Index

Kalavrezou, Ioli

Save Cite Share

Free

Index

Ioli Kalavrezou

Byzantine Women and Their World

Index

Author

Ioli Kalavrezou

PublisherHarvard Art Museums

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00029.021

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-18212

Index

Aaron, Old Testament priest, 108 (cat. 48)

abortion, 165, 276–78

Abyzou. See Gylou

Adam and Eve, 18–19, 140, 148 (cat. 71), 215

adultery, 143, 218–19

Aelia, 89, 92

Aetios of Amida, 277–78

agriculture, 18–19, 31, 140

Akathistos hymn, 113

Akropolites, Constantine, 210

Alexander the Great, 289

Alexios, Saint, 217, 226

Alexios I Komnenos, emperor, 29, 30, 63, 68, 107, 310

almsgiving, 72, 90–91 (cat. 32)

Amazon, 48, 181–82 (cat. 97)

Ammianus, Marcellinus, chronicler, 49

amphoriskos, 191–92 (cat. 103)

amulets, 283–84 (cat. 165), 286–89 (cats. 167–70), 291–92 (cats. 172–73)

Anargyroi, convent of the, 73

Anastasia, 73

Anastasia, Saint, 40

Andrew the Fool, Saint, 115

Andronikos I Komnenos, emperor, 130 (cat. 61)

Andronikos II Palaiologos, emperor, 131 (cat. 63)

Anicia Juliana, 14, 71

animal motifs, 136–37 (cat. 68), 163, 164, 176 (cat. 93), 181–82 (cat. 97), 185 (cats. 99), 188–90 (cat. 102), 204 (cat. 115), 237, 253 (cat. 145), 265–68 (cat. 159). See also bird motifs; peacocks

Anna, empress, 40

Anna, mother of Virgin, 15, 16 (fig. 1), 304–5 (cat. 186)

Anna, Saint, 113

Anna Komnene. See Komnene, Anna

Anna of Epiros, 25

Anna of Savoy, empress, 73

coin with, 105–6 (cat. 45)

Annunciation, 22 (fig. 5), 30, 108 (cat. 48), 141, 147, 158–59 (cat. 83), 202 (cat. 113), 210–11 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Anthousa and Ardabarios, chalice dedicated by, 111 (cat. 50)

Antioch, 56, 70, 71, 91, 185

Aphrodite, 37, 164, 176, 216, 237, 252

earring with, 248 (cat. 140)

hairpin with Pudica, 235, 258 (cat. 150)

lampstand with, 163, 198–99 (cat. 111), 234

Projecta casket with, 81, 142, 231, 233, 234 (fig. 20), 235, 237

pyxis with, 215, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Apollo, 163, 178–79 (cat. 95)

Apostles, 205–6 (cats. 116–17), 211, 213 (cat. 120), 299 (cat. 182)

Aquileia, 44

architectural frieze, 163, 165, 167 (cat. 84)

Ariadne, empress, 39, 93, 307

Arkadios, emperor, 37, 89, 90

Artemis, 17, 37, 163, 181–82 (cat. 97)

Artemisia of Philadelphia, 142

Asklepios, 282

Athanasios, writer, 275

Athanasios I, patriarch, seal of, 64–65 (cat. 22)

Athena, 37–38, 45, 113

bracelet with, 251–52 (cat. 144)

bust weight, 54 (cat. 14)

colossal statue of, 38, 45

as palladion, 38

pyxis with, 215, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Athena Promachos (Foremost Fighter), 38

augusta, 58–59, 86, 88–89

Augustaion, Constantinople, 44, 49, 69, 70

autokrator, 101, 104

Balsamon, Theodore, 164

Baptism of Christ, 202 (cat. 113), 211 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Bardas Phokas, general, 124

Basil I, emperor, 62, 68, 69, 97, 99

coin with, 98–99 (cat. 38)

Basil II, emperor, 124

Menologion of, 143

baths: health and, 280

public conduct and, 146 (cat. 69)

in Sidi Ghrib, Tunisia, 235, 236 (fig. 21), 237

beauty, 233–34

spiritual, 238

Bellerophon, 216, 231 (cat. 132)

belt: aid in childbirth, 93, 230

marriage, 225, 229–30 (cat. 131)

belt buckle, 216, 231 (cat. 132)

betrothal, 28

bird motifs, 185–86 (cat. 100), 260 (cat. 152), 265–68 (cat. 159). See also animal motifs peacocks

birth scenes, 280

of Esau and Jacob, 15, 276, 277 (fig. 23)

of John the Baptist, 15, 139, 142, 147 (cat. 70)

of Virgin Mary, 15, 139, 304–5 (cat. 186). See also childbirth

Blachernai church, 39, 40, 73, 90, 93, 114–17

bone: hairpins, 235, 258 (cats. 149–51)

needles, 152 (cat. 75–78)

plaques, 163, 168–69 (cats. 85–88)

spindle, 152 (cat. 74)

statuette, 70, 86–87 (cat. 28)

toilet articles, 234–35, 261–63 (cats. 153–55)

