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Index
John Davis, Michael Leja
Description: Art of the United States, 1750–2000: Primary Sources
Art of the United States, 1750–2000: Primary Sources
Index
Author
John Davis, Michael Leja
PublisherTerra Foundation for American Art
Copyright© 2020, Terra Foundation for American Art
Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-20039
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Index
Abbott, Berenice, 348, 379–82
abolitionism, 91, 142
abortion, 402
Absolon, John: View in the East Nave, 60
abstract expressionism, 283, 349–50, 358, 369–70, 373–74, 376–77, 385, 392, 416–19, 422, 428
Ace Gallery, 444
Achenbach, Andreas, 102–3
Adams, Abigail, 40
Adams, John, 15, 23–24, 40–42, 45, 108
Adams, John Quincy, 47–49, 61, 89
advertising industry, 297
billboards, 256, 303
aestheticism, 228
affirmative action, 400, 403
affluent society, 352
Africa, 400, 460
African Americans, 67, 109, 124, 223, 295, 315–23, 353, 438, 440–42, 464–65, 486, 498–501
affirmative action, 400, 403
black musical culture, identity of in, 315
civil rights movement, 353, 461
collectives of, 440–41
depictions of, 111, 118, 147, 223, 404, 469–72
discrimination against, 161
as forgotten, 321
Great Migration, 296–97, 305
voting rights, 400, 402
AfriCOBRA (African Commune of Bad
Relevant Artists), 441–42
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT-UP), 491
AIDS crisis, 453, 460–61, 491–94
AIDS Memorial Quilt, 460
Alaska, 504, 511
Alcatraz Island, 401–2
allegory: and realism, 63
All in the Family (television series), 401
Alexander, John White, 188, 275
Alexander, Peter, 448
Allston, Washington, 63, 93–94
Belshazzar’s Feast, 69, 92
American Academy of Fine Arts, 23–24, 49–50
American art: European influence on, 163–67
American Art Association, 186
American Artists’ Congress, 298
American Artists’ Society, 189
American Art-Union, 60, 62–63, 100–102, 120–21
American art, impact on, 98
statement of purpose, 98–99
American Family Association, 462
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 212
American Renaissance, 213, 278
American Revolution, 22, 28, 31, 40, 44, 47, 65
as “noblest series of actions,” 45
American scene, 76–81, 211, 296, 330, 332
American Society of Independent
Artists, 288
Amistad (ship), 89–90
Anderson, Sherwood, 307–8
anti-art, 256
anti-form art, 429
Anti-Imperialist League, 212
antiwar movement, 463
Apollo Association, 98
Arapaho, 162
Arensberg, Louise, 286, 309
Arensberg, Walter, 286, 309
Arizona, 109, 511
Armistead, Wilson, 91
Armory Show, 252, 255, 260–61, 272, 274–76, 282, 314, 330, 333
opposition to, 278
nationalism v. cosmopolitanism, 280–81
Armstrong, Neil, 400
Arnold, Charles D., People Looking Southwest from Manufactures Building, 210
Artaud, Antonin, 425, 433
Arthur, T. S., 82
“American Characteristics,” 84–85
Art of This Century gallery, 348
Artists’ Committee of Action, 299, 336
Artists’ Strike against Racism, Sexism, Repression, and War, 398
Artists’ Union, 298, 333, 336–37
Art Institute of Chicago, 163
Arts and Crafts movement, 252
Art Students League, 213, 272, 278
Art and Technology (exhibition), 449
Art Workers’ Coalition (AWC): as open association, 436
purpose of, 436
“Statement of Demands,” 437–38
Ashcan school, 255–56, 283, 296, 333, 382
Asia, 400, 460
Asian Americans, 401–2
Association of American Painters and Sculptors, 281
Atget, Eugène, 379
Atlanta (Georgia), 511
Atlantic Charter, 361
atomic bomb, 350–51
Audubon, John James, 55
Birds of America, 20, 30, 56
Golden Eagle, 20
Auschwitz, 350
automatic age, 253–54
baby boom, 352
Bacher, Otto, 191–94
Baltimore (Maryland), 94
Baltimore and Ohio railroad, 24
Banneker, Benjamin, 471
Barnum, P. T., 281
Barr, Alfred, 392
Barrell, Charles Wisner, 265
Barthes, Roland, 453
basketmaking, 252
Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 483–85
Notary, 468
Bastien-Lepage, Jules, 167, 173
battle of Antietam, 108, 145–46
battle of Bunker Hill, 28
battle of Gettysburg, 145–46
battle of the Little Bighorn, 162
battle of Saratoga, 23
battle of Yorktown, 23, 45
Baziotes, William, 393–94
Bearden, Romare, 319–21, 440
Street, The, 404
Beats, 352–53, 401, 486
Beck, Sherman, 443n3
Beaux-Arts, 210
Beaux, Cecilia, 213, 243–44
Dreamer, The, 242
Sita and Sarita, 221
Beckwith, J. Carroll, 202, 240
Bel Geddes, Norman: Futurama installation, 339
streamlining, popularizing of, 339–41 530
Belgium, 201
Bell, Alexander Graham, 162
Bell, Larry, 448
Bellows, George, 315
Belvedere Torso, 118
Bengston, Billy Al, 448
Benjamin, Walter, 453
Benson, Mary, 252
Benton, Maecenas Eason, 331
Benton, Thomas Hart, 108, 296, 299, 329, 333, 363–64
American scene, 331
Arts of Life in America, The, 332
Cotton Town, 330
Davis, feud with, 334
Midwest, 301
on Time cover, 330
Berghaus, Albert, 108
Berkeley (California), 494
Berlin (Germany), 256
Berlin Wall, 463
Berry, Chuck, 353
Bhabha, Homi, 497
Bierstadt, Albert, 109, 151
Rocky Mountains, The, 119, 148–50
Bingham, George Caleb, 102
Black Arts movement, 441
Blackfoot, 85–86
Black Mountain College, 388
Black Panther (newspaper), 398, 438
Black Panther Party, 398, 400
purpose of, 438
Black Power movement, 400, 438, 463
Blashfield, Edwin, 203, 240
Blind Man, The (magazine), 263
Bloom, Allan: Closing of the American Mind, The, 463
Boker, Johann Gottfried, 101–3
Bolshevik Revolution, 255
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 69, 471
Bontecou, Lee, 446
boosterism, 111
bootlegging, 298
Boston (Massachusetts), 22, 26, 34–35, 92, 94, 98, 234, 274
Boston Art Club, 177
Boston Massacre, 22
Boston tea party, 22
Bourgeois, Louise, 378–79
Blind Leading the Blind, The, 357
Bouguereau, William-Adolphe, 243
Bourke-White, Margaret, 341
Bowman, John, 398
Brady, Mathew, 108, 146–47
Brancusi, Constantin: Mlle Pogany/, 252, 276
Brando, Marlon, 353
Brandt, Bill, 385
