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Description: Bearers of Meaning: The Classical Orders in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the...
Index
PublisherPrinceton University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00026.027
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Index
Aachen, palace chapel, 76, 77, 85, 113
Academy, Platonic, at Florence, 161
Ackerman, J. S., 327
acoustics, see barycephalae temples; intonantie
Acragas, Olympieum, 27
Actium, Battle of, 32
Adam, 163
Adelhard, Abbot, 86
Aeneas and Anchises, 259
Aeolic dialect, 28
Aeolic order, 14, 28, 47
Aeolis, 12, 14, 28
Aeschylus, 15
Agorius Praetextatus, Vettius, 71
Alberti, Leon Battista, 43, 47, 127, 134, 136, 169–71, 174, 176, 192, 223
buildings, 182–85, 194
writings: Della famiglia, 133, 150
De pictura (Della pittura), 131, 146, 147, 159
De re aedificatoria, 147–57, 182, 183, 207
De statua, 147
Alcmaeonids, 13
Alcuin, 76
Alessi, Galeazzo, 311, 312, 315, 317
Alexander the Great, 19, 22, 23, 79
Alexandria, 27, 28
Ambrose, St, 69
Amiens, cathedral, 88, 90
Ammanati, Bartolomeo, 319–20
Amyclae, throne of Apollo, 14, 15, 18
Ancona, arch of Trajan, 268
Angelico, Fra, Annunciation, 145, 145
Angilbert, 78, 79
Aniane, monastery, 78–79, 81
animals, buildings like, 149
Anthony, Mark, 32, 40
anthropomorphism, 4, 8, 34, 75, 81, 86, 148, 149, 155, 159, 162–70
Antichrist, architecture of, 244
Antoninus Pius, see emperors
Aosta, amphitheatre, 51
Aphrodisias, Sebasteion, 46
appropriateness (decor, decorum), 36–37, 39–40, 51, 68, 123–26, 151, 154–57, 180, 186, 210–14, 220, 235, 253, 273, 275, 290, 319. See also licence; morality; rules
Aquinas, St Thomas, 123–24, 174, 218
arch: opposed to horizontal entablature, 156, 182, 188–89, 192–93, 204, 260–62
round, opposed to pointed, 113–25
arched vault, opposed to flat ceiling, 70, 192—93; see also arch, opposed to horizontal entablature
Archimedes, 239
architects, 4, 40, 70, 88, 149, 208, 310
architectural theory, see theory of architecture
aretē, 160–61
Aretino, Pietro, 287–94, 299–308
Aristophanes, 15, 16
Aristotle, 36, 174–78, 217, 218, 224
Ethics, 37, 124–25, 160
Metaphysics, 173
On the Soul, 173
Physics, 176
Poetics, 34, 176
Politics, 26
Posterior Analytics, 173
Rhetoric, 37
arts, liberal and mechanical, 172, 216–19
Asiatic architecture, 149
rhetoric, 38, 269
Aspendus, theatre, 56
Assisi: S. Maria degli Angeli, 311, 312
S. Rufino, 312
Assos, temple, 12
asymmetry, 98–111, 119–22, 143–45, 260–62, 295; see also Gospel and Epistle; clergy and laity
Athenians, 13, 15, 16, 26, 28
Athens: Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, 19
Erechtheum, 17, 18, 19
Parthenon, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 19
Propylaea, 15, 16
Stoa of Attalus, 26, 27
Stoa Poikile, 16
Stoa of Zeus, 15, 16
temple of Athena Nike, 34
temple of Flephaistus, see Theseum
temple of Olympian Zeus (Olympieum), 13, 23, 24, 26, 30, 59
Theseum, 15, 16
war memorial, 19
atlantes (Atlas figures), 27, 28
Atlantis, 160, 162
Attalids, of Pergamum, 23, 28
Attic columns, 74
doors, 39
rhetoric, 38, 269
Augustus, see emperors
Austria, 324
Averiino, Antonio, see Filarete
Averroes, 175
Avicenna, 175
Avignon, return of papacy from, 125, 192
Baif, Lazzaro de, 300
baptism, 60–63
Barbadori family, 133
Barbari, Jacopo de’, 216
barbarians, 48, 110, 150
Baron, H., 132
barycephalae temples, 232
bases, meaning of, 75
Bassae, temple of Apollo, 18, 18, 19, 25
Bassi, Martino, 312
Bassus, Junius, 71
Bathycles, 15
beauty, 152–53
“inseparable from function and utility,” 149
selection of the beautiful, 264–71
Beauvais, cathedral, 88
Bede, 76
Belevi, tomb, 19, 23
Bembo, Pietro, 136
Benavides, Marco, 319–20
Benedict of Aniane, 79, 81
Benevento, Arch of Trajan, 265, 266, 268
Bergamasco, Guglielmo, 324
Bernard, Saint, 113, 123; see also Christian orders (Cistercians)
Bernardino, Saint, 128, 315
Bernward, Bishop of Hildesheim, 82
bestiality: opera bestiale, 280
scala bestiale, 299
Betts, Richard, 171
Bible, 112
I Kings 10:9, 76
I Chronicles 28:3, 112
II Chronicles (Paralipomenon), 4, 75
Psalm 20, 81
Psalm 44, 75
Psalm 115, 128
Proverbs 9:1, 76, 214
Haggai 2:9, 241
Matthew 6:19, 112
Matthew 16:18, 112
Luke 17:28–29, 112
John 10, 75
John 14, 75, 81
Acts 1:13, 71
Galatians 2:9, 70, 75
Ephesians 2:20, 70, 85, 86, 88
1 Timothy 1:17, 128
Revelation 18:10, 112
Revelation 21:14, 70, 88
Revelation 21:22, 112
Billi, Antonio, 133
bizzaria, 280
Black Death, 125
Boccaccio, 132
Boethius, 217
Bolani, Domenico, 299
Bologna, 263
Bonaiuto, Andrea di, 123
Borgo San Sepolcro, 216, 219
Botticelli, Sandro: Adoration, 192
Temptation of Christ, 199, 200
Bourges, cathedral, 88
Bracciolini, Poggio, 131
Bramante, Donato, 225–46, 263, 264
Britain, 47, 49
Brunelleschi, Filippo, 127, 130–36, 145, 146, 147, 150
Bruni, Leonardo, 131, 134, 161
Bruno, Bishop of Cologne, 81
Bruschi, Arnaldo, 225
building types: amphitheatres, 42–51, 54, 58
aqueducts, 41
basilicas, 26, 151, 156
baptisteries, 69, 98, 99, 100, 101, 107, 108
baths, 211
boats, 27, 28
capitolia, 30, 48
castles, 151
chapter houses, 141
churches, 59–73, 76, 116, 176, 194, 324
cities, 180
commercial buildings, 323
fortifications, 240, 272, 324–30
gardens, 151, 156, 221, 275
gates, 53, 272, 275, 277, 324–30
gymnasia, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 52
houses, 39, 114, 124, 125, 127–29, 143, 151, 167–69, 176, 273, 298–300, 314–23
hut of Nativity, 205, 260
libraries, 28, 44, 47, 51–53, 141, 287–94