Book of the Eparch, 141

bowls: with bird, 185, 186 (cat. 100)

with leopard attacking rabbit, 185 (cat. 99)

silver, 183 (cat. 98). See also plates

boxes: ivory, with Adam and Eve, 18–19, 140, 148 (cat. 71), 215

plaques to decorate, 168–70 (cats. 85–88)

bracelets, 215, 236–37

animals in relief, 253 (cat. 145)

bust of Athena, 251–52 (cat. 144)

personification of Charis, 251–52 (cat. 143). See also jewelry

braid motif, 171, 172 (cat. 90)

brass: polycandelon, 194 (cat. 107)

breast-feeding, 140

bride show, 67, 91, 99, 215

bronze: amulets, 286–87 (cat. 167), 288 (cat. 169)

coins, 45–46 (cats. 2–3), 58–59 (cats. 16–17), 60–61 (cat. 19), 76, 86, 94 (cat. 34), 105–6 (cat. 45)

crosses, 108 (cat. 48), 132–35 (cats. 65–67)

icon pendant, 204 (cat. 115)

incense burners, 166, 200–202 (cats. 112–13)

lamps and lampstands, 165, 196–99 (cats. 108–11)

polycandelon, 194 (cat. 106)

rings, 50 (cat. 8), 223–24 (cat. 124), 225 (cats. 126–27), 296 (cat. 178)

Tyche statue, 43–44 (cat. 1)

use of, and social status, 237

weights, 51–57 (cats. 9–15), 85, 86

business, women in, 31

bust weights, 38–39, 81

Athena, 54–55 (cat. 14)

empress, 52–56 (cats. 10–13), 85, 86

busts: marble heads, 14, 76–85 (cats. 24–27)

rings with, 223–24 (cats. 123–25)

tapestry, 163, 165, 174–75 (cat. 92), 177 (cat. 94)

candles, 194

censers, 108 (cat. 48), 200, 205–6 (cats. 116–17)

censing the home, 165–66, 200–202 (cats. 112–13). See also incense; incense burners

ceramic: plate, 18, 165 (fig. 16)

pottery fragment, 132 (cat. 64)

vessels, 164, 188–92 (cats. 102–4)

Ceres, 59

chalices, 73, 110–11 (cats. 49–50)

Chalke Gate, Constantinople, 72

Charis, personification, 251–52 (cat. 143)

chastity, 70, 86–87 (cat. 28), 161

childbirth: aids for, 39–40, 73, 225, 302, 304

amulets to aid pregnancy and, 286–89 (cats. 167–71), 291–92 (cats. 172–73)

appeals to saints and Virgin during, 113, 276, 279

belts worn during, 93, 230, 279

care of mother following, 280, 304

midwife and, 139–40, 147 (cat. 70), 276, 304–5 (cat. 186). See also birth scenes; pregnancy

Chi-Rho (monogram of Christ), 37, 89 (cat. 29), 231 (cat. 132)

Chnoubis, 218, 284–85 (cat. 166)

Chora monastery, 118

Christ: Anastasis (Resurrection) of, 211 (cat. 120)

Ascension of, 211 (cat. 120)

Baptism of, 202 (cat. 113), 211 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Chi-Rho, monogram of, 37, 89 (cat. 29), 231 (cat. 132)

coins with, 62 (cat. 20), 96 (cat. 37), 104 (cats. 43–44)

cross with, 132 (cat. 65)

Crucifixion of, 89, 209, 202 (cat. 113), 211 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Dormition (Koimesis) of Virgin with, 205–6 (cats. 116–17), 210–11 (cat. 120), 237, 299 (cat. 182)

Entry into Jerusalem, 211 (cat. 120)

icons of Virgin with Christ child, 120–23 (cats. 51–52), 207–8 (cat. 118)

marriage belt with, 229–30 (cat. 131)

marriage rings with, 226–28 (cats. 128–30)

medallion with, 296–97 (cat. 180)