Braque, Georges, 276
Brauntuch, Troy, 453, 455
Brecht, Bertolt, 421, 433
Breton, André, 393–94
Bridgman, George, 189
Brooks, James, 393
Brooks, Preston, 110
Brooks, Van Wyck: “On Creating a Usable Past,” 255–56
Brown v. Board of Education, 353
Brown, Earl, 386
Brownell, William C., 182–84, 188, 190–91
Brown, G. L., 130–31
Brown, Henry Kirke, 147
Bruce, R. G., 34–36, 38–39
Bryan, William Jennings, 212
Bryant, William Cullen, 114, 132
Buchanan, Patrick, 463
Buchenwald, 350
Burchfield, Charles, 312, 314–15
Burne-Jones, Edward, 269
Burnham, Daniel, 211
Burroughs, William S.: Naked Lunch, 353
Burton Holmes, Elias, 269
Bush, George H. W., 462–63
busing, 400
Buskirk, Martha, 498–500
Cabanel, Alexandre, 279
Cage, John, 386–87
4'33", 388
on Rauschenberg, 388–90
Cahill, Holger, 323
California, 64, 328, 401, 511
pop art, 447
California Institute of the Arts: Feminist Art Program, 444–45
Womanhouse project, 445
Call for an Artists’ Congress, 337
Camera Notes (journal), 246, 259
Camera Work (journal), 271
Campbell’s Soup Company, 405
Canada, 172, 504
Capa, Robert, 341
capitalism, 14, 162, 200, 254, 256, 298, 351, 373, 417, 453, 463, 465, 473
and Reaganomics, 461
revolution against, 438
Cardon, Paul Francois Arnold: Whistler Standing in His Paris [rue Notre-Dame-des-Champs] Studio, 210
Carnegie, Andrew, 162
Carson, Rachel: Silent Spring, 403
Carson, William, 35
Carter, Jimmy, 403
Cassatt, Mary, 160, 240
French impressionists, association with, 236–37
In the Loge, 220
Modern Woman, 213, 237
Castro, Fidel, 400–401
Catlin, George: Indian Gallery, 68
“Letters and Notes,” 60, 86–89
Native American tribes, documenting of, 63–64, 68, 85
White Cloud, Head Chief of the Iowa, 68
Cenci, Beatrice, 134
censorship, 481, 493
Centennial Exhibition, 163–64, 168, 179, 201, 240
Century of Progress, 331
Cézanne, Paul, 283–84, 289, 415
Chanel, Coco, 379
Chaplin, Charlie, 256
Chardin, Jean-Baptiste-Siméon, 321
Charles, Ray, 353
Charleston (South Carolina), 23, 111
Chase, William Merritt, 185, 189–90, 202, 213–14, 231, 309
Hide and Seek, 217
impressionism of, 230
Chavez, Cesar, 401
Cherokee, 63
Chicago, Judy, 444, 446
Dinner Party, The, 398, 445
Chicago (Illinois), 211, 216, 238, 274, 384, 440–41, 447, 508, 511
Bronzeville, 297
race riots, 295
rebuilding of, 161–62
strikes in, 163
Child, Lydia Maria, 133–34
Chile, 481
China, 162, 402
Chinese Exclusion Act, 162
chromolithographs, 112, 150, 152–53
popularity of, 151
Chrysler, 339–40
Church, Frederic, 108, 150, 172, 178, 202
Heart of the Andes, The, 108–9, 116, 136–42, 149
Niagara, 149
Turner, as heir to, 137
Churchill, Winston, 361
Church of the Messiah, 81
Cincinnati (Ohio), 94, 98
Cincinnati Contemporary Arts, 489
Cinque (slavery leader), 89–90
Civil Rights Act (1875), 161
Civil Rights Act (1964), 400
civil rights movement, 353, 400
Civil War, 111–12, 118–19, 161, 321, 326, 472, 507
photography during, 145–46, 380
Civil Works Administration, 324
Clark, Mark, 442
Clark, William J. Jr., 85, 179–80
Clay, Henry, 471
Clayton Antitrust Act (1914), 255
Clean Air Act, 403
Clemens, Samuel. See Twain, Mark
Clements, Geoffrey, 460
Clinton, Bill, 464–65
Clinton, Hillary, 464
Coalition of Black Revolutionary
Artists (COBRA), 441–42
Cold War, 15, 400, 463, 465
Cole, Thomas, 53–55, 110, 114, 124, 126
“Essay on American Scenery,” 63, 66, 76–81
View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm—The Oxbow, 66
Cologne (Germany), 256, 274
colonialism, 460
Colonial Revival, 164
Columbus, Christopher, 65, 460, 494
comic strips, 256, 358, 416
Compromise of 1850, 507
Comstock, Anthony, 213
concentration camps, 350
conceptual art, 286, 375, 408, 410, 434–36, 450, 473, 475, 481, 486
Coney Island, 252
Confederacy, 111
Constable, John, 126
Constitutional Convention: three-fifths rule, 23
Constructivism, 426
consumerism, 297, 401, 405
Cook, Clarence, 149–51, 181, 185, 187–89, 224
Coolidge, Calvin, 296, 315
Cooper Union, 183
Cooper Union School of Design for Women, 133
Copley, John Singleton, 14, 23, 35–41
Boy with a Flying Squirrel (Henry Pelham), 26, 34
Young Lady with a Bird and Dog, 34
Corcoran Gallery of Art, 463, 488–89
Cornell, Joseph, 455
Cornell, Katherine, 308
Cornwallis, Lord, 45
Corot, Jean-Baptiste-Camille, 279
Cortissoz, Royal, 296
counterculture, 401–3
Courbet, Gustave, 169
Courtois, Gustave-Claude-Etienne, 243
Cowley, Malcolm, 255
Cox, Helen Finney, 226–27
Cox, Kenyon, 213–14, 230, 240–41, 278–80
nude paintings of, 226–28
Venice, 216
Cox, Louise Howland King, 213, 240–42
Craven, Thomas, 298–99
Crawford, Thomas, 155
Washington statue, 128–32
Crayon (magazine), 124
Crimp, Douglas, 453–55
Crisis (journal), 320
Crystal Palace Exhibition, 60, 70
Cuba, 212, 400–401
cubism, 255, 261, 266, 278–79, 282, 286–87, 303, 330, 335, 375, 378, 415
Cullercoats (England), 171
culture wars, 462, 489
Currier, J. Frank, 188, 191
Curry, John Steuart, 342
Cushman, Charlotte, 133
Custer, George Armstrong, 162
Dachau, 350
dada, 330
in New York, 256, 263, 286, 309, 417
Dagnan-Bouveret, Pascal, 243
Daguerre, Louis-Jacques-Mandé, 81, 83
daguerreotype, 62, 67, 81, 83–85, 144, 381
Dana, Richard Henry Jr., 92–93
Dante, 389
Daumier, Honoré, 320
Davies, Arthur B., 330
D’Avignon, Francis: Distribution of the American Art Union Prizes at the Tabernacle, 60
Davis, Stuart, 296, 330, 336
Benton, feud with, 334
jazz, influence on, 333, 335
Mural for Studio B, 334–35
swing, influence on, 333
Swing Landscape, 303
Dean, James, 353
Debs, Eugene, 212
DeFeo, Jay, 353
Degas, Edgar, 217, 237
De Kay, Charles, 231–33
de Kooning, Elaine, 367
de Kooning, Willem, 375, 386, 393–94, 428
Democratic Party, 110–11, 255
Democratic Vistas (Whitman), 161
Dengler, Francis, 202
Descartes, René, 427
Design Laboratory, 325, 327
Detroit (Michigan), 384
Dewey, John, School and Society, The, 253
Dewey, Orville, 96–97
de Zayas, Marius, 271
