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Description: The Landscape of Belief: Encountering the Holy Land in Nineteenth-Century American...
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PublisherPrinceton University Press
https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00149.017
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Index
Abbott, Henry, 224n35
Abd ul-Mejid, 8
Adams, George Jones, 39–41, 39, 49, 223n29
African-Americans, 22–23
African Methodist Episcopal Church, 209
Albany, N.Y., 56
Albion College, 89
Albright, William E, 36
Alden, Isabella, 90, 92
Alexandria, 28, 30, 105, 172, 227n30
Allston, Washington, 19–20, 104, 220n19
WORKS: Belshazzar’s Feast, 19–20, 19
Allyn, Timothy Mather, 241n54
American Academy of the Fine Arts, 56–57
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, 28, 47, 64
American Christian Missionary Society, 146
American Colony in Jerusalem, 33, 35, 222n16
American Ethnological Society, 112–13, 115
American flag, 33
American Geographic and Statistical Society, 71, 116, 119
American Palestine Exploration Society, 36, 186–87, 195, 225n3, 241n46
American School of Oriental Research, 36
American Society of Painters in Water Colors, 152
American University of Beirut, 173, 185, 239n11
Andover Theological Seminary, 28, 35–36
Andrews, Joseph, 231n5
Anshutz, Thomas, 231n5
Antwerp, 133
Appleton, Thomas G., 4, 187
Athens, 204, 211
Avery, Kevin J., 226n19
 
Baalbek, 33, 109, 173, 182, 204, 239n23
Babylon, 20
Bachelard, Gaston, 92
Bain, Robert E. M., 77–88, 96, 200, 208, 229n9
WORKS: The Arch of the Ecce Homo, Jerusalem, 80, 80
     Ancient Bronze Doors, Tiberias, 84–86, 85
     Dervish Beggars, 87–88, 88
     Flocks Near the Pit into Which Joseph Was Thrown by His Brethren, 83–84, 84
     Inn of the Good Samaritan, 78, 79
     The Lower Pool of Solomon, 80–81, 81
     Military Mosque, Damascus, 87
     Mount Tabor, 78, 79
     Rock upon Which Jesus Leaned, 82
     Ruins of the Synagogue at Capernaum, 200, 201
     The Spot where Christ Prayed—Garden of Gethsemane, 82–83, 82, 96
     The Tower of Jezreel, 84, 85
     Wall of Tiberias, 87
     A Woman of Samaria, 86–87, 86
Baltimore, Md., 70, 115–16, 125
Banvard, John, 34, 63, 65–72, 133, 159, 167, 208, 227n28, n30, 228n32, n35, n40
WORKS: panorama of Jerusalem, 66, 227n30
     panorama of the Holy Land, 34, 65–70, 228n32, n35
     panorama of the Mississippi River, 66–68
     panorama of Venice, 66
     Sea of Galilee, 71–72, 71
Baptist Church, 128
Baptist Theological Seminary, Chicago, 163
Barclay, James T, 73–75, 146–47, 176, 186
WORKS: The City of the Great King, 73, 176
     panorama of Jerusalem and the Holy Land, 73
Bartlett, W H., 176
Barrett, Benjamin Fiske, 105–6, 119–20, 124, 233n47
Barrows, John Henry, 153, 157, 161–62, 236n1, 237n9
Baym, Nina, 45
Beardsley, Richard, 225n55
Beauboucher, Victor, 225n55
Beecher, Henry Ward, 153
Beirut, 28–29, 109, 129, 133, 168, 173, 176, 178, 182, 223n29, 235n34
Benjamin, S. G. W, 204–5
Bercovitch, Sacvan, 20, 219n2
Bermingham, Ann, 192
Bethany, 191
Bethany College, 127–28, 137, 145–48, 235n45
Bethlehem, 16, 37, 68, 77, 109, 209
Beverley, Robert, 14, 220n5
Bierstadt, Albert, 159, 228n4
WORKS: The Rocky Mountains, 159
Bierstadt, Charles, 74, 228–29n4
Bird, Arthur, 3–4
Bird, Isaac, 64
Bjelajac, David, 19–20
Blakelock, Ralph, 231n5
Bonaparte, Napoleon, see Napoleon Bonaparte
Borthwick, Cunningham, 178, 240n26
Bosnia, 9
Boston, 19, 54, 56, 59, 67–68, 70, 73, 133, 226n10, 227n27, 240n41
Boston Athenaeum, 71
Boston Public Library, 213
Bradbury, Kate, 242n80
Bradford, Cornelius, 29
Branham, Joan R., 83
Bridgman, Frederick, 219n5
Brooklyn, N.Y., 70, 94, 167, 227n27, 228n36, 229n7
Brooklyn Academy of Design, 153
Brooklyn Art Association, 239n25
Broun, Elizabeth, 237n27
Brown, Henry Kirke, 104
Bryant, William Cullen, 224n37
Buffalo, N.Y., 152, 228n43
Bulgaria, 9
Buncher, Charles, 161
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm, 158
Burford, Robert, 59, 226n18
Bursa, 111
Burt, Nathaniel Clark, 185
Bushnell, Horace, 175, 204, 239n19
 
