleuse, Denise Poncher Before a Vision of Death, from the Poncher Hours, 4 (detail), 87, 88–89

Master of the David Scenes, Opening of the Speculum Conscientie (Mirror of Conscience) (detail), from the Hours of Joanne of Castile, 31

Master of the Houghton Miniatures, Cemetery, from the Office of the Dead in the “Emerson White Hours” (pl. 5), 20

Master of the Very Small Hours of Anne of Brittany, 110, 111, 117n16, 118n26

Master S (Alexander van Brugsal?) (attributed), Memento Mori (pl. 20), 44

Maximianus, 232–33

Maximilian (Holy Roman Emperor), 102

Mayer van den Bergh, Fritz, 223

Meit, Conrad, 79n170. See also School of Conrad Meit

memento mori, 26–36, 40, 58–59, 66–67, 71–74, 209–24

Ménard, Jean, 118n26

Mercuriale, Girolamo, 67

mirror, as metaphor, 21–26

More, Thomas, 240

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 220

mummification, 237

Munich, Duke of, 213–14

Munich: Kunstkammer, 213–14, 222. See also Kunstkammer, Munich

New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art

Bailly, Chicart (attributed): Base for a Statuette (55.168) (pl. 48), 68, 115

Rosary Terminal Bead with Lovers and Death’s Head (17.190.305) (pl. 34), 55–56, 59, 61–62

Beham, Barthel, Dead Child with Four Skulls (32.65.16) (pl. 38), 58–59, 66

Chaplet (17.190.306) (pl. 26), 2 (detail), 50 (details), 51–52

Leyden, Lucas van, St. Jerome (2012.136.468) (pl. 16), 37

Portrait of a Surgeon (30.95.287) (pl. 44), 67

Rosary Bead (30.95.127) (pl. 28), 18, 50

Rosary Terminal Bead with the Virgin and Child, Saint Barbara, and Saint Catherine (14.25.1250) (pl. 32), 53–54

Office of the Dead, 19–20, 86, 88, 98

Oporinus, Johannes (publisher): Dryander, Johannes, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (pl. 19); Vesalius, Andreas, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (pl. 18)

Original Sin, 15, 34, 69

Oxford, UK, Ashmolean Museum and Archaeology

Leyden, Lucas van, St. Jerome (WA1953.119), 37, 37

Vischer, Peter, the Younger, Inkstand with an allegory (WA1899.CDEF.B1086) (pl. 22), 47

Paris, 107–16, 117n5

Paris, France, Bibliothèque nationale de France

Chastellain, George, Miroir de mort (Mirror of Death) (MS français 1816), 22–24, 25, 26

Marchant, Guy (publisher and printer): Danse macabre (pl. 6), 18, 21–22, 42–44, 59, 65–66, 118n26

Miroir salutaire, 24–26, 24

Shepherd’s Calendar (pl. 42), 48, 65–66

Master of Anthony of Burgundy, Death Striking Down the Living, from the Livre de bonnes moeurs (MS Smith-Lesouëf 73), 97 (detail), 98–99

Paris, France, Musée du Louvre

Baldung Grien, Hans, Witches (RF 1083-recto), 31, 32, 33

paternoster beads, 33, 209–24. See also prayer beads; rosary

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, The Philadelphia Museum of Art

Memento Mori Pendant, probably from a rosary (2007-133-1) (pl. 33), 54, 115, 236

Pichore, Jean, 118n26

Pigouchet, Philippe (printer): Heures, a lusaige de Rome (Book of Hours, use of Rome) (pl. 2); [Horae Beatae Mariae Virginia, cum Kalendario] Ces presentes heures a lusaige de Romme, 112 (detail), 114–15 (details)

Pirckheimer, Willibald, 40

Pius II (pope), 98

plague, 15

poetry, 229–44

pomanders, 73

Poncher, Denise, 88–89

Pourtalès-Gorgier, James-Alexandre de, 219

prayer beads, 17–18, 29, 31, 33, 111–12. See also paternoster beads; rosary

Protestant Reformation, 48

Purgatory, 16, 85–86, 90, 103n12, 231, 234, 244n18

Rémoville, Marquis de, 222

Remp, Domenico, 210

Renoir, Jean, La Règle du jeu (The Rules of the Game), 241

Reymerswaele, Marinus van, St. Jerome, 37, 38, 67

Rome, Italy, Galleria Doria Pamphilj

Gossart, Jan, and Simon Bening(?) (attributed), Antonio Siciliano and Saint Anthony. Right panel from the Doria Pamphilj Diptych, 29, 30, 30 (detail), 33