Dickinson, Emily, 109
Dielman, F., 202
Diez, Wilhelm, 169, 188
Dine, Jim, 411, 487
Dislocations (exhibition), 470
Dodge, William de Leftwich, 240
Dolph, John, 185
Donaldson, Jeff, 441–43, 443n1
Dondero, George, 15, 352
Donne, John, 393
Douglas, Aaron, 319
Aspects of Negro Life: Song of the Towers, 305, 320
“Negro in American Culture, The,” 320–23
Douglas, Emory, 398, 440
on revolutionary art, 438–39
Douglas, Stephen, 110–11
Douglass, Frederick, 471
portrait of, 67
self-fashioning of, 67
“Tribute for the Negro, A,” 91
Dove, Arthur G., 283
Dow, Arthur Wesley, 262
Dreier, Katherine, 310
Du Bois, W. E. B., 297, 320
Duchamp, Marcel, 388, 390, 485, 498
Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even, The, 286
Fountain, 263
Nude Descending a Staircase, 281, 286
readymades, 263, 287–88
Dunlap, William, 49
arts, championing of, 50–53
Durand, Asher B., 20, 110
Declaration of Independence by Trumbull, 20
Kindred Spirits, 114
“Letters on Landscape Painting,” 124–28
Durand, John, 124
Dürer, Albrecht, 189
Düsseldorf Gallery, 63, 101–2
Düsseldorf School, 101, 103, 189
Dust Bowl, 327
Duveneck, Frank, 177, 185, 189, 191, 202
Turkish Page, 169, 188, 190
Eakins, Benjamin, 178–79
Eakins, Thomas, 163, 178, 179, 180, 181–82, 189, 194, 244, 326, 532
Portrait of Dr. Samuel D. Gross, 168, 179, 181
Earle, Lawrence, 240
Earth Day, 403
earthworks, 429. See also land art
East Germany, 463
Easy Rider (film), 401
Eaton, Charles Warren, 189
Ebony (magazine), 441
École des Beaux-Arts, 163, 167–68, 173, 178, 213
Edgerton, Jim, 361
Edison, Thomas, 162
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 349, 351, 401
Eisenstadt, Alfred, 341
Elisofon, Eliot, 348
Eliot, George, 269
Emancipation Proclamation, 111, 118, 147
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 109, 124
Emmet, Lydia Field, 240
Endangered Species Act, 403
England, 21, 39, 70, 94, 109, 116, 137, 163, 187, 192, 381. See also Great Britain
Enlightenment, 27
entertainment industry, 297
entropy, 443
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 403
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), 402, 462
Erie Canal, 24
etching revival, 170
eugenics, 212
Euler, Leonhard, 340
Europe, 26, 34–35, 37, 39, 43–44, 46–47, 63, 68, 76, 79–80, 128, 195, 201, 203–4, 211, 215, 217, 225, 255–56, 259–60, 287, 296, 300, 312, 314, 324, 336, 349–50, 381, 386, 392, 394, 417, 426–27
American art, influence on, 163–65
American artists in, as denationalized, 153
fascism, rise of in, 298
grand tour of, 163
Marshall Plan, 351
Evans, Walker, 383–85
Everett, Alexander, 71, 74–76
existentialism, 375, 393
expansionist movement, 64
expressionism, 255
Falwell, Jerry, 462
Farm Security Administration (FSA), 294, 327–28, 383. See also Resettlement Administration (RA)
fascism, 298, 320, 323, 337
fauvism, 255, 286, 375
Federal Art Project, 294
Federal Emergency Relief
Administration, 324
Federalists, 23
Feldman, Morton, 386
feminist art, 379, 398, 437, 444–47, 465
feminist movement, 463
Ferus group, 448
Field, Cyrus, 109
film noir, 304
Fine Art Society, 170
First Artists’ Congress, 333
Fisher, Rudolph, 319
Florida, 21, 511
Flour Riot, 62
Fluxus group, 388
Ford, Gerald, 403
Ford, Henry, 254
formalist painting, 425 49ers, 64
Forum Exhibition, 272, 282
Forum Committee, 283
Four Abstract Classicists (exhibition), 447–48
France, 22–24, 40, 47, 163, 187, 201, 253, 273, 330, 364, 383
Francis, Sam, 352
Frank, Robert, 353, 384–85
Americans, The, 360, 383
Trolley—New Orleans, 360
Franklin, Benjamin, 43
Fraser, James Earle, 470
Free Gallery, 101
French, Daniel Chester, 239
French Revolution, 45
Freud, Sigmund, 455
Friedan, Betty: Feminine Mystique, The, 402
Fried, Michael, 431–34
Fugitive Slave Act, 110
Fuller, Mrs. L. F., 240
Fuller, Margaret, 92–93
Furness, Frank, 181
Fusco, Coco, 460, 495, 497
Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit the West, 494, 496
futurism, 275, 282, 330
Gadsden Purchase, 109
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 352
Galt, John, 31
Gardner, Alexander, 108, 145–46
Gates, F. T., 224–25
Gay Activists Alliance, 402
Gaye, Marvin, 443
gay and lesbian rights movement, 402
Gay Liberation Front, 402
Gay Pride parades, 402
General Motors (GM), 339
generation gap, 401
George III, 22, 31, 61
George, Henry, 162
Georgia, 63, 398
Géricault, Théodore, 179
Germany, 63, 101–2, 200, 253, 273
Gérôme, Jean-Léon, 163, 167, 173–74, 178–79, 190, 279
Gibson, James, 108
Giddings, Joshua, 147
Gifford, Sanford R., 160
Artist Sketching of Mount Desert, Maine, The, 165
Gifford, R. Swain, 202
GI Bill, 352
Gilded Age, 112
indictment of, 161
robber barons, 162
as term, 161
Gilder, Helena De Kay, 231
Gilmor, Robert Jr., 53–55
Ginsberg, Allen: “Howl,” 353, 414
Glackens, William, 283
Glaser, Bruce, 426–28
Gleizes, Albert, 276
Gober, Robert, 491–93
Godkin, Edwin, 151–52
Goldman, Emma, 266
Goldstein, Jack, 453–55
Gómez-Peña, Guillermo, 460, 495, 497
Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit the West, 494, 496
Gompers, Samuel, 212
Goode, Joe, 448
Gottlieb, Adolph, 394
Graduate, The (film), 401
graffiti: and rap, 485
graffiti artists, 483
Grand Canyon, 166, 172
Gran Fury, 491–94
Grant, Ulysses S., 111, 161
Gray, H. P., 175–76
Great Britain, 22–24, 61, 67, 70, 253, 482, 504. See also England, Scotland
Great Chicago Fire, 161, 163
Great Depression, 294–95, 298, 306, 324, 327, 333, 336–37, 350, 475
Great Exhibition, 94–95
Great Migration, 305
Great Railroad Strike, 162
Great Society, 399, 464
Greenberg, Clement, 283, 376, 426, 431, 433
“‘American-Type’ Painting,” 373–75
“Case for Abstract Art, the,” 431
influence of, 373
Greene Gallery, 429
Greenough, Horatio, 63, 93, 110, 155
George Washington, 65, 71–76
Griffith, D. W., 256
Grooms, Red, 411
Gross, Samuel, 168, 179–80
Grosz, George, 320
Groupe de Puteaux, 286
Guam, 212
Guggenheim Museum, 480–81