Cairo, 8–9, 59, 107, 173
Calhoun, John C., 37
Campbell, Alexander, 127–28, 137, 145–48, 234n19, 235n40, 236n47
Canning, Stratford, 111
Capernaum, 129
Carr, Dabney, 111
Carr, Gerald, 240n25
Cass, Lewis, 32
Catherwood, Frederick, 14, 56, 59, 62–65, 68–71, 226n15, n18, 226–27n21, 227n22
WORKS: panorama of Jerusalem, 34, 56, 59, 62–65, 62, 69, 226n17–18
     A View in the Interior of the Mosque of Omar, 226–27n21
Catlin, George, 142, 235n29
Catskill, N.Y., 169
Century Club, New York City, 193, 239n25
Champney, Elizabeth, 48
Champney, James Wells, 48
Chandler, Zachariah, 162
Charles 1, 14
Chautauqua, N.Y., 78, 89–97, 123, 167, 217, 229–30n19–20, 230n24–25
Cheever, George B., 150
Cherry, Conrad, 13
Chicago, 50, 152, 161, 186, 227n27, 228n43, 238n29
Chicago Academy of Fine Arts, 239n25
Christadler, Martin, 201
Church of the Ascension, New York City, 214
Church of the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 44, 50, 62–63, 68, 69, 186, 190, 212, 228n35
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, see Mormons
Church, Frederic Edwin, 7, 28, 33, 40, 43, 45, 61, 149, 159, 168–208, 210, 212, 222n15, 238n2, 238–39n8, 239n11–12, n15, 239–40n24–25, 241n46, n54, n62, 242n69, 243n7
WORKS: The Aegean Sea, 204–5, 205
     The Andes of Ecuador, 199, 241n57
     Anti-Lebanon, 178, 178, 180, 182, 184, 197, 202, 239–40n25, 242n77
     Aurora Borealis, 184
     Chimborazo, 184
     Classical Ruins, Syria, 180–81, 180
     A Composition, 201, 202
     Cotopaxi, 174, 175, 184, 199–200
     Damascus from the Heights of Salchiyeh, 182–90, 197, 200, 212, 240n33, n42
     El Khasné, Petra, 193–97, 241n62, 242n65, pl. 7
     Heart of the Andes, 159, 160, 174, 181, 184, 189, 204, 226n9, 237n20, 240n37
     Hooker and Company Journeying through the Wilderness from Plymouth to Hartford, in 1636, 169–71, 170
     Icebergs, 184
     Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, 61, 179, 185–93, 187, 196–97, 200, 212, 240n42, 241n51, n54, n57, pl. 5
     key to, 190–91, 190
     Moonrise in Greece, 202, 203, 242n77
     Morning in the Tropics, 197