mausolea, 19, 23, 59, 70–71, 82, 85, 109–11
milestones, 51
mints, 288–89, 324
monasteries, 273
monumental columns, 51–53
piazzas, 194, 258, 262, 291, 294–99
porticoes, 39
prisons, 272
stoas, 23, 26
temples, 8–10, 33, 151, 156, 163, 194
theatres, 34, 53–58, 156, 282–85
tholoi, 19–21
towers, 112, 113, 114, 125, 157
treasuries, 277
triumphal arches, 47–48, 59, 65, 243, 274
villas, 190–91, 282, 314–23
warehouses, 48–51
buildings, parts: altars, 65, 67, 103, 109, 141
bricks, 165
ciboria, 72, 79, 81
coping-stones, 85
corbels, 179
cornerstones, 85
doors, 39, 72–73, 75, 81, 98, 99, 102, 107–108, 122, 155, 165, 220, 292
galleries, 64, 67, 221
keystones, 79, 85
pedestals, 154, 179, 304
pediments, 53, 155
piers, 29, 31, 85
podia, 151, 157
walls, 83, 102, 103, 132
windows, 155, 194. See also arch; column; exterior/interior
Burchard of Hall, 132
Burns, Howard, 271
Buscheto, 98
Byzantium and Byzantine, 69, 98–99, 102, 106, 132; see also Greece
Caesar, Julius, 32, 33, 41, 85, 269
Callimachus, 19, 35, 143, 154, 210
Cambi, Tommaso, 299
Cambio, Arnolfo di, 135
capital types: Byzantine, 69
chain, 75
crown, 110
olive leaf, 241–42
simplified, 51
sub-Corinthian, 142
trophy, 63, 72
unfinished, 49
variation of, 122, 141. See also Aeolic; Composite; Corinthian; Doric; Ionic; Italic; Tuscan
Capranica Praenestina, church, 241
Caprini, apostolic protonotary, 236; see also under Rome (palaces)
Caraffa, Diomede, 127
Careggi, Villa Medici, 190
Cariani, Giovanni, 301
caryatids, 222
Castiglione, Cardinal Branda, 125–26, 127
Castiglione Olona, 125, 125–26
Catholic versus Protestant, 313
Catullus, 49
Catulus, 30
Cellini, Benvenuto, 264, 271
Cennino, Cennini, 132
Centula, monastery, 78
certame coronario, 134
Cervantes, Cardinal Giovanni, 125, 126
Cesariano, Cesare, 230–31, 282
character expressed in architecture, 241, 308–10, 330
virtues exemplified in architecture, 126, 173
Charlemagne, see emperors
Charles V, see emperors
Chartres, cathedral, 89, 90
Chigi, Agostino, 253
Chigi, Fabio, 253
Christian figures
Christ, 59, 65, 82, 83, 84, 85, 103, 110, 112, 113, 192–93, 200, 273
as column, 83
as door, 75, 88
IHS monogram, 128, 315
as lapis angularis, 82–83, 103
God, 104, 109, 110, 112, 113, 127, 155, 159, 160, 219, 315
Mary, Virgin, 68, 78, 114, 125, 191
architecture for, 235, 253–54, 273, 301–303, 311, 312
saints: Barbara, 220
Catherine, 220
Eustace, 220
George, 220
Lawrence, 65
Maurice, 220
Paul, 75
Peter, 68, 70, 193, 200, 235
Peter and Paul, 102
Stephen and Lawrence, 126
Christian orders: Augustinians, 114
Benedictines, 312
Cistercians, 114
Dominicans, 114, 119–23, 141, 207
Franciscans, 96, 114, 119, 195, 216, 311, 312
Jesuits, 311
Christian subjects: Annunciation, 88, 114, 143–45, 206, 242–44
Nativity and Adoration, 116, 119, 128, 260
Pentecost, 116–19
Christianity/New Testament, 59, 112–29, 150, 192–205, 243–46, 257–62, 273
and paganism, 71–72, 114, 164–65. See also Bible; Church, the; clergy and laity; Judaism
Church, the, 70, 74, 75, 111, 112, 122, 123, 201, 235, 241, 310
Ciapponi, L. A., 207
Cicero, 33, 37, 39, 40, 269
De officiis, 37, 39, 40, 133, 151–57
Orator, 37, 38, 154
De oratore, 38, 153, 155
Classical architecture, associations of: embarrassment, 126–29
Gothic, antithesis of, 119, 122, 192–99
paganism and Judaism, 119
tragedy, 284
Tuscan independence, 110–11
upper class, 286
Claudius, see emperors
clergy and laity, 94–111, 122, 187, 313
clothing and ornament: role in formulating relationships, 4
Dorian and Ionian, 16
and social classes, 165
laws governing, 166
pharisaic garb, 299
masks, 281–82. See also ornament in architecture
Coducci, Mauro, 127
Cologne, cathedral, 88, 114
St Pantaleon, 81, 82, 83, 84
Colonna, Francesco, 207–15, 220, 225, 230, 235
column: aniconic image, 72
“chief ornament of architecture,” 155
choice of, 70
“for crossroads, theatres, piazzas,” 155
entablature, use with, 156
fluting of, 65, 107–108, 210
man and, 4, 34, 164–65
meaning of, 75
part of a wall, 147–49
revives in eleventh century, 85
sneered at by Saint Jerome, 113
spacing of, 214–15
taxed, 70
tree and, 4. See also removal (of columns)
column: and engaged column, 24, 30, 41
and pier, 72–73, 84–90, 193
and pilaster, 41
column types: atlantes, 27, 28
baluster, 179
candelabrum, 179
caryatids, 222
dwarf, 179, 212
with figures, 90, 113, 213–14
herms, 288
hexagonal, 214
polygonal, 74
pulvinate, 179
spiral, 59, 223
square, 156
tree trunks, 151, 225
columns as: apostles, 70, 75
apostles and bishops, 88
apostles and prophets, 86
Christ, 79
doctors of the Church, 75
Iachin and Boaz, 75–76
James, Cephas (Peter), and John, 75, 112
Jupiter, 84
missions to Gentiles and Jews, 75
Orestes, 8
Peter and Jude, 76
precursors of Christ, 88
sons, 8
symbol of strength, 204
tribes of Israel, 71, 88
commentaries on buildings, 70, 71, 72, 102–104, 113, 126; see also guidebooks; hymns; inscriptions; letters; paintings; sculpture; sermons
Composite order, 42–48, 59, 69, 99, 101, 121, 150, 154, 223, 274, 306–307, 312, 318
composto, ordine, 306–308
Conrad II, see emperors
Constantine, see emperors
Constantinople, 161
Haghia Sophia, 59, 68, 69, 71, 72, 91, 98, 113, 162
Holy Apostles, 70, 98, 100
St John Studios, 69
SS. Sergius and Bacchus, 69
contradictions and contrasts: between material and order, 205
in meanings of orders, 237–38, 244–45
in needs of city gates, 324–26
between physical characteristics (robusto/delicato/sodo), 265–69, 271–72, 273, 288–89, 294, 300–301
between social and moral values, 156, 192. See also country versus town; exterior/interior relationships; festivitas; gravitasi microcosm/macrocosm