Guston, Philip, 393
Haacke, Hans, 15, 498
Condensation Cube, 480
on museums, 481–83
Shapolsky et al., Manhattan Real Estate Holdings, a Real Time Social System, 480
Haiti, 485
Hals, Frans, 189, 191, 230, 271
Hamilton, Alexander, 23
Hammons, David, 486–88
Public Enemy, 470
Hampton, Fred, 442
Happenings, 388, 423
and chance, 412
ephemerality of, 411
as moral act, 413
v. theater, 411–12
Harding, Warren G., 295–96
Harmon Foundation, 321
Harnett, Michael, 214
Old Violin, The, 215, 224–25
Hart, James, 102
Harlem Renaissance, 297, 315, 319–20, 322
Harrington, Michael: Other America, The, 399
Hartley, Marsden, 283–84
Warriors, The, 263
Harvey, David, 465
Haseltine, William S., 102
Hassam, Childe, 211, 235–36
Fifth Avenue in Winter, 218
as urban flaneur, 234
Havell, Robert: Iceland or Jer Falcon, 30
Hawaii, 511
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 109, 128–32, 144
Hayden, Ferdinand V., 160, 166, 172
Hayes, Rutherford B., 161
Haymarket incident, 163, 212
Hearst, William Randolph, 333
Henderson, Napoleon, 443n2
Henri, Marjorie, 266
Henri, Robert, 256, 265–66, 271, 282, 309
on national identity, 272–74
Hepworth, Barbara, 446
Herms, George, 353
Hesse, Eva: Contingent, 409
Heywood, “Big Bill,” 254
Hine, Lewis, 255, 267, 269
Adolescent Girl, a Spinner, in a Carolina Cotton Mill, 257, 268
Hines, Earl, 335
hippies, 401
Hiroshima (Japan), 350
Hirsch, E. D.: Cultural Legacy, 463
Ho Chi Minh, 401
Hogarth, William, 321
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 144–47
Homer, Winslow, 164, 174, 176, 197–99, 213–14, 273, 315
in England, 171, 196
West Wind, The, 171
Homestead Act, 109
Hone, Philip, 81–83
Hoover, Herbert, 296, 298, 331
Hopkins, Harry L., 324
Hopper, Edward, 296, 312
on Burchfield, 314–15
on Sloan, 313–14;
Nighthawks, 304
Hosmer, Harriet, 108, 110, 133, 242
on sculpture, 134–36
Zenobia in Chains, 115
Houdon, Jean-Antoine, 71
“Hound Dog” (song), 353
House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 351
Hovenden, Thomas, 202
Howe, Oscar, 382–83
Hudson River school, 76, 110, 114, 124, 165
Hughes, Langston, 315
Humboldt, Alexander von, 116
Hunt, Richard M., 211
Hunt, William Morris, 187, 201, 203
Hylan, John, 315
immigration laws: as restrictive, 296
indigenous peoples: exhibiting of, 496–97
Indigenous Peoples’ Day, 494
Indian Art of the United States (exhibition), 348
Indian Removal Act, 85
industrial design, 339
industrial manufacturing, 350
Industrial Revolution, 109
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 254
Inness, George, 112, 315
Institute of Contemporary Art, 462–63
International Exhibition, 199
International Exhibition of Modern Art. See Armory Show
Iran-Contra scandal, 462
Irving, Washington, 92
Irwin, Robert, 447–50
Isham, Samuel, 238, 240
Israel, 463
Italy, 153–54, 163, 165, 211
futurists in, 300, 309
lure of, 110, 128–29, 132
Ives, A. E., 234–36
Jackson, Andrew, 62, 64, 85, 112, 471
“common man,” as champion of, 61
Native Americans, as enemy of, 63
Jacksonian Era, 61–63, 109, 111
Jackson, William Henry, 172, 381
Castellated Rocks on the Chugwater, S. R. Gifford, Artist, 160
Jacobs, Harriet: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, 502
James, Henry, 164, 174–78, 196
Jameson, Fredric, 465
James, William, 212, 332
Jamestown (Virginia), 21
Jankovitz, Casa, 191
Japan, 349
Japanese Americans: apology to, 350
internment camps, imprisoned in, 350
relocation centers, 350
Jarrell, Jae, 443n1
Jarrell, Wadsworth, 441, 443n1
Jaspers, Karl, 393
jazz, 297, 305, 315–16, 318–19, 333, 335, 353, 412
Jefferson, Thomas, 22–24, 45, 108
Jewish Museum, 408
John Reed Clubs, 294, 298
Johns, Jasper, 426
Flag, 359, 390–92
Johnson, Andrew, 112, 161
Johnson, Eastman, 102, 111, 175–76, 194
Barefoot Boy, 151
Negro Life at the South, 111, 117, 142–44
Johnson, Lyndon B., 399–400, 464
Johnson, Poppy, 398
Jones, Barbara J., 441, 443n1
Jones, H. Bolton, 202
Jones, Kellie, 486–87
Joselyn, Nathaniel, 89 534
Joyce, James, 379
Judd, Donald, 428–29, 432
anti-rationalism of, 427
and minimalism, 425
specific objects, 407, 426
Untitled (Stack), 407
Judson Dance Theater, 429
Judson Memorial Church, 429
Jump, The (film), 454
Kafka, Franz, 495
Kandinsky, Wassily, 296, 348
“Concerning the Spiritual in Art,” 262
Kansas, 110, 507
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 110, 507
Kant, Immanuel, 450
Kappes, Alfred, 202
Kaprow, Allan: action collages, 411–12
on Happenings, 411–13
Kardon, Janet, 489–91
Kauffman, Craig, 448
Keiley, Joseph T., 271
Kellogg, Miner K., 94
Kelly, Ellsworth, 352
Kennedy, John F., 400–401
assassination of, 399
Kennedy, Robert F., 402
Kennecott Copper Corporation, 481
Kent, Rockwell, 315
Kerouac, Jack, 360, 383
On the Road, 353
Khrushchev, Nikita, 401
Kierkegaard, Soren, 393
Kiesler, Frederick, 348
King, Martin Luther Jr., 353, 400
assassination of, 402
King, Rodney, 464
Kline, Franz, 386
Knight, D. Ridgway, 202
Knights of Labor, 162, 212
Koehler, Sylvester, 164, 200, 201–5
Korean War, 111, 351
Kristeva, Julia, 453
Kurtz Gallery, 185
Labrador, 30
labor relations, 62
La Farge, John, 112, 175, 187, 201
Lakota, 162
Lama, Omar, 443n3
land art, 443. See also earthworks
Lander, Frederick W., 119, 148
landscape painting, 15, 53–55, 62–63, 66, 76, 80, 92, 100, 102, 119, 124–27, 136–41, 151, 160, 166, 172–73, 177, 186, 197, 227–28, 238, 428
divine presence, 116
Hudson River school, 57, 165
imitation v. representation, 128
sui generis character of, 141
Lange, Dorothea: “Assignment I’ll Never Forget, The,” 327–29
on documentary photography, 327–28
Migrant Mother, 306, 327–28
Langsner, Jules, 448
Latin America, 394, 400
Laughton, Charles, 342
Lawrence, Carolyn M., 441, 443n3
League of Nations, 295
Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 109
Leavitt, Sarah Allibone, 221
Le Clear, Thomas, 202
Lee, Robert E., 111
Léger, Fernand, 348, 378