     Moses Viewing the Promised Land, 169–71, 170
     Mountains of Edom, 193–94, 193-197
     Mountains of Lebanon, see Ruins at Baalbek; Niagara, 184, 189
     Niagara Falls, from the American Side, 172, 189
     Our Banner in the Sky, 222n15
     Our Flag, 222n15
     The Parthenon, 188
     Ruins at Baalbek, 177–78, 177, 180, 182, 239n23
     Sunrise in Syria, 197, 199, 242n70
     Syria by the Sea, 197–202, pl. 6
     Syria—Ruins by the Sea, 205, 206
     Syrian Landscape, see Anti-Lebanon; Temple of Bacchus, Baalbek, see Anti-Lebanon; To the Memory of Cole, 181
     Two Bedouin, 195, 242n65
     Tropical Moonlight, 197, 198
     Twilight in the Wilderness, 181
     Valley of Lebanon, see Anti-Lebanon’, View from the Mountains toward Damascus, Syria, 183, 183
     View of Cotopaxi, 172
     West Rock, New Haven, 171–72, 171
Church, Isabel, 33, 172–73, 188, 190–91, 194, 238n8, 239n12
Church, Richard, 169
Cincinnati, Ohio, 103–5, 107, 152, 231n4
Civil War, 7, 23–24, 39, 41, 44–45, 48–49, 72, 74, 101, 134, 151, 172, 192, 207, 217, 222n15, 234n14, 235n40, 236n46, n4, 237n28, 240n37
Claude Lorrain, 72, 242n70
Clemens, Samuel, 40–41, 46, 50–51, 182–83
Cleveland, Ohio, 73, 115, 125, 158, 234n51
Clevinger, Shobal Vail, 105
Coale, Jr., S. A., 161, 237n25
Cole, Thomas, 3–4, 24, 56–57, 72, 113, 169, 181, 185, 201–2, 204, 212, 219n5, 238n2, n6, 240n30, n37
WORKS: The Angel Appearing to the Shepherds, 56–57, 36
     Course of Empire, 24, 23, 57, 72, 113, 201–2, 204
     The Cross and the World, 169, 185
     “The Lament of the Forest,” 181, 240n30
     The Oxbow, 240n37
Colman, Samuel, 231n5
Columbia College, 29, 32
Congregationalism, 20, 35, 162, 221n21, 241n54
Constantinople, 7, 9, 43, 111, 129, 142, 173, 204, 210, 223n29
Constitution, U.S.S., 32
consuls, 29, 37, 39, 48, 133, 153, 222n9, 223n22, n29, 225n55, 227n30
Cotton, John, 14
Cranch, John, 231n5
Cresson, Warder, 37
Cropsey, Jasper, 202–4, 223n26
WORKS: The Millennial Age, 223n26
     Spirit of Peace, 202, 203
Currier and Ives, 68
WORKS: Entrance to the Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 69
 