Corbie, 78
Corcyra, temple of Artemis, 10, 11
Corinth, 11, 20
temple of Apollo, 10, 10, 11
Corinthian door, 155
Corinthian order, 19–20, 25, 26, 28, 35, 121–23, 142, 155, 156, 210–14, 221, 243–46, 251, 267, 273, 311; see also sub-Corinthian capital
Corsignano, see Pienza
Córtese, Paolo, 258
Cortona, S. Maria del Calcinaio, 191, 191–92
Corvey, 78
Councils: Basle, 126
Ephesus, 68
Nicaea, 70
Lateran, 242
country versus town, 48–51, 240–41, 280–82, 326–30
Coutances, cathedral, 88
craftsmen, 4, 111, 131, 133, 158, 208, 219
criticism, 223–24, 261–71
Cumae, 51
Dante Alighieri, 131, 132, 146
Dario, Giovanni, 127
Decembrio, Pier Candido, 126, 161
decor/decorum, see appropriateness
dedication of a church, 103, 114
Deichmann, Friedrich, 60, 98
deities, see Christian figures; pagan deities
Delos, 16
Delphi: Athenian Stoa, 15
column of the Naxians, 14
column of the Thyades, 19
temple of Apollo, 13
Great Tholos, 19
treasuries, 12, 13, (of Athens) 13, 15, (of Clazomenae) 14, (of Massilia) 14, 14, 28, 28, (of Siphnos) 13, 14, (of Cnidos) 13, 14
Desiderius, Abbot, 85
dialects, 28; see also Aeolic; Doric; Ionic
Didyma, temple of Apollo, 12, 13
Diedenhofen, chapel, 79
Dolce, Lodo vico, Aretino, 301
Domitian, see emperors
Donatello, Donato, 130, 133–35, 134, 138, 138, 146
Doni, Antonio, La seconda libraría, 246
Doria, Andrea, 315, 317
Dorian mode, 23, 210, 222, 236–37
Dorians, 11–13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 27, 28, 35
Doric dialect, 28
Doric door, 39, 155
Doric order, 9, 16, 19, 23, 28, 33, 34, 38, 39, 51, 68, 93, 125–26, 130, 154, 155, 156, 163, 184–85, 194, 210, 221, 237, 242, 251, 258, 267, 273, 300, 314–15
Dorus, 34
drawings and illustrations, 159, 171, 172–78, 190, 219, 263, 264, 266–67, 271
Durandus, Rationale, 88, 149
Dürer, Albrecht, Apocalypse, 224
Edessa, cathedral, 71, 88
Egypt, 8, 28
Eigil, 79
Einhard, 76, 91
El Djem (Thysdrus), 42, 56, 58
Eleusis, Hall of the Mysteries, 15
emotions, 221, 223, 330; see also face and capital
emperors and empresses
Roman: Augustus, 6, 32, 33, 40, 41, 48
Claudius, 41, 46, 49–51
Nero, 44
Vespasian, 44
Titus, 43
Domitian, 41
Trajan, 51–53, 277
Hadrian, 51–53
Antoninus Pius, 41
Maxentius, 59
Constantine, 59, 70, 71, 113
Julian the Apostate, 72
Eudoxia, 68
Theodoric, 71
Justinian, 69, 72, 113
Byzantine: Theophanou, 91
German: Charlemagne, 74, 76, 79, 81, 85, 130
Louis the Pious, 74, 79, 81, 83
Otto I, 81
Conrad II, 109
Henry IV, 109–11
Frederick II, 239
Charles V, 318
Empoli, S. Andrea, 131
encyclopaedias, 74, 113, 147, 157
Ephesus: Library of Celsus, 53—54, 54
St John, 68
temple of Artemis, 11, 11, 12, 33
theatre, 56
Epicureans, 37
Epidaurus: Propylaea, 19, 20
temples of Aphrodite, 19, 20, of Artemis, 19, 20
of Asclepius, 19, 20
Tholos, 19
Erechtheus, 16, 18; see also Athens (Erechtheum)
Eresburg, see Irminsul
Eretria, 10
Essen, cathedral, 91, 93
Este, Cardinal Ippolito d’, 280
Leonello d’, 147
Estouteville, Cardinal d’, 197, 198, 203, 204
Etruria, 28
etymologies, 19, 74–75
eucharist, 60
Eudoxia, Empress, see emperors
Eupompus, 172
Euripides, 15, 16
Ion, 34
Iphigeneia in Tauris, 8
Eusebius, 70
events, buildings after, 15, 18, 20, 27, 132, 161, 197, 244, 297, 312, 318, 324
exempla, 126, 173
expression
in architecture, 3
of activity, 26
of character, 241, 308–10, 330
of emotion, 310
of status, 310
of values, 330; see also face and capital; metaphor; transformation; transition; victory/triumph
in man, 4–5, 330
exterior/interior relationships, 26, 54–56, 60–61, 151, 193–98, 276, 277, 313, 326–30
eye, see sight
Ezekiel, 220
face and capital, 4–5, 330; see also emotions
Falconetto, Giovanni Maria, 321
families, see Alcmaeonids; Attalids; Este; Farnese; Flavians; Gonzaga; Medici; Ottomans; Ptolemies; Rovere, della; Sforza; Visconti
Farnese, Alessandro I, Cardinal, 311
Alessandro II, see popes (Paul III)
Ferrara: Este horse monument, 182
Gesù, 311
Palazzo dei Diamanti, 239
festivitas, 151, 154, 156, 222; see also gravitas
Fiamma, Galvano, Opusculum, 24–25, 127, 151
Ficino, Marsilio, 161
Fiesole: cathedral, 141
S. Domenico, 141
Villa Medici, 191
Filarete (Antonio Averlino), 130, 132, 171, 176, 188
libro architettonico, 158–70
Filelfo (Francesco da Tolentino), 160–61
Flavians, 43–48
Florence, 122, 123, 130–46, 154, 158, 223–24, 323
churches: Baptistery, 106, 107, 107–108, 123, 130–32, 138
cathedral, (S. Reparata) 107, (S. Maria del Fiore) 119, 123, 134
Orsanmichele, 132, 133, 134
Ss. Annunziata, 143, 143, 182
SS. Apostoli, 130
S. Croce, 119, (Chapel of the Novitiate) 141, 142, (Pazzi Chapel) 130, 138, 141, 223
S. Felicita, Barbadori Chapel, 130, 133, 135, 136
S. Lorenzo, 127, 130, 136, 223, (Medici Chapel or New Sacristy) 307, (Old Sacristy) 136
S. Marco, 139, 141, 145
S. Maria Novella, 88, 114, 118, 119–23, 120, 121, 182, (Spanish Chapel) 123
S. Miniato, 103–105, 104, 105, 107, 110, 121, 122, 131, 138, (Cappella del Crocefisso) 142–43, 143
S. Pancrazio, Rucellai Chapel, 182, 185
S. Salvatore al Monte, 311
S. Spirito, 223
palaces: Medici, 141, 142, 142–43, 182, 185, 239
Rucellai, 184, 185
Scala, 190
Strozzi, 239
Vecchio, 119, 239
public buildings: Innocenti (hospital), 130, 133
Loggia di Mercato Nuovo, 323, 324
Loggia del Pesce, 323
Ponte Vecchio, 323
Uffizi, 322, 323
Fontainebleau, 280
Forlì, Gesù, 311
Forlì, Melozzo da, 200
France, 192–93, 263, 280; see also Franks; French
Francesca, della, see Piero della Francesca
Francesco di Giorgio, see Martini