Leibl, Wilhelm, 169
L’Enfant, Pierre, 23
Le Moyne de Morgues, Jacques, 21
Leonardo da Vinci, 440
Vitruvian Man, 469
Lenni-Lenape Indians, 25
Leutze, Emanuel, 102
Levine, Lawrence: Opening of the
American Mind, The, 463
Levine, Sherrie, 453
Levittown (New York), 352
Lewis, Norman, 440
LeWitt, Sol, 15
conceptual art, 435–36
Diagram and Certificate for Wall Drawing number 49…, 408
“Paragraphs on Conceptual Art,” 434–36
structures of, 434
Lichtenstein, Roy, 352, 415–17, 447, 490
I Can See the Whole Room and There’s Nobody in It . . ., 406
Life (magazine), 294, 341–42, 350–51, 354
Lincoln, Abraham, 112, 118, 147
assassination of, 111
Lin, Maya: Civil Rights Memorial, 479
Vietnam Veterans Memorial, 467, 479–80
What Is Missing, 479
Linnaeus, Carl, 27, 43–44
Lippard, Lucy R., 425, 436–38, 445–46
Lippincott, W. H., 202
literalist art, 432–34
lithography, 62, 150
Livingston, Edward, 71–72
Locke, Alain, 297
New Negro, The, 305, 320
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 212
Loewy, Raymond, 339
Louisville (Kentucky), 94
London (England), 274, 447–48, 495
Longo, Robert, 453
Look (magazine), 294
Lorrain, Claude, 76, 131, 137, 141
Los Angeles (California), 384, 464
as art center, 447
L.A. Look, 447–50
pop art in, 447
Watts riot, 400
Los Angeles County Museum, 447
Louisiana Purchase, 24, 85, 507
Louis Philippe, 68
Lowell, A. Lawrence, 212
Luce, Henry R., 341–43, 350–51
Luhan, Mabel Dodge, 308–9
Luks, George, 315
Lytle, Nancy: Two Undiscovered Amerindians Visit Madrid, Spain, 460
MacLeish, Archibald, 342–43
Madison, James, 23
Madrid (Spain), 495
Magiciens de la terre (exhibition), 464
Maine, 24, 214–15
Maine (battleship), 212
Malanga, Gerald, 417–22
Malcolm X, 400
male gaze, 220, 478
Malevich, Kazimir, 370, 426
Malraux, André, 385
Mandan people, 60
Manet, Édouard, 271
Olympia, 221
Manifest Destiny, 64
Mapplethorpe, Robert, 462–63, 490–91
censoring, attempt to, 489
as controversial, 488–89
Thomas, 469
Marin, John, 274–77
Movement: Fifth Avenue, 260
marketing industry, 297, 481
Marshall Plan, 351
Marsh, Reginald, 417
Martin, Angelique, 120–24
Marx, Karl, 482
Maryland, 23, 91, 471, 499
Maryland Historical Society, 471, 498
Massachusetts, 22, 61, 201
mass culture, 151, 256, 352, 373, 383, 405, 415, 453, 474–75, 496
Masses (magazine), 255
mass manufacturing, 297
Masson, André, 363
Matisse, Henri, 261, 266, 276, 280, 303, 330
“Maybellene” (song), 353
Mayflower (ship), 21
Maynard, George W., 202
McCarthy, Joseph, 351
McCausland, Elizabeth, 379
McCay, Winsor, 256
McClellan, George, 111
McCracken, John, 448
McKim, Charles, 216
McKinley, William, 212
Meadow, Amy, 398
mechanization, 251
Medicaid, 399
Medicare, 399
Melchers, Gari, 240
Melville, Herman, 109
Metropolitan Fair, 108
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 163, 323, 398, 437, 454, 482, 499
Mexican Americans, 401–2
Mexican-American War, 64, 116
Mexican Revolution, 299
Mexico, 172, 299, 401
Michelangelo, 40, 301
Middle East, 400
Mignot, Louis R., 136–37
Miller, Charles H., 202
Miller, Dorothy, 392
Miller, Marc, 484–85
Millet, F. D., 201, 203, 240, 279
Milliken, William, 309
Mills, Clark, 131, 153
Mills, C. Wright, 352
minimalism, 425, 429, 431–32, 434, 447–48
minimalist art, 407, 409, 426, 429, 431–32, 434, 436–37, 443, 445, 448
minstrelsy, 142
Miró, Joan, 363, 368
Mississippi, 63, 398
Missouri, 24, 301
Missouri Compromise, 24, 110, 507
Mitchell, Margaret: Gone with the Wind, 472
Moby-Dick (Melville), 109
modernism, 214, 228, 255–56, 274–75, 281–82, 309, 312, 319, 337–38, 382, 455, 465
cosmopolitanism of, as elitist, 296
defenders of, 333
as “Ellis Island art,” 296
fraudulence, vulnerable to, 281
international panorama of, 283
national identity, 283
opposition to, 278, 296, 329
ridicule of, 278, 296
transatlantic character of, 296
modernist art, 232, 252, 255, 259, 272, 274, 278, 281–83, 286, 296, 300, 307, 309, 312, 319, 330, 333, 370, 373, 382, 392, 404, 431–32, 434, 447, 455, 465, 497
as European imports, 256
as form of communism, 352
New York, as international center of, 363
pictorial photography, links to, 270
sensibility of, 433
social character of, 337–38
Modern Art in the U.S. (exhibition), 392
modernization, 297
Mondrian, Piet, 296, 370, 375, 426
Monet, Claude, 424
Monroe Doctrine, 24
Monroe, James, 24
Montaigne, Michel de, 289
Montana, 162, 166
Montgomery (Alabama) bus boycott, 353
Moral Majority, 462
Moran, Thomas, 160, 162, 173, 177
Chasm of the Colorado, The, 172
Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, The, 166
Morris, Robert, 398, 432
L-Beam, 429
“Notes on Sculpture,” 429–31
Morse, Samuel F. B., 49–50, 71–73, 81, 83
Gallery of the Louvre, 29
Motherwell, Robert, 393
Mott, Lucretia, 109–10
moving pictures, 256
Mucha, Patty, 413
Mudd Club, 483
Mull, Martin, 15
multiculturalism, 495
Munich (Germany), 128, 164, 169, 187, 195–96, 199, 201, 204
Munich School, 188–89
“Munich men,” 201–3
Musée du Luxembourg, 221
Museum of Fine Arts, 163, 201
Museum of Modern Art, 348–50, 379, 392, 425–26, 470, 481–82
museums, 56, 204, 275, 325, 436, 437, 438, 483, 497–500
consciousness industry, role of, 481–82
corporate funding of, 482
cultural knowledge, as shapers of, 498
institutional critique, 498
systems of power, perpetuating of, 398
Myron (sculptor): Discobolus, 469
Nagasaki (Japan), 350
Nairne, Sandy, 476
Names Project Foundation, 460
Namuth, Hans, 348, 398
National Academy of Design (NAD), 24, 29, 62–63, 66, 114, 122–23, 142–44, 147–48, 163–64, 176, 182–83, 185–89, 201–2, 210, 231, 272
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 320
National Child Labor Committee, 257
National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), 400, 462–63, 493
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), 400
National Geodetic Survey, 210
Nation of Islam, 400
nationalism, 255–56
America First, 333