Nativity of, 202 (cat. 113), 210 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Presentation at Temple, 211 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Raising of Lazarus, 211 (cat. 120)

rings with Virgin and, 237, 296–97 (cats. 177–79)

scenes from life of, 202 (cat. 113), 210–13 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

seals, 64–65 (cat. 22), 107 (cat. 46), 124–27 (cats. 53–56)

Transfiguration of, 64, 211 (cat. 120)

Christograms, 90–91, 110

Church, women and, 24–25

churches: of the Ascension, 71, 91

Blachernai, 39, 40, 73, 90, 93, 114–17

Chalkoprateia, 39, 93, 117, 279

Eudoxiane, 89

Hagia Sophia, 40, 69, 71, 72, 100, 104

Hodegon, 90, 117

of the Holy Apostles, 99

of the Nativity, 71

private, 73

Saint Lawrence, 91

Saint Nicholas Orphanos, 216

Saint Polyeuktos, 71

Saint Stephen, 71, 90

San Giovanni Evangelista, 90

San Vitale, 72

Clement of Alexandria, 162, 223, 234, 235, 249, 261

Clio, 178–79 (cat. 95)

clothing, 15–16, 18, 70, 140

of augustae, 88

burial, 270

fragments of, 265–73 (cats. 158–63), 260

head coverings, 81, 146

scarves, 15–16

social status and, 235–36

veils, 81, 86

wedding attire, 216

woman’s tunic, 242–43 (cat. 134)

coins, 14, 37, 68, 69

aspron, 130–31 (cats. 61–62)

assarion, 105–6 (cat. 45)

with Christ’s image, 96

with city personifications, 45–49 (cats 2–7)

with crosses, 49, 89–90

of Doukas dynasty, 102–6 (cats. 41–45)

follis, 45–46 (cats. 2–3), 58–61 (cats. 16–17, 19), 94 (cat. 34)

with Hand of God, 49, 89

of Helena and Fausta, 76; 58–58 (cats. 16–17), 76, 86

histamenon, 62 (cat. 20), 102–5 (cats. 41–42), 128–29 (cat. 58)

hyperpyron, 131 (cat. 63)

of Irene and Constantine VI, 60–61 (cats. 18–19)

of Macedonian dynasty, 98–101 (cats. 38–40)

of Maria, 63 (cat. 21)

miliaresion, 63 (cat. 21), 129–30 (cats. 59–60)

with monogram of Christ, 37, 89 (cat. 29)

with Nike, 45–46 (cat. 3), 89

solidus, 47–49 (cats. 4–7), 60–61 (cat. 18), 88–91 (cats. 29–31), 92–93 (cat. 33), 95–101 (cats. 35–39), 128 (cat. 57)

tetarteron, 100 (cat. 40), 102–5 (cats. 43–44)

of Theodora, 62 (cat. 20)

of Theodora and family, 95–97 (cats. 35–37)

of Theodosian dynasty, 68, 88–95 (cats. 29–34)

tremissis, 88–91 (cat. 32)

with Virgin, 40, 128–31 (cats. 57–63)

coin weight, 51 (cat. 9)

common-law marriage, 27–28

concubines, 27–28, 143

Constantine, co-emperor (son of Basil I and Eudokia Ingerina), 99

Constantine I, emperor, 30, 36, 37, 58, 63 (cat. 21), 131 (cat. 62)

Constantine II, emperor, 59

Constantine VI, emperor, 68

coins with, 60–61 (cats. 18–19)

Constantine VII, emperor, coin with, 98–100 (cat. 39)

Constantine IX Monomachos, emperor, 62, 68, 100, 117, 143

coins with, 116, 129–30 (cat. 60)

Constantine X, emperor, 102–3

Constantine of Mytilene, metropolitan, seal of, 65 (cat. 23)

Constantinople: Baths of Zeuxippos, 146

Great Palace, 68, 69, 71, 89, 100

jewelry crafted in, 246

monuments and statues in, 14, 37–38, 94, 141–42

as New Rome, 36, 46, 47

residences and buildings in, 68–70, 72, 73

Tyche of, 36–37, 43–44 (cat. 1)

Constantinopolis, personification, 45–46 (cats. 3–7), 50 (cat. 8)

Constantius Chlorus, Roman emperor, 67

Constantius II, emperor, 59

coin with, 47 (cat. 4)

convents and monasteries, 25, 72, 73, 100, 104, 139, 220

copper: amulet, 289 (cat. 170)

belt buckle, 216, 231 (cat. 132)

toiletry box, 234, 263 (cat. 155)

Coptic text, 145–46 (cat. 69), 203 (cat. 114), 292–93 (cat. 174)