Damascus, 9, 42, 109, 129, 135, 139, 173, 176, 182–83, 204
Danforth, John, 13
Darwin, Charles, 89, 94, 174–75, 202, 217, 239n15
Davies, Arthur B., 167
Day, F. Holland, 230n29
De Forest, John William, 196
De Forest, Lockwood, 212–13, 243n7
WORKS: Coast Scene, 212–13, 213
De Lancey, Edward Floyd, 176–77, 186, 239n23
De Vrie’s Gallery, Boston, 240n41
Dead Sea, 21, 33, 43, 50, 68, 109, 118, 129, 132–33, 137, 141–44
Delaware, U.S.S., 17, 32, 222n9
DeHass, Frank, 195, 202
Democratic Party, 20, 29, 32, 104
Detroit, Mich., 161
Dickie, George, 175
Disciples of Christ, 7, 73, 127–28, 146–47, 186
Diness, John Mendel, 74
Dodge, D. Stuart, 40, 173, 239n11
Dodge, Ellen Ada, 173, 185
Dodge, William E., 241n46
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 59, 62, 154, 157, 163–64, 212, 227n21
Dotterer, A. E, 74
Dunlap, William, 231n9
Durand, Asher B., 104
Durand, John, 231n5
Düsseldorf, 153
 
Earthly Footsteps of the Man of Galilee, 77–89, 97, 208, 229n9
Eckstein, Frederick, 103
Edson, James L., 161
Eliade, Mircea, 119–20, 122, 143, 191
Elmendorf, Dwight, 229n7
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 236n46
Episcopal Church, 103, 176
Evans, Thomas, 54
Evarts, William Maxwell, 151, 236n4
 
Fairman, Evelina, 237n28
Fairman, George, 237n22, n20
Fairman, James, 7, 149–68, 130, 191, 208, 210, 213, 217, 230n1, 235n45, 236n3–4, n7, n9, 237n14, n26, n28, 238n29, n34
WORKS: Alpine Landscape with River, 154, 134
     Cows in a Pasture, 161
     The Damascus Gate, Jerusalem, 154
     Figures in a Middle Eastern Landscape, 157, 158, 66–66
     The Holy Land, 157
     Jaffa, 157, 157
     Jerusalem, 154, 136, 165
     Jerusalem from Aceldama, 163
     Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives, 154, 133, 166
     Mount Moriah, Jerusalem, 162
     Mount of Olives from Mount Zion, 66–63
     The Mussulman’s Call to Prayer, 163–65, 164, pl. 2
     The Plains of Sharon, 161
     Sunset, 165–66, pl. 4
     Sunset over the City of Jerusalem, 167
     The Valley of Jehoshaphat, 154
     View of Aceldama, 154
     View of Jerusalem, 154, 133–36, 166
     Wetterhorn, Switzerland, see Alpine Landscape with River
Fairman, Sarah, 237n28
Field, Cyrus W, 241n46
Fisk, Pliny, 28
Florence, 42, 105, 115, 233n42
Foucault, Michel, 61
Fowler, Alexander, 173
Fowler, Frederick R., 227n30
Franklin, Benjamin, 15, 236n46
Free Religious Association, New York City, 211
Frémont, John C., 21
Frère, Edouard, 178–79
Frère, Théodore, 178–79
WORKS: Jerusalem, View from the Valley of Jehoshaphat, 179, 179
Frosch, Karl, 228n43
 
Gates, T. G., 233n32
Geikie, Cunningham, 175–76, 239n19
George 111, 14
Georgetown, Ky., 127
Gifford, Sanford, 28, 210–12
WORKS: Jaffa Gate, David’s Tower, 211
     Ruins of the Parthenon, 211
Gilpin, William, 17
Glasgow, 150
Glueck, Nelson, 37
Gould, Stephen Jay, 175, 231n12
Goupil’s Gallery, New York City, 183, 188, 190, 193, 239n25
Granet, François Marius, 135
WORKS: Choir of the Capuchin Church of Santa Maria della Concezione in Rome, 135, 136
Grant, Allen, 175
Grayson, Andrew Jackson, 21–22
Gunn, Giles, 17
 
Hall, S. C., 162, 237n26
Hamilton College, 35
Haram al-Sharif, Jerusalem, 62–63, 69, 163
Harrisburg, Pa., 30
Hart, William, 152
Hartford, Conn., 200, 241n54
Harvard University, 15, 35
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 43
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, 151–52
Heade, Martin Johnson, 172–73
Hebron, 109
Heine, Wilhelm, 228n43
Herzegovina, 9
Hicks, Thomas, 41–43, 224n35
WORKS: Bayard Taylor, 41, 42, 43, 224n35
Higginson, Francis, 14
Hill, James J., 161
Holden, L. E., 234n51
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 74–75
Hooker, Thomas, 169
Hopkins, Edward, 14
Hopkins, Mark, 15
Hovenden, Thomas, 17
WORKS: Jerusalem the Golden, 17, 18
Howe, Julia Ward, 23
Humboldt, Alexander von, 175, 204
Hunt, William Holman, 144–45, 235n34
WORKS: The Scapegoat, 144–45, 145, 235n34, n37
Huntington, David, 171
Hurdus, Adam, 103
Husch, Gail, 204
Hyde, Orson, 22
Hyers, Laurence, 54
 
Inness, George, 185, 231n5, 240n41
WORKS: New Jerusalem, 240n41
Inness, George, Jr., 231n5
Israel, Michael Boaz, see Cresson, Warder
Istanbul, see Constantinople
 