National Organization for Women (NOW), 402
National Urban League, 320
Native Americans, 21, 23, 25, 54, 63–64, 68, 86–89, 162, 382, 401–2
exodus of, 85. See also individual tribes
Navajo: sand paintings, 348, 363
Nazism, 333
Neal, David, 202
Neal, Larry, 441
Nebraska, 110, 507
Nelson, Gaylord, 403
neo-impressionists, 266, 282
Neo-Plasticists, 426
Netherlands, 23, 163
Neue Sachlichkeit (New Objectivity), 473–74
Nevada, 511
New American Painting, The (exhibition), 392–94
New Deal, 298, 399
New England, 21–22, 34–35, 164
New Frontier, 399
New Hampshire, 79
New Left, 401–3
Newman, Barnett, 367, 370, 372–75
“New Sense of Fate, The,” 350
Onement 1, 355
Vir Heroicus Sublimis, 371
New Mexico, 21, 507, 511
New Negro movement, 297
New Orleans (Louisiana), 94, 97
New Right, 403
New School for Social Research, 301, 331, 388
Newton, Huey, 438
New Woman movement, 297
New York Art Strike Against Racism, War, and Repression, 437
New York Call (magazine), 255 536
New York City, 22, 49, 62, 94, 98, 101, 103, 163, 201, 211, 218, 222, 234, 254, 264, 266, 274, 287, 294, 364, 374, 379, 384, 386, 398, 446–47, 450, 508, 511
AIDS posters, 491
art galleries, expansion of, 462
Bowery, 473
Brooklyn, 311
Brooklyn Bridge, 300, 309–10
Coney Island, 309–10
dada in, 256, 263, 286, 309, 417
East Village, 462
Greenwich Village, 296, 316, 402
Harlem, 297, 305, 316, 320, 400, 404, 486–87
modernity, embodiment of, 309–11
modernization, association with, 296
SoHo, 462
New York school, 373, 375, 448
New York State, 22, 24, 62, 98
Nicaragua, 462
Nineteenth Amendment, 297
Nixon, Richard M.: resignation of, 403
“silent majority,” appeal to, 402
Noble, John, 398
Noland, Kenneth, 432
North America, 30, 137, 200, 212, 252, 504
North Carolina, 61
Northern Cheyenne, 162
Northwest Territory, 22
Norton, Louise, 288–89
Office of War Information (OWI), 349
Ohio, 162, 398
Oklahoma, 85
Oklahoma City bombing, 463
O’Keeffe, Georgia, 307–8, 445–46
Series I—From the Plains, 262
White Flower, New Mexico, 309
Oldenburg, Claes, 414, 426–27
Store, The, 413
Street, The, 413
“Old Kentucky Home” (song), 142, 144
Olitski, Jules, 432, 449
Opportunity (journal), 320
Organization of Black American Culture (OBAC), 440–41
Orozco, José Clemente, 320, 363
O’Sullivan, John, 64
O’Sullivan, Timothy, 145–46
outsider art, 486
Palmer, Bertha, 237
Palmer, Mitchell, 297
Panic of 1873, 161
Panic of 1893, 212, 254
Paris (France), 128, 164, 169, 186–87, 195–96, 199, 201, 203, 211, 215, 256, 287, 324–25, 373–74, 379
cubism in, 286
Paris Salon, 223
Parks, Rosa, 353
Parton, Sara Willis, 144–45
Paterson strike, 254
Paterson Strike >Pageant, 255
Peale, Charles Willson, 14, 21, 23, 40–41, 44
Artist in His Museum, 27
The Long Room, Interior of Front Room in Peale’s Museum, 20
museum of, 42–43
Pearce, Charles Sprague, 203
Pecht, Friedrich, 199–200
Pelham, Henry, 26
Peale, Titian, 20
Pearl Harbor, 349
Pennell, Joseph, 244
Penn family, 25
Pennsylvania, 22, 25, 162
Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (PAFA), 23, 160, 163, 181–82, 202, 242, 244
Penn, William, 25
Pentagon Papers, 401
Phidias, 65, 183
Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), 21–23, 94, 98, 163, 508
Philadelphia Artists Fund Society, 89
Philadelphia Museum of Art, 163
Philadelphia School of Design for Women, 133
Philadelphia Society of Artists, 202
Philbrook Museum of Art, 382
Philippines, 212, 401
Phillips, Bob, 444
photography, 81, 111, 144–47, 217, 271, 274, 326, 385, 454–55, 469, 476
advent of, 62, 380–81
aesthetic value of, 222
documentary, 255, 327–28, 341, 379, 382–83, 473–74
pictorial, 246, 248, 270
portrait, 302
progressive reform, spurring of, 257
racism, dismantling of, 67
and realism, 380–82
situational irony, 475
social justice, documenting of, 266–67, 269
and “truth,” 477–78
photojournalism, 341
Picabia, Francis, 276, 279
Picasso, Pablo, 259, 276, 279, 330, 363, 368
Picknell, W. L., 203
pictorialism, 246
gum process, 247–48
Pictures (exhibition), 453–55
Pictures Generation, 473, 476
appropriation, strategy of, 454
Pilgrims, 21
Pindell, Howardina, 500
Piper, Adrian: meta-art of, 450
Mythic Being, The: I Embody, 410, 450–53
Out of Order, Out of Sight, 450
Pitcairn, John, 28
Plagens, Peter, 447–50
Plessy v. Ferguson, 212–13
Plessy, Homer, 213
Poe, Edgar Allan, 311
Polk, James, 64, 112
Pollock, Charles, 329
Pollock, Jackson, 329, 342, 348, 373–75, 394, 411, 424
criticism of, 352, 363
method of painting, 363, 365–67
Out of the Web: Number 7, 354
Pomo weavers, 252
pop art, 414–16, 419, 422, 432, 455, 474–75, 490
in California, 447
and homosexuality, 418
as industrial painting, 417
Porter, Edwin, 256
postcolonial studies, 464–65
Post, George B., 211
postimpressionism, 255, 286, 314, 378
postmodernism, 465
Poussin, Nicolas, 141
Powers, Hiram, 131–32, 155
Greek Slave, The, 60, 63, 70, 94–98, 110
Prang and Co., 112, 200
Prang, Louis, 151–53
Prang’s Chromo (journal), 151
Presley, Elvis, 353
Price, Kenneth, 448
pro-choice movement, 402
Progressive Political Party, 254–55, 281
Progressivism, 254–55, 257
Prohibition, 297–98
Public Works of Art Project (PWAP), 298, 324, 332
Puerto Rico, 212
Pull My Daisy (film), 348
Puerto Rico, 511
Purvis, Robert, 90
Putzel, Howard, 364–65
Quartley, Arthur: Close of a Stormy Day, 202
Quincy, Antoine-Chrysostome Quatremère de, 71
race, race riots, 295, 464
racial segregation, 322–23, 360, 400
racism, 295, 398, 400, 437, 495
and photography, 67
radical art: politics, alliance of, 255
Radio Corporation of America (RCA), 339
Raffaele, Joe, 423
Raphael, 55
Rauschenberg, Robert, 352–53, 387–90, 413, 455, 468, 485–86
Collection, 358
Combines of, 385–86
Reaganism, 475
Reagan, Ronald, 464
as Great
Communicator, 461
religious conservatives, support of, 462
Reaganomics, 461–62
Ream, Vinnie, 153
Rebel without a Cause (film), 353
Reconstruction, 111–12, 161