Francis I, 255–56, 263, 300
Franks, 76, 79, 110–11
opus francigenum, 132
French, 132, 197
Friedsam Annunciation, 143–44, 144, 243
Fulda, 74, 78, 79
St Michael, 79, 79, 80, 84, 85, 91
Fulvius, A., Antiquitates, 258
Gaffurio, Franchino, 226, 230, 232, 235, 236–37, 247, 256
Angelicum ac divinum opus, 222, 227
De harmonia, 222, 227
Practica musicae, 222–23
Theoricum opus, 222–23
Gamberino, Antonio da, 242
Gauls, 150
Genazzano, nymphaeum, 241
Genga, Girolamo, 264
Genoa, 128, 315
palaces: Campanella, 316
Doria, 128
Doria Pamfili, 314, 315
Grimaldi (Municipio), 316
Podestà, 316
Spinola (Banco di Chiâvari), 128, 315, 316
streets: Strada Nova, 315–17
villas: Cambiaso, 317
Pallavicino, 317
Gerash, theatre, 56
Germans, 97, 104–11, 124, 132, 194
lavoro tedesco, 306–309
Germigny des Près, Chapel of the Saviour, 76, 78
Gernrode, church, 85, 91, 93
Ghibellines, see Guelphs
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, 146
Giants, Battle of Gods and, 317–19
Giorgione, 225
Giotto, 114–19, 135
Expulsion of the Money-Changers, 116–18, 117
Injustice and Justice, 115, 116, 125
Pentecost, 116–18, 117
giudizio, 224, 264–71, 300, 308
Giunti, Domenico, 312, 321
glory/vainglory, 114, 126, 127
Golden Book, 159–60
golden section, 219
Gombrich, Ernst, 230, 276
Gonzaga, Federigo, 317, 319
Lodovico, 183
Gospel and Epistle, 102
Gothic, 88, 113–29, 132, 192–200, 285, 286, 295, 306; see also arch; Classical architecture; Romanesque
Goths, 150; see also Franks; French; Germans; Lombards; Teutons; Vandals
government, 124, 240, 297–98
grammar, Tuscan, 133
gravitas/grave, 39, 151, 156, 192, 222, 237; see also festivitas
Greece and Greek: ancient, 6, 8–28, 40, 44
Medieval, 67, 68, 69, 90–93, 98, 99, 132, 149, 150, 159–70. See also Byzantium
Gregory the Great, Saint, 70
Grimani, Cardinal, 277, 327
Gritti, Doge Andrea, 297
Guelphs/Ghibellines, 110, 132
Parte Guelfa, 133
guidebooks, 287—97
Guise, Jacques de, 88
Hadrian, see emperors
harmony: musical, 181, 218–19, 226–33, 250, 298, (“concordant discord”) 227, 230, 255
political, 237, 247, 255–56, 298. See also music and architecture
hearing, sense of, 181, 217–19; see also music and architecture
Heaven/Heavenly Jerusalem, 59, 60, 63, 69, 70, 75, 88, 112–14, 119, 242
Heemskerck, Maarten van, 257
Henry IV, see emperors
Herculaneum, 41
heretics, architectural, 265
Herodotus, 15
Heydenreich, Ludwig, 182
Hiero II, of Syracuse, 27
“High Renaissance”: architecture, 264, 269, 271
art, 225
Hildebrand, Bishop, 103
Hildesheim, cathedral, 83
St Michael, 82–83, 83, 84
history, architectural, 122, 149, 176, 243–46, 247, 258, 260–62, 269
secolo, 268–69
Homer, Iliad, 160
Honorius of Autun, 88, 103
Horace, 191
Ars poetica, 40
Satires, 43
Hrabanus Maurus, 6, 74, 85, 86, 87, 90, 147–48, 170
De universo, 74–76, 81
Hugh of St Victor, 102–103
humanists, 131, 146–47, 154, 167
Humbert, Cardinal, 97
hymns, 69, 71
Ictinus, 18
Inda, monastery, 79
Ingelheim, palace and church, 79
inscriptions, 27, 59, 63, 65, 69, 70, 71, 76, 81, 83, 88, 102, 113, 114, 119, 124, 127–28, 131, 205, 207, 211, 235, 255, 303, 315, 316, 319, 322
intagli, 165–69, 290, 294, 300, 306
intonantie, 231–3 2
Ion, 16
Ionians, 12, 15, 16, 18, 28, 35
Ionic dialect, 28
Ionic door, 39, 155
Ionic order, 9, 12–14, 15–18, 19, 23, 28, 34, 41, 68–69, 155, 210–14, 221–22, 273; see also Pulvinate capitals
Iphigeneia, 8
Irminsul, 81—84
Isidore, Bishop of Seville, Etymologies, 74, 147–48, 217
Isthmia, temple, 10
Italic order, 42–48, 150; see also Composite; Romans
Italy and Italian, 16, 28, 43, 110–11, 136, 150, 154; see also Tuscan language
Jerome, Saint, 113
Jerusalem: Dome of the Rock, 200
Holy Sepulchre, 71, 82, 83, 182
Jewish Temple, 116, 200, 206, 252, 262, 301–303, (Beautiful Gate) 220, 220
Temple and Palace of Solomon, 72, 75, 76, 88, 102, 103, 112–13, 127, 192–93, 200, 220, 243, (Iachin and Boaz) 75, 102. See also Heaven; Judaism/Old Testament
Jubilee: of 1450, 192
of 1475, 195
Judaism/Old Testament: Aaron, 102
Abraham, 112
Ark of the Covenant, 76, 81
Babel, Tower of, 112, 113, 114, 116, 127
Babylon, 112, 119
Bezaleel, 76, 79
Brazen Serpent, 102
candelabrum, 81
cherubim, 76, 81, 127, 182
Cities of the Plain, 112
David, 112
Hiram, 75, 76, 192
Lot, 112
Moses, 76, 79, 81, 102
Noah’s Ark, 149, 162
Sodom, 112
Solomon, 79, 85, 112–13, 192–93, 200
Tabernacle, 71, 85. See also Bible; Jerusalem
revival of Old Testament art, 76–81, 91
Judaism versus Christianity/Old Testament versus New Testament, 75–79, 82, 102, 103, 192–93, 243, 260–62
Julian the Apostate, see emperors
Julius II, see popes
Justinian, see emperors
Krautheimer, Richard, 68
laity, see clergy and laity
Landino, Cristoforo, 136, 190
language: Arabic, 207
of architectural description, 268–69
German, in, 159
Greek, 207
Hebrew, 207
Italian, 131, 135 (see also Tuscan language)
Latin, 43, 86, 111, 130–36, 147, 149, 167, 190, 207, 269
Laon, cathedral, 87
lapis angularis, see buildings, parts (copingstones, cornerstones, keystones)
Latin, see language
Laurana, Luciano, 172, 208
law, 124, 131
Lega Italica, 150
Lensi, 133
Leo IV, see popes
Leo X, see popes
Leonardo da Vinci, 171, 175, 216, 218–19, 223, 224, 225, 226
Last Supper, 232, 232, 233, 233, 259
Leone, Leoni, 328
Lepcis Magna, basilica, 57, 58
theatre, 56
letters, 125–26, 287–94, 299–308
Levant, architecture in, 28
Liberi, Antonio, Annunciation, 242, 243, 242–43, 261
Liber Pontificalis, 72
Libri Carolini, 76
licence, 32, 33, 36, 40, no, 181, 265, 274–75, 280–82, 319, 323, 328–30; see also appropriateness; morality; rules