Jackson, Andrew, 20, 104
Jaffa, 17, 32–33, 39–40, 49, 95, 153–54, 173, 212–13, 222n9, 223n29
James, Henry, 153
James, William, 74
WORKS: Mount Olivet, 75
Jarves, James Jackson, 159
Jefferson, Thomas, 15
Jeffersonville, Ind., 104
Jericho, 109, 137
“Jerusalem” (poem), 24
Jerusalem, 8–9, 15–16, 19–20, 22, 24, 28–30, 32–33, 37, 43–44, 48–50, 54–55, 59–69, 73, 75, 81, 95, 109–10, 120, 129, 133, 138–39, 146–47, 149, 153–57, 163–67, 173, 179, 186–92, 204, 208, 210, 212, 223n22, n29, 225n55, n5–6, 232n15, 235n41
Jesup, Morris K., 239n11, 241n46
Jewett, William, 21–22, 171
WORKS: The Promised Land—The Grayson Family, 21, 22, 171, 221n23
Jordan River, 43–44, 75, 109, 137–38, 142–43, 186, 225n3, 234n19
 
Kansas City, Mo., 162
Keith, Alexander, 76
Keith, William, 231n5
Kellogg, Charles, 103
Kellogg, Miner Kilbourne, 7, 28, 42–43, 101–26, 102, 149, 153, 168, 208, 230–31n1–2, 232n13, n16, n23, 232–33n28–29, 233n42, 233–34n47–48, 234n51
WORKS: An American Gentleman, in the Costume of a Bedouin Sheikh—Mount Sinai in the Background, 115, 232n27
     Beirout and Mt. Lebanon, 115, 232n27
     Christ and the Woman of Samaria, 125
     Hagar Expelled, 125
     Jerusalem, 109, 109
     Mount Sinai and the Valley of Es-Seba’iyeh, 101–3, 115–20, 116, 124–25, 233n29
     Nile, 3rd and 4th Views, 106, 107
     Self-Portrait, 102
     Sketch of the Artist Camped Outside Jerusalem, 110–11, 110, 232n15
     The Sphinx, 123, 123
     Sphynx with Pyramids of Ghizeh, 106, 108, 123
     St. JohnDescent of the New Jerusalem, 120, 121, 122–23, 233n42
     The Top of Mount Sinai with the Chapel of Elijah, 121–24, pl-1; View of Theban Mountains, 106, 108
Kellogg, Sheldon, 107, 232n15
Kellogg, Virginia, 124, 234n48
Kilburn, Benjamin West, 74
WORKS: Tilling the Soil in Palestine, 140
King, Edward, 232n27
King, Jonas, 28
Kitto, John, 115
 
La Farge, John, 214
Lakeside, Ohio, 90
Landis, John, 29–30, 222n6
WORKS: Jesus in the Upper Room, 30, 31
     Madonna and Child Visiting the Family of John the Baptist, 30, 31
     A Treatise magnifying, lauding and applauding God! and extolling the Redemption, by the Sister Arts of Poetry and Painting, with Sacred Poetical Effusions, 30
Langdon, Samuel, 15
Lawrence, Mass., 236n9
Layard, Austen Henry, 111–13, 232n16, n22
Lear, Edward, 48
Lears, T. J. Jackson, 94
Lee, James W, 77–78, 83, 86–88
Lee, Robert E., 23
Leutze, Emanuel, 185
Lincoln, Abraham, 14, 23–24, 49
Lohr, August, 228n43
London, 56, 59, 127, 150, 153, 159, 172, 184, 225n5, 226n18, 234n48
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 184
Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 95–97
Lovell, Margaretta, 214–15
Lucas, George, 179
Lyell, Charles, 174, 181–82
Lynch, William E, 33, 72, 133, 141–43, 235n31
Lyons, 29
 