red scare, 255
second red scare, 351–52
Reed, Luman, 124
regionalism, 296, 329
Regnault, Henri, 179
Reinhart, Charles Stanley, 240
Varnishing Day at the New York Academy of Design, 160
Rembrandt, 174, 179, 192, 247, 276, 313, 342
Republican Party, 110–11, 255, 351–52
Resettlement Administration (RA), 306, 328
Historical Section, 327. See also Farm Security Administration (FSA)
Revolutionary War, 22, 25, 44, 504
Reynolds, Joshua, 26, 31, 33, 35, 37, 247
Richardson, H. H., 162
Richards, William Trost, 102
Riis, Jacob, 211–12, 266–67
Rivera, Diego, 298–99, 320, 336
Rivers, Larry, 348
Robert Miller Gallery, 489
Robeson, Paul, 319
Rockefeller Center, 299, 336
Rockefeller, John D., 162, 299, 336
rock and roll, 353
Rockwell, Norman: Four Freedoms, 349, 361–63
Rodin, Auguste, 280, 287
Rodman, Selden, 363, 368
Roe v. Wade, 402
Rogers, John, 153–55
“Roll Over Beethoven” (song), 353
Rome (Italy), 199
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 298, 351, 399
Four Freedoms, 349, 361
Roosevelt, Theodore, 212, 255, 286, 298, 470
Armory Show, visit to, 280–82
Rosa, Salvator, 76, 141
Rosenberg, Harold, 373, 413
action painting, 375–78
attack on, 376
Rosie the Riveter, 350
Rosler, Martha, 474–76
Bowery in two inadequate descriptive systems, The, 473
Bringing the War Home series, 473
Rothko, Mark, 350, 367, 369–70, 393, 449
Number 61 (Rust and Blue), 356
work of art, recipe for, 368
Rothschild, Deborah Menaker, 486
Royal Academy, 24, 31
Royal Academy of Fine Arts, 169, 188
Rubens, Peter Paul, 174, 178
Ruscha, Ed, 448
Ruskin, John, 124, 139, 213
Russell, Morgan: Cosmic Synchromy, 284
Synchromy No. 2, To Light, 261
Russia, 255, 422, 504
Russian Revolution, 298
Rydell, Robert, 496
Ryder, Albert Pinkham, 190, 213–14, 232–34, 326, 364
Race Track (Death on a Pale Horse), 219
style of, 231
Ryerson, Margery, 272
Saar, Alison, 460
Saar, Betye, 500
Sacco and Vanzetti case, 296
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 194, 210
Salinger, J. D.: Catcher in the Rye, 353
San Francisco (California), 64, 447, 460, 491
Santayana, George, 383
Sargent, John Singer, 212, 242
Sartain, John, 189
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 450
Scarborough, W. S., 244
Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne), 109
Schapiro, Meyer, 372, 411
“Social Bases of Art,” 320, 337–39
Schapiro, Miriam, 444–45
Schneemann, Carolee: Interior Scroll, 423
kinetic theater, 423–24
Meat Joy, 423, 425
Schoenberg, Arnold, 388
Schussele, Christian, 181–82
Schuyler, George, 315, 319
Seale, Bobby, 438
Seattle Art Museum, 498–99
Seckler, Dorothy Gees, 371–72, 386–87
Seneca Falls convention: Declaration of Sentiments, 109–10
Serrano, Andreas: Piss Christ, 462
Serra, Richard: Pissed Off, 486
Shoe Tree, 486
Shapolsky, Harry, 480
Sheeler, Charles, 285
Sheldon, George, 185–86
Shell Oil, 339
Sherman Antitrust Act, 212
Sherman, Cindy, 14–15, 453, 479
cinema, influence on, 477
on male gaze, 478
on photography, 476
Rear Screen Projections series, 466
Untitled Film Stills, 466, 476–77
Untitled #66, 466
Sherman, William T.: March to the Sea, 111
Shirlaw, Walter, 188–89, 201–2, 240
Shoshone, 149
Sichel, Jennifer, 417–18
Siegel, Jeanne, 477–79
Simons, Abe, 266
Siqueiros, David Alfaro, 363
slavery, 23, 64, 70, 89–91, 95, 97, 117–18, 322, 472, 507
abolition of, 24, 110
end of, 111, 142
Sloan, John, 255, 270–71, 312, 314–15
Bob Cat Wins, 313
Coffee Line, The, 258
diaries of, 264–66
McSorley’s Back Room, 313
Night Windows, 313
Picture Buyer, The, 313
Smith, Philip, 453, 455
Smith, Roberta, 465
Smithson, Robert, 15
“Museum of Language in the Vicinity of Art, A,” 443
Spiral Jetty, 443–44
Smith, W. Eugene, 341
Snodgrass, Jeanne, 382–83
Socialist Labor Party, 162
Socialist Party of America, 254
Society of American Artists (SAA), 164, 179, 185, 188, 195, 231
Solomon, Alan, 359
South Carolina, 21–22, 61
Soviet Union, 351, 400, 402
Spain, 23, 163, 212, 504
Spanish-American War, 511
Spencer, Benjamin, 120 538
Spencer, Lily Martin, 110, 120–24
Young Husband, The: First Marketing, 113
Spiral group, 440
Sputnik, 351
Stamp Act, 22
Standard Oil Company, 162
Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 109–10
Steichen, Edward, 267
Flatiron, The, 222
Steinberg, Leo, 386
Steinem, Gloria, 402
Stella, Frank, 426, 429, 432
formalist painting, 425
Stella, Joseph, 300
Battle of Lights, 310
[Brooklyn] Bridge, 310, 312
Coney Island, 310
Mardi Gras, 310
Voice of the City of New York Interpreted, The, 300, 309–10
Stephens, Alice Barber: Women’s Life Class, The, 160
Stevens, Nelson, 443n2
Steve Roper (cartoon), 406
Stieglitz, Alfred, 211, 222, 260, 267, 274–78, 282, 296, 307–8
Car Horses, 271
Fountain, 263
Hand of Man, 271
on pictorial photography, 246–48
Steerage, The, 259, 270–71
Still, Clyfford, 392
Stillman, William J., 124
Stone City (Iowa) arts colony, 332
Stowe, Harriet Beecher: Uncle Tom’s
Cabin (Stowe), 110, 142, 144
Strähuber, Alexander, 169
streamlining, 340–41
as design aesthetic, 339
Stryker, Roy, 327
Students for a Democratic Society (SDS): Port Huron Statement, 401
Sullivan, Louis, 211
Sumner, Charles, 110
Sunshine Muse, 447
surrealism, 330, 375, 393–94, 455
Sussman, Elizabeth, 460
Swenson, Gene, 415–23
Symbolism, 455
synchromism, 261
Taft, Lorado, 242–43
Taft, Robert, 380
Tait, Arthur Fitzwilliam: Group of Chickens, 151
Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 212–13, 242–43, 246
Bagpipe Lesson, The, 245
Banjo Lesson, The, 223, 244
Thankful Poor, The, 244
Taylor, Frederick, 254
Teague, Walter Dorwin, 339
television, 352, 380, 452, 454, 475, 485
Tennessee, 61
Tenth Street Studio Building, 137
Texas, 64, 511
Thanksgiving, 21
Thatcherism, 475
theater, 62, 297, 449
art, negation of, 433
Happenings, different from, 411–12
kinetic, 423–24
visual arts, as enemy of, 431, 433–34
Thirteenth Amendment, 111
Thompson, A. Wordsworth, 202