light, 72–73, 87, 90, 113, 123, 155
Lionardi, Gianiacopo, 300
liturgy, 60, 69, 70, 97, 103–104; see also baptism; dedication of a church; eucharist
Lombardo, Pietro, 127
Lombards, 150
Loreto, Basilica della Santa Casa, 128, (organ shutters) 242, 243, 242–43, (Santa Casa) 235, 236
Lorsch, gatehouse, 91, 92
Lotto, Lorenzo, Andrea Udone, 298, 299
Lotz, Wolfgang, 175
Louis the Pious, see emperors
Louis, Saint, 114
Lucca, 110
S. Bartolommeo, 102
S. Frediano, 100, 100–102, 101, 111, 121, 136
S. Maria Forisportam, 102
S. Martino, 111
Lydian mode, 38, 210, 222
Lyons, 280
Lysippus, 34
Macedonia, 9
Machiavelli, Niccolo, Florentine Histories, 248
madness, architectural (furore architettonico), 280
Maffei, Timoteo, 126
Magnesia on the Maeander, temple of Artemis, 23
magnificence (magnificentia, megaloprepeia), 40, 123–26, 127, 146
Mainz, 74
Majano, Giuliano da, 191, 324
Malatesta, Sigismondo, 127
Maltese, Corrado, 171
man: different physical types, 155, 165
opposed to animal, 178. See also column (man and); emotions; expression; face and capital
Manetti, Antonio, Life of Brunelleschi, 130–31
Manetti, Giannozzo, 126, 192–93, 242
maniera, 163, 248, 263
Mantua: city gates, 325
Palazzo del Te, 276, 282, 316, 317, 317–19
S. Andrea, 182
S. Sebastiano, 182
Marignano, Marquis of, 328
Martini, F. di Giorgio: buildings, 191, 191, 200–201
trattati, 171–81
Masaccio, 138, 146
Trinità, 133–35, 134, 136
Pisa Altarpiece, 136–38, 137
mask, rustication as, 281—82
materials, 29–31, 48–51, 200, 211–13, 219, 243, 244, 258, 294
basalt, 94
brick, 48
granite, 44, 51–53, 94
limestone, 31
marble, 12, 13, 14, 15, 30, 44, 48, 51–53, 127, 200, 205, 235
Peperino, see tufa
porphyry, 53, 98
travertine, 31, 51
tufa, 30, 48, 51, 235
wood, 30, 36, 205–206, 242–44, 260, 263, 282–86
mathematics, 33–34, 216
Matilda, Abbess of Quedlinburg, 81
Matilda, Countess of Tuscany, 104–11, 133
Matthias Corvinus, 218
Maxentius, see emperors
Mazone, Giovanni, Adoration, 200, 201
meaning in architecture, see animals; anthropomorphism; appropriateness; asymmetry; bases; bizzaria; building types; character expressed in architecture; Christian figures; Classical architecture, associations of; clergy and laity; clothing and ornament; column; columns; contradictions and contrasts; country versus town; emotions; events, buildings after; exempla; expression; exterior/interior relationships; face and capital; festivitas; giudizio; glory/vainglory; Gospel and Epistle; gravitasi grave; Heaven/Heavenly Jerusalem; heretics, architectural; inscriptions; lapis angularis; licence; madness, architectural; magnificence; man; maniera; mask, rustication as; metaphor in architecture; microcosm/macrocosm; morality and architecture; music and architecture; mystica signification names, significance of; nationalism and architecture; nature and art; novelty, pursuit of; numerology; ornament in architecture; pagan deities and mythological figures; panegyric; qualità; rules; sex in architecture; society; stile; theory of architecture; transformation, expression of; transition, expression of; variety versus unity; victory/triumph; virtù; virtues and vices; virtus; woman
Medici (of Milan), Gian Giacomo, Marquis of Marignano, 328
Giovanni Angelo, see popes (Pius IV)
Medici, family, 323
Cosimo de’, 126, 141, 142–45
Piero de’, 143, 159, 161
Lorenzo de’, 161, 223
Giovanni de’, see popes (Leo X)
Giulio de’, see popes (Clement VII)
Cosimo de’, Duke, 323
Medieval literary tradition, influence of, 147–49, 163, 207, 215
Meglio, Matteo di, 134
Mesopotamia, architecture, 8
metaphor in architecture, 38, 60, 112–13, 148–49, 163, 270, 299–301; see also expression
Michelangelo Buonarroti: buildings, 313, 324, 327–30
sculpture, 225
theory of architecture, 307–308
Michelozzo di Bartolomeo, 128, 133, 136–46, 182, 185, 189, 190, 191
microcosm/macrocosm, 180
Milan, 124–25, 126, 132, 158, 161, 216, 230
cathedral, 132, 222, 229, 328
Palazzo Marino, 317
S. Ambrogio, 102, 225, 226
S. Angelo, 312
S. Lorenzo, 126
S. Maria delle Grazie, 225
S. Maria presso S. Satiro, 225
Villa Simonetta, 321
Miletus, Bouleuterion, 24, 25, 26
Gymnasium, 24, 25
Market Gate, 53, 56
theatre, 56
modes, musical, 209–10; see also Dorian mode; Lydian mode; music and architecture; Phrygian mode
Monte Cassino, abbey, 85
Montefeltro, Federigo di, 127, 172, 200–201
morality and architecture, 39–40, 112–29, 150–57, 161–62, 176, 310, 315–16; see also appropriateness; licence; rules
Moroni, Andrea, 312
Moses, 76, 79, 102; see also Judaism/Old Testament
movement, organization of, 51, 53
music and architecture, 26, 38, 39, 181, 208–15, 216–19, 222, 224, 230–33, 262
Mycenae, Lion Gate, 7, 8, 330
mystica signification, 75, 78, 85
names, significance of, 112, 126, 127, 128, 235; see also Christian figures (Christ); inscriptions
Naples, 171
Castelnuovo portal, 324
Palazzo Caraffa, 127
Porta Capuana, 324
S. Angelo a Nilo, Brancacci Tomb, 138, 138, 140
Villa Poggio Reale, 191
nationalism and architecture, 42–48, 111, 131, 150, 274, 306–309
nature and art, in architecture, 36, 37, 40, 48–51, 152–53, 272–73, 276
Naumburg, cathedral, 88
Nea Anchialos, Basilica A, 69
Neckam, Alexander, 113, 123
Nemea, temple of Zeus, 19
Neo-Classicism, 157–62
Nero, see emperors
New Testament, see Bible; Christianity/New Testament
Niccoli, Niccolo, 131
Nicholas V, see popes
Nicholas of Cusa, 126
Nimes, amphitheatre, 42
Nola, 72, 87
Notger, 76
novelty, pursuit of, 154
numerology, 76