Macbeth, William, 167, 209
Macmillan, Hugh, 125
Mahmud 11, 8
Manifest Destiny, 17
Manthorne, Katherine, 240n37
Marseilles, 172
Martin, Homer D., 167
Martin, John, 57, 185
WORKS: Belshazzar’s Feast, 57, 58
Marx, Karl, 217
Mather, Cotton, 14, 169
Maynard, Edward, 233n29
McCosh, James, 175, 239n19
McEntee, Jervis, 168, 188–89, 238n1, 239n12, 242n69
McLean, L. M., 184
McMillan, James, 162
Mecca, 70, 164
Melrose, Andrew, 183, 240n37
WORKS: Damascus, 183, 184
     Jerusalem and Mount of Olives from the Road to Bethany, 240n37
     Morning in the Andes, 240n37
     The Oxbow, 240n37
     Sea of Galilee, 240n37
Melville, Herman, 43–45, 143
Meshullum, John, 38
Methodist Episcopal Church, 18, 77
Metropolitan Museum of Art, 115, 233n29
Millennialism, 20, 28, 37–39, 146, 204, 221n29, 223n26, 235n31
Miller, Angela, 181
Miller, Perry, 19
Miller, William, 38
Millman, Henry Hart, 66–67
Milwaukee, Wis., 228n43
Minneapolis, Minn., 161
Minor, Clorinda S., 38
missionaries, 6, 9, 28–29, 35, 47, 51, 109, 173, 222n13, 235n41
Mississippi River, 55, 66
Moab, Utah, 21
Mobile, Ala., 134
Monroe Doctrine, 4
Montreal, 152, 234n8
Moore, Deborah Dash, 5, 219n7
Moravians, 66
Mormons, 20–22, 39
Morris, Robert, 49–51, 64, 140, 173, 200
Mosque of al-Aqsa, Jerusalem, 163–64
Mount Hor, 200
Mount Horeb, 113, 118
Mount of Olives, 22, 48, 63, 68, 75, 109, 119, 154, 157, 163–64, 188, 190–91, 200, 217
Mount Sinai, 107, 113–19, 121–22
Mount Tabor, 78, 109, 119
Muhammad ʿAli, 8, 30
Murphy, J. Francis, 167
 
Nablus, 109
Naples, 104
Napoleon Bonaparte, 8, 20, 216
Nashville, Tenn., 66
National Academy of Design, 7, 41, 71, 150, 152, 188, 194, 205, 227n21, 228n40, 230n1, 233n32, 235n37, 241n62
Native Americans, 14, 20, 142, 220n6
Nazareth, 68, 109
New Bedford, Mass., 227n27
New Harmony, Ind., 104
New Haven, Conn., 240n42
New Jerusalem Church, see Swedenborgianism
New Orleans, 23, 133–34
New York City, 7, 14, 32, 34–35, 54–57, 59, 63, 66–67, 70–71, 113, 115–16, 133, 150–53, 161–62, 177–78, 180, 186–87, 204, 225n5, 226n11, n17–18, 227n27, 228n43, 236n2, n7
Newhall, Ebenezer, 20, 221n21
Nile River, 43, 105–6, 211
Noah, Mordecai M., 14
Noble, Louis, 174
Norwood, Mass., 230n29
Novak, Barbara, 239n15
 
Ocean Grove, N.J., 230n19
Olana, 175, 194, 200, 204–7, 242n80
Olivet, see Mount of Olives
Olivet College, 159, 162–63, 238n29
Osborn, William, 173–74, 177–78, 182, 194, 197, 204–5, 239n24, 240n26, 242n69
Ostrander, J. S., 92, 223n24
Ottoman Empire, 7–9, 28, 30, 40, 165, 187, 211
Owen, Robert, 104
 