Corippus, poet, 37

coronation of empresses, 67–68

cosmetics, 234, 261, 263

containers for oil or perfume, 234, 264 (cats. 156–57)

toilet articles, 234–35, 261–63 (cat. 153–55)

Council in Trullo, 142, 235

Council of Ephesus, 113, 431

Cretan School of painting, 212

crosses, 36–37, 73, 165

coins with, 49, 63, (cat. 21), 89–90 (cats. 30–31), 96, (cat. 36), 131 (cat. 62)

inscribed with prayer, 135 (cat. 67)

jewelry with, 225–27 (cats. 126–28), 237, 246 (cat. 138), 254 (cat. 146), 295 (cat. 176)

polycandelon with, 194–95 (cat. 107)

reliquary, 134 (cat. 66)

True Cross, 49, 71, 212–13 (cat. 120), 292 (cat. 173), 302 (cat. 185)

votive, 108 (cat. 48), 132 (cat. 65)

Crucifixion, 89, 202, (cat. 113), 209, 211 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Crusader icons, 302

Cybele, 36

Cyril of Jerusalem, 158

Dalassene, Anna, 64, 68, 299

dancers, 18, 129, 141–42

on clothing, 265–68 (cat. 159)

maenad on plaques, 163, 168–69 (cats. 86–87)

plate with girl, 18, 165 (fig. 16)

statuette of seated, 142, 149 (cat. 72)

Danielis, 69

David, Old Testament king, 217, 218 (fig. 19)

death, 205–6 (cat. 117), 208

De materia medica, 14

Demetrios of Antioch, 158

Demetrios, Saint, 106 (cat. 41), 127 (cat. 56), 213 (cat. 120)

dextrarum junctio, on rings, 217, 222 (cats. 121–22)

diadem, 85, 86

Digenes Akritas, 164, 182, 188

Dikaspoloi, Protoproedros of the, seal of, 126 (cat. 55)

Diocletian, Roman emperor, 40, 213

Dionysos, 163, 168, 171, 237

Dioskoros of Aphrodito, 229, 231

dishes. See plates

divorce, 28, 218, 219

Dodekaorton, 205, 210

Dormition (Koimesis) of the Virgin, 64, 205–6 (cats. 116–17), 210–11 (cat. 120), 299 (cat. 182)

dotal contracts, 27–28

Doukai family, 29, 104

Doukaina, Irene, 25

Doukas, Andronikos, 104

Doukas, John, 103–4

dowager empresses, 68–69, 106

dowries, 29, 139, 215, 219

earrings, 215

basket, 245 (cats. 136–37)

drop sapphire, 244 (cat. 135)

peacock and cross, 237, 246 (cat. 138), 260

portrait of woman with, 237, 240–41 (cat. 133); See also jewelry

Ecloga, 27–28, 215, 218, 219, 231

education, 26–27, 70, 73, 91, 139, 140, 143, 162

Elizabeth (mother of John the Baptist), 139, 147, 202

empresses: coronation of, 67–68

dowager, 68–69

naming practices, 80, 89

power and wealth of, 68–69, 71–72

regents, 68. See also specific names

entertainers. See dancers; performers

Eris, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Eros, 176 (cat. 93)

erotes, 164, 176

Esquiline Treasure, 178n7, 200

Eudokia, empress, 39, 67, 70, 71, 307

coin with, 90–91 (cat. 32)

Eudokia Ingerina, empress, 68

coin with, 98–99 (cat. 38)

Eudokia Makrembolitissa, empress, 63, 68, 310

coins with, 103–4 (cats. 41–43)

Eudoxia, empress, 37, 70

coin with, 88, 89 (cat. 29)

Eunapios of Sardis, 140

Euphemia, empress, 71, 92, 307

Euphemia, Saint, 40, 113

Eusebia, empress, 54, 86, 306

Eusebios of Caesarea, 69

Eve. See Adam and Eve

Evil Eye, protection against, 286–87 (cat. 167), 289 (cat. 170), 295 (cat. 176)

evil spirits, repelling, 237

knot motif, 268 (cat. 160)

family. See home and family life

Fausta, empress, 306

coin with, 58–59 (cat. 17), 80, 86

marble heads, 76–80 (cat. 24–25)

statuette, 86

Faustina the Elder, Roman empress, 59, 78–79, 86

Faustina the Younger, Roman empress, 59, 80

Fayum portraits, 243

Feasts: Feast of the Akathistos, 117

Feast of the Triumph of Orthodoxy, 97

Marian Great Feasts, 298

scenes of, 210–13 (cat. 120)

fertility, 39–40, 139, 168, 176, 218, 230, 249, 273

festivals, 36, 142

of Agathe, 141

Flacilla, empress, 54–55, 59, 70, 73, 86, 306

coins with, 88–93 (cats. 29–33)

portrait head, 81 (cat. 26), 83, 89

food and cooking. See home and family life funerary items: portraits, 240 (cat. 133), 242 (cat. 134)

possessions, 250, 260

stele, 141, 150–51 (cat. 73), 235, 244

furniture, 163

Gabriel, archangel, 147, 158–59 (cat. 83)