single column as Christ, 81
two capitals, two Testaments, 75
threes and Trinity, 78–79
four evangelists and four projections, 71
sevenfold gift of Holy Spirit and seven altars etc., 79
seven pillars of Wisdom, 214
eight corners for eight days, 69
eight apostles and eight projections, 71
eight columns as beatitudes or virtues, 76, 78, 79
ten columns as ten apostles, 71
eleven columns as eleven apostles, 71
twelve altars/foundations/columns/piers for twelve apostles, 59, 70, 71, 72, 78, 86, 88, 114, 123
twelve columns as twelve Olympians, 71–72
Odo of Metz, 76
Old Testament, see Bible; Judaism/Old Testament
Olympia, 13
games at, 11, 14
Pelopion, 22
Philippeion, 20–22, 21
temple of Hera, 10, 11, 12
temple of Zeus, 10
treasuries, 12
orders
early development of, 3–5, 14, 16–20, 23, 28
words for: in Vitruvius (constituta, genus, mos, opus, ratio), 37
in Alberti {genus, species), 154
in Filarete (qualità, maniera, ragione), 162–63
in Francesco di Giorgio (specie), 178
in Raphael (ordine, maniera), 247; see also Aeolic; Composite; Corinthian; Doric; Etruscan; Ionic; Italic
ordine, as “class,” 247
as “law” and “institution” in Machiavelli, 248
Orestes, 8
ornament in architecture, variation of, 31, 65, 152–53, 155, 180, 306
Orvieto, cathedral, chapel of S. Brizio, 244
Ostia, harbour building, 49
Otto I, see emperors
Ottomans, 82–85, 93
Pacioli, Luca, 216, 217
De divina proportion, 216–24, 220, 225, 235, 242
Summa de arithmetica, 216, 222
Paderborn, Chapel of St Bartholomew, 93
Padua: Arena Chapel, 114–19, 115, 117
Benavides Loggia, 318, 319
city gates, 324
Eremitani, 114, 319, (Benavides Tomb) 319, 319
S. Giustina, 312
Paestum, temple of Hera, 10, 11
“temple of Peace,” 43
pagan deities: and mythological figures: Giants, 317–19
satyrs, 319
Zeus/Jupiter, 317–19
statues: Hercules, 319
Hermaphrodite, 214
temples: Aphrodite, 211–12
Apollo, 34, 319
Asclepius, 19
Athena, 19, 28
Bacchus, 163
Ceres, 163, 221
Diana, 163, 207, 221
Dionysus, 19
Eros, 210;
Faun, 163
Flora, 36, 163
Hercules, 36, 163, 221
Hera, 34
Juno, 163
Jupiter, 48, 155, 221
Mars, 36, 163, 221, 222, 223
Minerva, 36, 48, 163, 221, 222, 223
Nymphs, 36, 221
Pan, 163
Proserpina, 36, 163
sylvan deities, 163
Venus, 36, 163, 210, 221
Vesta, 44
Zeus, 10, 13, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, 59
pagans and Judaeo-Christians, 85, 119, 195
painters as architects, 264
paintings, 39, 70, 218, 223
as commentaries on architecture, 119, 199, 200, 205, 206
Palio at Verona, 326
Palladio, Andrea, 312, 321, 323
Palladium, 44
panegyric, compared to a façade, 56
Panhellenism, 11, 15, 16, 18, 21, 28
Panofsky, Erwin, 143
Paris: cathedral of Notre Dame, 87, 90
Sainte Chapelle, 88, 89, 114, 116
School of, 113
Paschal I, see popes
Paschal II, see popes
Pasti, Matteo de’, 127
patrons, 4, 6, 23, 40, 88, 112–29, 299, 306–308, 310, 323; see also emperors; families; popes; users of buildings
Paul, Saint, language of, 115
Paul III, see popes
Paulinus of Nola, 72, 73, 87
Pavia, 124, 160
Pedretti, Carlo, 219
Peloponnese, 13, 16, 18, 22, 34
Penni, Francesco, Nativity, 260
Pergamum, 23, 28, 47
Heroön, 24, 24, 25, 26
stoa of Athena, 27, 28
temple of Athena, 23; see also Attalids
Pericles, 16, 18
Persia, 15
Persius, 123
perspective and prospettiva, 172, 216, 264
Perugia, Gesù, 311
Perugino, Pietro: Adoration, 205–206, 206
Charge to Peter, 198, 199–200, 205, 244
Pano Altarpiece, 206
Peruzzi, Baldassare, 264, 271, 290, 301
Presentation of the Virgin, 261, 262
Petrarch, 132
Petronius, Satyricon, 51
Petrus Cantor, 113, 123, 124, 149
Phidias, 19
Philip of Macedon, 20–22
Phrygian mode, 38, 210
Pienza, 126, 128
Bishop’s Palace, 185–89
cathedral, 126, 185–89, 186, 187, 193–95, 195, 201
Palazzo Communale, 185–89, 186, 187, 193–95
Palazzo Piccolomini, 185–89, 193–95, 186, 187, 188, 195
Piero della Francesca, 172–73, 216, 218
Pisa, 110
baptistery, 98
cathedral, 98, 99, 102, 110, 121, 131, 136, 223
Pisano, Nicola, 135
Pius II, see popes
Pius IV, see popes
Pizzolpasso, Francisco, 125, 151
Plato, 15, 34, 35, 159–62, 170, 210, 217
Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 74, 85, 207
Plousiapolis, 159–60
poetry versus painting, 218
Poggio a Cajano, Villa Medici, 189, 190
Pola, amphitheatre, 41, 51
Polia, 207–15
Poliphilus, 207–15
Polybius, 277
Polyclitus, 34
Polycrates, 12
Pompeii, 41
amphitheatre, 29, 30
basilica, 29, 29
Pompey, 32
Pontanus, Johannes, 126, 157
popes, 97, 104, 110, 132, 237, 244–45, 250, 324
Sixtus III, 62, 67, 68
Gregory I, 70
Paschal I, 94
Leo IV, 254–60
Paschal II, 96
Eugenius IV, 193
Nicholas V, 147, 185, 192–93, 257
Pius II, 126, 128, 185–89, 193–95
Sixtus IV, 128, 241
Julius II, 229, 241, 242, 250, 259, 314 (see also Rovere, Cardinal Giuliano della)
Leo X, 242, 254–60
Clement VII, 247
Paul III, 314
Pius IV, 327–30
Pozzi, G., 207
Prato, cathedral, 136
S. Maria delle Carceri, 190, 190
Prato, Ser Domenico da, 131, 134
Prato, Giovanni Gherardo da, Paradiso degli Alberti, 131, 132, 133
Priene, Lower Gymnasium, 24
temple of Athena Polias, 23, 34
printing, 172
of Alberti and Vitruvius, 171, 172, 191, 203, 207
of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, 207
of De divina proportioned 216
of Serlio, 263, 326
Pseudo-Dionysius, 87, 90, 113
Ptolemies, 27
Ptolemy IV, 27, 28
Pulvinate capitals, 35, 221; see also column types; Ionic order
Pythagoras, 218, 239
quadratura, 209, 209, 220, 230, 232–33, 233
quadrivium, 218
qualità, 159
Quedlinburg, St Wigbert, 81, 82, 84, 85
Quintilian, Institutiones oratoriae, 38