Page, William, 122–23, 231n5
WORKS: Moses, Aaron, and Hur on Mount Horeb, 122–23
Palestine Exploration Fund, 48, 186
Palmer, Benjamin M., 23, 134, 146
Palmer, Erastus Dow, 193–94
panoramas, 6, 15, 34, 53–56, 59–73, 110, 118, 133, 149, 159, 167, 189, 225n4–6, 227n27–30, 228n32, n35, n43
Paris, 56, 115, 129, 153, 162, 172, 217
Parry, Ellwood, 182, 225n5
Parsons, Levi, 28
Patterson, Daniel T., 222n9
Peabody Institute, Baltimore, 116
Pearce, Charles S., 219n5
Pennsylvania Academy of The Fine Arts, 30, 232n27
Perrine, William Henry, 89
Pestalozzi, Johann, 104
Petra, 32, 34, 128, 173, 176, 193–96, 204, 242n64
Phelps, William Walter, 185, 240n33
Philadelphia, 37, 70, 152, 183, 227n27, 228n43, 232n27
Pickett, Joseph Desha, 128
Piglheim, Bruno, 228n43
Pisa, 49
Pittsburgh, Pa., 152
Polk, James K., 104
Poole, William, 94
Post, George E., 222n13
Powers, Hiram, 42, 101, 103, 105–6, 111, 113, 115, 120–21, 232n23
WORKS: Greek Slave, 101, 113
Pratt, Henry Cheever, 117–18, 227n27
WORKS: Moses on the Mount, 117–18, 117
     panorama of the Garden of Eden, 227n27
Prendergast, Maurice B., 167
Presbyterians, 47, 103, 128–29, 162, 242n69
Prime, William Cowper, 45–46, 46, 64, 71, 133, 141, 176, 224n47
Providence, R.I., 73
Puritans, 4, 13–14, 17, 20, 23–24, 37, 40, 169, 217
Pyle, Howard, 231n5
 
Quaker City, 41
Quakers, 37
 
Raboteau, Albert, 23
Rapelje, George B., 29
Rau, William H., 33
WORKS: E. Wilson Seated atop the Great Pyramid, with American Flag Jacket, 33, 34
Rawson, Albert, 28
Read, Hollis, 23
Red Sea, 13, 15, 23, 119, 169
Republican Party, 3, 151, 162, 236n2, 237n28
Rhodes, Albert, 48
Richards, Alexander Keene, 127–29, 132–35, 137, 145, 234n19
Roberts, David, 57
WORKS: Departure of the Israelites from Egypt, 57, 58
Robinson, Edward, 16, 18, 29, 32, 34–37, 47, 64, 113, 115–17, 141, 176
Rodolph of Fulda, 191
Rogin, Michael Paul, 44, 224n43
Roman Catholicism, 28–29, 46, 147, 151, 176, 186, 224n48
Rome, 173–74, 183–84
Roosevelt, Theodore, 89
Ropes, Joseph, 125, 231n5
Rossetti, William Michael, 144
Round Lake, N.Y., 90
Royal Academy, London, 232n27, 235n37
Ruskin, John, 125–26, 144
 
Said, Edward W, 229n17
San Francisco Art Association, 236n7
Sargent, John Singer, 213–18
WORKS: Near the Mount of Olives, 217, 66–17
     Palestine, 216, 216, 217
     The Plains of Esdraelon, 214, 215–17
     The Triumph of Religion, 213–14
Schaff, Philip, 221n22
Schlegel, Fridolin, 45
WORKS: Braheem Effendi, Portrait of William C. Prime, 45, 46
Sea of Galilee, 71–72, 87, 109, 129, 137, 142, 153
Sea of Tiberias, see Sea of Galilee
Second Great Awakening, 19, 38
Selim in, 8
Shakers, 105
Shaw, Joshua, 227n27
WORKS: panorama of the Holy Land, 227n27
Sidon, 24, 109
Sinai, 16, 21, 32, 43, 59, 102, 107, 109, 119, 173, see also Mount Sinai
Smith, E. Delafield, 150, 236n2
Smith, Eli, 36
Smith, Henry, 162
Smith, Joseph, 21
Social Darwinism, 95
Solomon-Godeau, Abigail, 229n10
Spafford, Anna, 222n16
Spafford, Horatio, 222n16
Spencer, Morton, 94
Spring Hill College, 134
Springfield, Ill., 153
Springfield, Mass., 39
St. Augustine, Fla., 94
St. Louis, Mo., 66–67, 77, 95–96, 152–53, 161
St. Paul, Minn., 161
Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, 176, 188
Steendam, Jacob, 14
Stephens, John Lloyd, 32–34, 37, 43
Stereo photography, 74–76, 228n3
Stillman, William, 231n5
Strong, James, 74
Swedenborg, Emanuel, 103, 105–6, 112, 119–20, 124–25, 231n5, 233n37
Swedenborgianism, 7, 103–6, 112, 119–22, 124–25, 231n4–5, 233n37, 233–34n47–48
Syrian Protestant College, see American University of Beirut
 