Ronsard, Pierre de, 46

rosary, 17, 48. See also paternoster beads; prayer beads

San Marino, California, The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens

Book of Hours, use of Rome (HM 1165) (pl. 11), 24

Scharf, George, 219

School of Conrad Meit, Vanitas (pl. 47), 68, 181 (detail)

Scrope, baron of Bolton, 210

scythe, 43, 47, 89

Seymour, Jane (queen of England), 237

Shakespeare, William, 46, 238

Skelton, John, 231, 238–39

skulls, 14, 20, 21–33, 35, 37, 39–40, 47–48, 52, 54, 58–59, 62, 64–67, 69, 73–74, 89, 114, 210–16, 218–24, 237–39

Sloane, Hans, 216–17, 224

Sohm, Philip, 48

Spinola Hours, 42, 95–96, 94

Stow, John, 240–41

Stultifera Navis (Ship of Fools), 68–69, 80n174, 183

Stuttgart, Germany, Landesmuseum Württemberg

Ivory pendant from a rosary or chaplet with four faces (KK braun-blau 15) (pl. 31), 52, 54, 213

Memento mori in Landesmuseum Württemberg, 212, 213

Suijs, Machtelt, 18, 112

tailleurs d’ymages (carvers of images), 108–9, 117n7, 117n8

“The Three Living and the Three Dead” (tale), 24, 209, 238

Toronto, Canada, Art Gallery of Ontario

Bailly, Chicart (attributed), Pendant to a Rosary or Chaplet (29272), 56, 57–58, 57, 61

Rosary Pendant: Death Mask and Skull (107444), 213

Rosary Pendant: Youth, Age and Death (29277), 49, 50

Towneley play, 235–36

Trechsel, Melchior and Gaspard, 22, 48

ubi sunt tradition, 27–28

Varro, 38

Vauzells, Jean de, 22

vermin, 23, 27, 44, 54–56, 62, 64–65, 68, 71

Vesalius, Andreas, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (pl. 18), 39–40, 67

Vienna, Austria, Kunsthistorisches Museum

Rosary (GS D 5), 210

Vienna, Austria, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek

Vienna Master of Mary of Burgundy, Christ Nailed to the Cross from the Hours of Mary of Burgundy (Cod. 1857), 83–85, 84

Vienna Master of Mary of Burgundy, Christ Nailed to the Cross from the Hours of Mary of Burgundy, 83–85, 84

Villon, François, 27–28

Virgil, 40

Vischer, Peter, the Younger, Inkstand with an allegory (pl. 22), 47

Vostre, Simon (publisher), 109

Heures, a lusaige de Rome (Book of Hours, use of Rome) (pl. 2)

Vuolf, J. C., Watch case / skull watch (pl. 60), 73

Walters, Henry, 223

Warren, Jeremy, 217

Washington, D.C., Library of Congress

Gotz, Nicholas (publisher), Ars moriendi (no. 49038880) (pl. 8)

Webb, John, 220

Wechtlin, Hans, Skull Within an Ornamental Frame (pl. 37), 58

Wellesley, Massachusetts, Margaret Clapp Library

Marnef, Geoffroy de (printer), Voluptuosity and Virtue, from Sebastian Brant’s Stultifera Navis (Ship of Fools) (*81W-4) (pl. 49), 68

Wernher, Julius, 221–22

Wierix, Johan, after Albrecht Dürer, The Coat of Arms of Death (pl. 51), 69

Williamson, Paul, 75n15, 222

Wordsworth, William, 229

worm, 14, 43, 54–55, 62, 89, 213, 215–16, 219, 233, 235–36, 238, 242–43. See also vermin

Worm, Ole, Museum Wormianum, 208 (detail), 212, 220, 221 (detail)

Württemberg, Dukes of, 213

Ypres, Jean d’, 110

Zeuxis, 64

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