Thompson, Florence Owens, 306, 327, 329
Thoreau, Henry David, 64, 109
Thorwaldsen, Bertel, 136
Tiffany, Louis C., 202
Time (magazine), 294, 296, 330–32, 341
Tintoretto, 301
Toomer, Jean, 319
Trade Routes: History and Geography (exhibition), 464
Trail of Tears, 63
transcontinental railroad, 172
Treaty of Paris, 504
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, 254
Truman, Harry, 351
Trumbull, John, 14, 23–24, 40–42, 44–45
Battle of Bunker Hill, The, 28, 46
Capitol rotunda paintings, commissioning of, 47–49
Declaration of Independence, 20, 40–41
Tubman, Harriet, 471
Turner, J. M. W., 137, 141, 150, 165–66, 172
Turrell, James, 447, 449–50
Twain, Mark, 137–38, 161–62
Twachtman, J. H., 202, 273
Twombly, Cy, 468
291 gallery, 260, 274–75
Tworkov, Jack, 386
United Farm Workers (UFW), 401
United States, 14–15, 21, 29, 61, 64, 67, 70, 79–81, 89, 92, 94, 101, 109, 111, 116–18, 142, 151, 162–64, 172, 199, 203, 211–12, 238, 278, 286, 295, 301, 312, 336, 342, 349, 361, 383–84, 394, 401, 447, 461, 473–75, 504, 511
AIDS crisis in, 491
“American Century,” 350–51
anti-immigration campaigns in, 296
car ownership in, 297, 352
crime rates, rising of, 403
early immigration to, 22–23
as global power, 214
identity, struggle over, 62
industrial design in, 339
industrial manufacturing in, 350
industrial powerhouse, transformation of, 253
labor relations, 62
labor reform movements, 257
modernism in, 333
modernization, association with, 296
multicultural studies, as threat to, 463
museums, corporate funding of, 482
photography, rise of in, 380–81
politics, radical transformation of, 254
population density, 508
recession in, 403
red scare in, 255
religion, as contested in, 24
sculpture in, 153–55
single-family homes, mass production of, 352
slavery in, 507
social turbulence in, 399
Universal Exposition, 142, 147, 201
US Geological Survey, 160, 381
US Information Agency (USIA), 349–50
Utah, 507
Vachon, John: Newsstand, Omaha, Nebraska, 294
Valentine, DeWain, 448
van Doesburg, Theo, 348
Van Gogh, Vincent: Young Girl with a Cornflower, 276
Van Rensselaer family, 62
Van Rensselaer, Mariana Griswold, 164, 185, 187–88, 194–99, 226–27
Vasarely, Victor, 426
Vassilakis, Takis, 436
Velázquez, Diego, 167, 177–78, 191, 230, 271, 424
Veronese, Paolo: Wedding Feast at Cana, 29
Vietnam Veterans against the War, 401
Vietnam War, 111, 398, 400, 467, 473, 479
antiwar activists, 401
“peace with honor,” 402
Virginia, 21, 23, 61, 142
Virginia Museum of Fine Art, 462
visual arts, 14–15, 62, 256, 297, 320, 326, 342, 348–49, 353, 392, 399, 424, 431, 441, 443, 462, 491
visual media, 67, 256, 262, 373, 466
voluntary national service corps (VISTA), 399–400
Voting Rights Act (1965), 400
Wadsworth, Daniel, 53
Walker, Bill, 441
Walker, Kara, 14–15, 501–2
Gone: Historical Romance of a Civil War as It Occurred b’tween the Dusky Thighs of One Young Negress and Her Heart, 472, 500
Wall of Respect (mural), 441
War of 1812, 61
Ward, Edgar M., 175
Washing Place,
Brittany, 202
Ward, John Quincy Adams: Freedman, 111, 118, 147–48
Warhol, Andy, 418, 420, 422–23, 447, 455, 468, 490
Campbell’s Soup Cans, 405, 419, 421
emotional detachment of, 417
Race Riot, 342
Warren, Joseph, 28
Washington, Booker T., 244–46
Washington, DC, 94, 511
Washington, George, 22, 24, 108
sculpture of, 63, 65
statue of, 71–72, 74–76
Watergate scandal, 402–3
Waters, Muddy, 353
Weber, Max, 271
Weinstock, Jane, 473
Weir, J. Alden, 173–74, 189–90, 240
At the Water Trough, 167
Harvesters at Rest, 202
Weir, Robert, 173
West, Benjamin, 23, 28, 32, 34–41, 44
Death of General Wolfe, The, 33
as New World naïf, 31
Penn’s Treaty with the Indians, 25
rise of, 31
West Germany, 463
West Virginia, 162
Wheeler, Candace, 238
White, Charles, 486
White Cloud, 68
Whitman, Walt, 81–82, 84, 109, 161–62, 273, 312, 414
Whitney Museum of American Art, 331–32, 496
Biennial exhibitions, 460, 465
“salon of the other,” 465
Whistler, James McNeill, 191–94, 210, 212
“Arrangement in Grey and Black,” 229
First Venice Set, The: Two Doorways, 170
“Harmony in Grey and Gold,” 229
mother, picture of, 229
nocturnes of, 213, 222, 229
“Red Rag, The,” 229
Second Venice Set, 170
Symphony in White, No. 1: The White Girl, 221
“Ten O’Clock” lecture, 228–29
Whittredge, Worthington, 102–3, 137
Wiggins, Mary Albert: Augustus Saint-Gaudens’s Class of Art Students League, 210
Wilde, Oscar, 228, 276
Wild One, The (film), 353
Wilkie, David: Blind Fiddler, 142
Williams, Gerald, 443n1
Willis, Nathaniel Parker, 81
“Pencil of Nature, The,” 82–83
Wilson, Fred, 497, 500
Mining the Museum, 471, 499
Museum, The: Mixed Metaphors, 498
Wilson, Woodrow, 255, 280, 295
Wise, Henry, 71
Witson, Thomas, 91
women: women artists, and marriage, 240–42
in workforce, 297, 402
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), 297–98
women’s liberation movement, 402
women’s suffrage, 242
Women’s Strike for Equality, 402
Wonder, Stevie, 487
Wood, Beatrice, 288
Wood, Grant: American Gothic, 302, 330–31
American scene, painting of, 332
Daughters of Revolution, 331
Dinner for Threshers, 331
Washington Crossing the Delaware, 331
Woodruff, Hale, 440
Woodstock Music and Art Fair, 401
Woodville, Richard Caton, 102
Workingmen’s Party, 162
World’s Fair (1939), 339
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 294
Federal Art Project (FAP), of, 298, 303, 323–26, 333, 379
World’s Columbian Exposition, 216, 239
as White City, 210, 213, 238
Woman’s Building, 240
Women’s Building, 237
World War I, 256, 295, 297, 349
World War II, 349, 402
Worth, Charles Frederick, 237n1
Wortz, Edward, 449
Wounded Knee (North Dakota), 401–2
Wright, Willard Huntington, 282
Wright, William, 365–67
WNYC (radio station), 334
Wyoming, 119, 160, 155
Yellowstone National Park, 160, 166, 172
Zorach, Marguerite, 282
Zorach, William, 285
Zurich (Switzerland), 256