tableaux vivants, 94–95
Tanner, Benjamin Tucker, 209
Tanner, Henry Ossawa, 208–10, 213
WORKS: The Good Shepherd, 209, 210, 213
Tarbell, Ida M., 230n20
Taylor, Bayard, 41–43, 42, 45, 244n35
Taylor, Joseph Inskeep, 33, 49
Taylor, Joshua, 122–23, 233n37
Thompson, Cephas G., 231n5
Thompson, J. P., 113
Thomson, William McClure, 45–48, 77, 106, 138, 140, 173, 201, 224n50
Toledo, Ohio, 115
Towle, Eunice M., 231n5
Troy, Charles de, 133
Troye, Edward, 7, 34, 41, 127–49, 162, 168, 191, 215, 235n34, n37
WORKS: Bashan Cattle, 235n26
     Bazaar in Damascus, 129, 130, 133, 135, 137
     The Dead Sea, 129, 132, 134–35, 137–39, 141–45, 191, 215, pl. 2.
     John Bascombe, 128, 135
     River JordanBethabara, 129, 131, 135, 66–38
     The Sea of Tiberius, 129, 131, 135, 137–38
     Self-Portrait in a Carriage, 135–37, 136
     Syrian Ploughman, 129, 132, 135, 137, 139–40
Tuckerman, Henry, 191–92
Turner, Joseph Mallord William, 158, 182, 184, 199, 204
Twitchell, A. W, 233n32
WORKS: Moses on the Mount, 233n32
Tyre, 24
 
Underwood and Underwood, 75–76
Union Theological Seminary, 35
Unitarianism, 35, 103, 211, 221n21, 241n54
United States Navy, 30, 33, 118, 141, 222n9
Universalism, 103
Urry, John, 6
Utica, N.Y., 152
 
Vanderlyn, John, 55, 63, 104, 227n22
WORKS: panorama of Versailles, 63, 227n22
Van Buren, Martin, 104
Van Lennep, A. O., 92, 223n24
Vassar College, 235n45
Veblen, Thorstein, 230n27
Venice, 66, 205, 210, 214
Victoria I, 66
Vienna, 36
Vincent, John Heyl, 18, 77–78, 89, 92
Vogel, Lester Irwin, 211–22n2, 228n3
 
Wakeman, Samuel, 14
Wales, Salem H., 162
Walker, J. M., 178
Wallach, Alan, 61
Warren, Charles, 48–49, 186, 189, 220n12
Warren, Henry White, 16–18
Washington, D.C., 115–16, 142, 233n29, 234n8
Washington, George, 14
Webster, Daniel, 20
Weeks, Edwin Lord, 219n5
Weir, Robert W, 104
West, Benjamin, 57
WORKS: Death on a Pale Horse, 57
West Point, N.Y., 104
Whichelo, John, 57, 61
WORKS: Destruction of Jerusalem, 57, 60, 61
Whig Party, 20
White, John, 14
Whiting, George B., 64
Whittredge, Worthington, 143
WORKS: Graves of Travellers, Fort Kearney, Nebraska, 143, 144
Wilkie, David, 28
Williams College, 15
Williams, John I., 227n27
WORKS: panorama of the Bible, 227n27
Williams, Milo, 103
Williams, Roger, 219–20n4
Willis, Nathaniel Parker, 3–4
Wilson, Edward L., 87, 143, 196, 222n13
Winthrop, John, 14–15
Winthrop, Theodore, 174
Wood, Henry, 133
Wright, John Kirkland, 83, 229n13
Wythe, W. W., 89, 229n19
 
Yale University, 185
 
Zelinsky, Wilbur, 17
Zionism, 23