Quintilianus, Aristides, 210
Raimondi, Marcantonio, Nativity engraving, 260, 260
Rangerius, Bishop of Lucca, 110–11
Raphael, 247–62, 264
Chigi Chapel, 253
letter to Leo X, 247–48
Coronation of Charlemagne, 254, 254–58
Disputa, 259–60
Expulsion of Heliodorus, 249–53, 253
Fire in the Borgo, 254–60, 255
Giving of the Pandects and Decretals, 249–53, 252
Liberation of Saint Peter, 249, 249–53
Mass of Bolsena, 249–53, 251
Saint Paul preaching at Athens, 253
School of Athens, 249—53, 250, 259–60
Ravenna: Mausoleum of Theodoric, 71
Orthodox Baptistery, 69, 91
S. Apollinare in Classe, 69
S. Vitale, 69, 69, 91, 99, 110
refinements, Greek, 11
Regensburg, 78
religion, see Christian figures; Christian orders; Christian subjects; Christianity; Judaism/Old Testament; pagan deities and mythological figures
removal: of capitals, 103
of columns, 30, 31, 59, 65, 70, 72, 91, 103
revivals of Classical Antiquity: fourth century, 68
Carolingian, 91
Italian Renaissance, 126, 130, 189–92, 207–15, 322. See also Neo-Classicism
Rhamnous, temple of Nemesis, 15
Rheims, cathedral, 79, 88, 90
rhetoric, 26, 33, 38, 39, 40, 153–55, 269–71
Asiatic, Attic, and Rhodian, 38, 269
Riario, Cardinal Raffaele (relative of Sixtus IV), 203–205
Ridolfi, Carlo, 303
Rimini: Arch of Augustus, 127, 182
S. Francesco (Tempio Malatestiano), 127, 128, 182, 183, 195
Rinuccini, Cino, 131
Robbia, Luca della, 146
Roman de la rose, 215
Romanesque, 85–86, 116, 122, 193
versus Gothic, 90, 122, 243
Romano, Giulio, 264, 276, 282, 317–19
Destruction of the Giants, 316, 317–19
Romans, 28, 29, 40, 43, 47
government, 277
Rome, 28, 94–96, 125, 128, 150, 158, 192, 322–24
“head of Church,” 258
Sack of, 263
survey of, 247
visits to, 130, 136, 190
Rome, buildings
amphitheatres: Amphitheatrum Castrense, 42
Colosseum, 43–46, 45, 46, 51, 190, 230, 274
aqueducts: Anio Novus, 49–50
Aqua Claudia, 41, 49
arches: of Argentarii, 265
of Augustus, 41
of Constantine, 59, 200
of Septimius Severus, 48
of Titus, 43, 44, 48, 265, 265
Atrium Vestae, 43, 44
basilicas: Aemilia, 197, 243
Argentana, 51
of Maxentius, 70
Ulpia, 51–52
Borgo, 126, 254–60
Castel S. Angelo, loggia, 235
churches: Annunziatina, 311
Gesù, 311, 312, 313
S. Agnese fuori le mura, 63, 66, 66–67, 67
S. Agostino, 196, 197, 200–201
S. Cecilia, 95, 96
S. Clemente, 96
S. Costanza, 44, 59, 61, 70
S. Crisogono, 95
S. Giovanni in Laterano, 62, 68, 72, 193, (Baptistery) 62, 62–63, 63, 99, 107
SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 95, 96
S. Lorenzo in Damaso, 203, 203–204, 205
S. Lorenzo fuori le mura, 63–66, 64, 65, 96
S. Maria in Aracoeli, 96
S. Maria in Cosmedin, 96
S. Maria Maggiore, 67–68
S. Maria sopra Minerva, 197
S. Maria della Pace, 128, 197, (cloister) 225, 228, 229, 229–30, 233, 233
S. Maria del Popolo, 195, 235, (Chigi Chapel) 253, 254
S. Maria in Trastevere, 95, 96
S. Onofrio, 193
S. Paolo fuori le mura, 68
St Peter’s, see below
S. Pietro in Montorio, Tempietto, 233–34, 234
S. Pietro in Vincoli, 68, 128
S. Prassede, 94–96
S. Saba, 96
city gates: 327–30
Porta Maggiore, 41, 49–51, 50
Porta Pia, 327–30, 329
Porta del Popolo, 328, 328–30
Collegio Romano, 311, 313
Domus Flavia, 43–44
Fora: of Augustus, 48–49, 49, 53
of Julius Caesar, 51
Romanum, 53, 256–60
of Trajan, 51–53, 52
Transitorium, 53
Horrea Agrippiana, 51
Ospedale di S. Spirito, 128, 197, 199
palaces: Cancelleria, 202, 203–204, 239
Capitoline, 324
Caprini (Casa di Raffaello), 235–36, 238, 240
Cicciaporci, 240
Farnese, 307, 313, 314, 314
di Giustizia, 240, 240
Vidoni, 240
Pantheon, 51, 53
Renaissance criticism of, 223, 266, 268, 300
Piazza S. Pietro, 256–60
Porticus: Deorum Consentium, 71–72, 72
Iunonia Frumentaria, 49
St Peter’s, 60, 106, 139
old church, 59, 61, 62, 68, 70–71, 96, 192–93
new church, 235, 241–46, 262, 307
representations of, 254
Benediction Loggia, 255, 258
altar house, 235
spiral columns, 223
sarcophagus of Junius Bassus, 71, 71
Tabularium, 30
temples: Apollo Sosianus, 31, 32
Castor and Pollux, 256
Divus Augustus, 41, 68
Divus Claudius, 49, 50, 50
Divus Julius, 41, 68
Fortuna Virilis, 31, 31
Jupiter Capitolinus, 28, 30
Mars Ultor, 41, 49
round temple by Tiber, 31, 31
Unconquered Sun, 59, 72
Venus and Rome, 70
Vesta, 44
Theatre of Marcellus, 31, 32, 41, 51, 190
Tomb of the Haterii, 46
Trajan’s column, 51–53, 52, 68
markets, 51–53. See also Fora (of Trajan)
Vatican, 126, 192–93, 258
Belvedere courtyard, 229–30
Cortile di S. Damaso, 229–30, 230
Sala Regia, 235, 237
Sistine Chapel, 198, 199, 199–200
spiral stair, 229–30, 231
Stanze, 248–60, 248–55
Torre Borgia, 235
tower of Nicholas V, 240
Villa of Innocent VIII, 191
Via Lata, 53
Via Pia, 327
Villa of Bessarion, 191
Rossellino, Bernardo, 128, 185–89, 186, 187, 188, 192–95, 195
Rovere, della, family, 237, 315
Domenico, 128, 205
Francesco, see popes (Sixtus IV); Giovanni, 201
Giuliano, Cardinal, 200–205 (see also popes [Julius II])
Rucellai, Giovanni, 182
Zibaldone, 130
rules, 136, 140, 180, 225, 264–65, 271–72, 280–81, 307, 310, 319, 328–30; see also appropriateness; licence; morality
rustication, 48–51, 163, 185, 239–41, 251, 271–73, 281–83, 288–89, 299–300, 303, 306, 325
Rykwert, Joseph, 19
Sabratha, theatre, 55, 58
St Denis, abbey church, 86–87, 87, 88, 113
St Trond, abbey, 86
Chronicle, 149
Salutati, Coluccio, 125, 133
Samos, temple of Hera, 10, 12
Samothrace: Arsinoeion, 23
Hieron, 23
Sangallo, Antonio, the Younger, 314, 324
Sangallo, Giuliano da, 136, 190–91, 205, 235
Sanmicheli, Michele, 321, 325–26
Sansovino, Andrea, 235
Sansovino, Francesco, guides to Venice, 287–97
Sansovino, Jacopo, 304
Fabbriche Nuove, 323
Libreria, 288, 289, 290–91, 291, 292
Loggetta, 291–94, 293
Palazzo Cornaro, 321
S. Francesco della Vigna, 287, 311, 311
Villa Garzoni, 321
Zecca, 288, 288–90, 290
Santiago de Compostela, cathedral, 88
sarcophagi, 59, 71, 71
Sardis, temple of Sardis, 23
Savona: cathedral, 200
Palazzo della Rovere, 205, 205
Savonarola, 126, 243–44
Saxony, 82
Scaglia, G., 171
Scala, Bartolomeo, 190
science, 33, 174–81
observation in, 163, 179
Scipio, family, 123
Scrovegni, Enrico, 114–19, 126
sculpture, 38, 39, 90, 235, 290–94, 300
Sedulius Scotus, 76, 79
Segromigno Monte, church, 102
Seneca, 51
Serlio, Sebastiano, 6, 230, 246, 263–86
influence of, 287, 290, 295, 298–99, 301, 306–309, 326, 327
sermons, 69, 104, 124, 243–44
sex in architecture, 210–15
Sforza, Francesco, 158, 159
Lodovico, 216, 219
Sforzinda, 159–70, 188
Shearman, John, 255
Sicardus, 88
Sicily, 16, 27
Siena, 171
sight, sense of, 173, 181, 217–19, 220, 223–24, 265–69, 308; see also vision
Silenus, on Doric symmetries, 33
Sixtus III, see popes
Sixtus IV, see popes
Sminthe, temple of Apollo, 23
society: classes of, 26, 166–70, 247
harmony and order in, 26, 157, 282–86, 315–16, 323
status, 310
values, 156, 192
solids, regular, 219
Solomon, see Jerusalem; Judaism/Old Testament
Sophocles, 16
Sovana, “Tomb of Ildebranda,” 43
Spartans, 15, 16, 26
Speyer, cathedral, 85, 108, 109, 109–11
stage design: in Antiquity, 56–58
in Serlio (comic/satiric/tragic), 282–85, 295
stile, 63; see also maniera
Stoics, 37
Strada, Jacopo, 263
sub-Corinthian capital, 142
Sufetula (Sbeitla), Capitolium, 47, 48, 48–49
Suger, Abbot of St Denis, 86–87, 113, 114
Sulla, 30
Sunium, temple of Athena, 15
Syracuse, 27, 28
temple of Apollo, 10, 11
Syria, architecture in, 8
Tasso, Giovanni Battista del, 323
Tegea, temple of Athena Alea, 19, 34
Temple (Jewish), see Jerusalem
templum, ambiguity of word, 127
Teos, temple of Dionysus, 23
Teutons, no Theodoric, see emperors
Theodorus, 33
Theodulf of Orléans, 76
Theophanou, Empress, see emperors
theory of architecture, 3, 5–6, 30, 33, 34, 41, 157
influenced by: ethics, 161–62
music, 181, 208–15, 217–24, 225–35
nationalism, 182
for writings see also Alberti; Alessi; Colonna; Filarete; Hrabanus Maurus; Martini; Michelangelo; Pacioli; Raphael; Serlio
Thermon, temple of Apollo, 10
Thessalonica: Acheiropoietos, 69
St Demetrius, 69, 91
Thucydides, 15, 16
Thurii, 16, 28
Tigler, Peter, 163
Tigzirt, basilica, 68
Titian: Charles V, 304, 308
Crowning with Thorns, 303, 306
Ecce Homo, 303, 307
Last Supper, 304
Philip II, 304
Presentation of the Virgin, 301–303, 302
Supper at Emmaus, 304
Tolentino, Francesco da, see Filelfo
Trajan, see emperors
Tralles, 36
transformation, expression of, 60–61, 100, 114, 116, 121–23; see also transition
transition, expression of, 25, 48–51, 99–108, 121–23
Treviso, 207
Porta S. Tommaso, 324, 324
Trier, cathedral, 70
Tristano, G., 311–12
Troy, 259
Turin, cathedral, 204, 205
Tuscan language, 131, 132–33, 135, 136, 158
Tuscan order, 28, 35, 74, 150, 271–73, 306
base moulding, 194
Tuscan Renaissance, 130–46
Tuscan Romanesque, in, 119, 143–45, 182, 189
Tuscany, 98, 104, 110–11, 122
Udone, Andrea, house and portrait of, 298, 299
Urbino, 127, 171, 225
users of buidings: response of, 4, 176
citizens as, 121, 122, 294–98. See also worshipper
utility, 149, 152, 221
Vaga, Perino del, Destruction of the Giants, 317, 318
Valenciennes, 88
Valturius, De re militari, 172
Vandals, 150
variety versus unity, 180; see also contradictions and contrasts; ornament
Varrò, 33
Vasari, Giorgio, 130, 182, 229, 246, 259, 264, 304–309, 328
buildings, 323
Venice, 6, 127–28, 158
Campanile, 287
Fondaco dei Tedeschi, 320, 323
Forte di S. Andrea, 325
Frari, chapter house, 223
Libreria, 288, 289, 290–91, 291, 292
Loggetta, 291–94, 293, 312, 323
Merceria, 295
Molo, 287, 294–95
Piazza S. Marco, 287
Piazzetta, 294–99, (columns) 223
S. Francesco della Vigna, 287, 311, 311
SS. Giovanni e Paolo, 207
S. Marco, 97, 98, 99, 102–103, 116, 119, 162
S. Maria dei Miracoli, 127
S. Martino, 312
Torre dell’Orologio, 295
Zecca, 287, 288, 288–90, 290
palaces: Ca’ d’Oro, 128
dei Camerlenghi, 321, 323
Cornaro, 321
Dario, 127
Doge’s, 119
Foscari, 128
Malipiero, 128
Trevisan-Capello, 128
Vendramin-Calergi, 128, 287
Verona: amphitheatre, 41, 42, 51
Porte: dei Borsari, 54
dei Leoni, 41, 43, 53, 54, 266
Nuova, 325
Palio, 325–26, 326, 327
Vespasian, see emperors
victory/triumph, expressed in architecture, 21, 27, 44, 46, 47, 48, 53, 59, 64–65, 71–72, 243, 274
Vignola, Giacomo Barozzi da, 3
Villani, Giovanni, 130, 132
Vio, Tommaso da, 242
Virgil: Aeneid, 40, 43, 259
Georgies, 40
virtù, 172, 273
virtues and vices, 114, 126
virtus, 36, 38, 39, 51, 126
Visconti, family, 124–45
Giovanni, 124
Azo, 124–25, 126, 127
Gian Galeazzo, 132
vision, organization of, 53–58; see also sight
visual arts, versus aural, 259–60
visual experience, shared, 4
visual pleasure, 155
Vitruvius, De architectura, 6, 19, 26, 33–40, 41, 42, 44, 74, 91, 93, 126, 133, 147, 149, 153, 163, 170, 172, 174, 178, 203, 207, 219, 230–32, 264–65, 307
volgare, see Tuscan language
Voragine, Jacopo da, 301
Wirth, P., 93
wisdom, 76, 214
Wittkower, Rudolf, 182
woman, architecture associated with, 16, 19, 67, 68, 156, 210–14, 220–21, 235, 273
maschio occasionato, 180
worshipper, response of, 60–61, 69–70, 102, 103, 104–105, 111, 121, 122, 220–21, 245–46
Wurzburg, cathedral, 102
Xanten, cathedral, 88
Zorzi, Francesco, 312