Gaia, personification, 163, 272 (cat. 162)

Galla, empress, 86, 90, 307

Galla Placidia, empress, 71, 88, 307

coin with, 89–91 (cat. 31)

Ge. See Gaia

gemstones; earrings with, 244 (cat. 135), 247 (cat. 139)

necklaces with, 254–55 (cats. 146–47)

rings with, 222 (cat. 122), 250 (cat. 142)

George of Nikomedeia, 208

George of Pisidia, 246

George, Saint, 204 (cat. 115), 213 (cat. 120)

gifts, bridal, 215, 247 (cat. 139)

glass: containers for oil or perfume, 234, 237, 264 (cats. 156–57)

flask, 193 (cat. 105)

medallion, 296–97 (cat. 180)

necklace with cabochon, 237, 295 (cat. 176)

goddesses, statues of, 37–39. See also specific names

gold, 236–37

belt buckle, 216, 231 (cat. 132)

bracelets, 251–52 (cats. 143–44)

coins, 47–49 (cats. 4–7), 60–61 (cat. 18), 62 (cat. 20), 88–93 (cats. 29–33), 95–105 (cats. 35–44)

earrings, 244–48 (cats. 135–40)

marriage belt, 225, 229–30 (cat. 131)

necklaces, 237, 254–55 (cats. 146–47), 295 (cat. 176)

pendant, 300–301 (cat. 183)

protective tablet, 294 (cat. 175)

rings, 162, 222–24 (cats. 121–23, 125), 226–28 (cats. 128–30), 249–50 (cats. 141–42), 296–97 (cats. 177–79)’ 299 (cat. l82)

Golden Hand, The, 68, 89

golden team, 215. See also marriage

Graces, 251

grapevine motif, 237, 249 (cat. 141), 260

Great Palace, Constantinople, 68, 69, 71, 89, 100

Gregory of Nazianzos, 142, 200

Gregory of Nyssa, 135

guilds, 141

Gylou, 278–79, 287, 288 (cat. 169), 290 (cat. 171)

gynaikonites (women’s quarters) of home, 140

of palace, 73

Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, 40, 69, 71, 72, 100, 104

Hagia Sophia, Kiev, 112 (fig. 11), 116

hairpins, 235, 258 (cats. 149–51)

hairstyles, 59, 70, 235

of portrait heads, 76–85 (cats. 24–27), 235

of statuette, 78, 86 (cat. 28)

Hand of God, on coins, 49, 89 (cat. 29)

harvest and field work, 18–19, 31, 140

health: amulets protecting, 276, 284–85 (cat. 166), 291–92 (cats. 172–73)

flask for medicines, 193 (cat. 105)

hospitals, 280

marriage jewelry with inscription for, 218, 225, 229–30 (cats. 127–27, 131)

menstruation, 275, 283–84 (cat. 165), 297 (cat. 180)

physicians, 280

prayers for, 276

stomach, 301. See also medicine

Helena, empress, 37, 67, 69, 71, 143, 306

amulet with, 291–92 (cat. 173)

coin with, 58–59 (cat. 16), 76, 86

portrait head of, 76–77 (cat. 24), 81

triptych with, 210–13 (cat. 120)

Helena the Younger, 78

hematite: amulet, 283–84 (cat. 165)

Hera, 246, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Herakleios, emperor, 114

Hermes, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Hestia, personification, 163, 164 (fig. 15), 177

Hippodrome, Constantinople, 14, 36, 37, 38, 68, 141, 149n4

Hodegetria icon, 39, 91, 114 (fig. 12), 117–18, 296

Hodegon monastery, 90, 117

"holy housewives,” 161–62

Holy Rider, 276, 278–79

amulets, 218, 286–89 (cats. 167–70)

token, 290 (cat. 171)

home and family life: business transacted by wife, 162–63

censing the home, 165–66, 200–202 (cats. 112–13)

Christian symbols in homes, 165

domestic items, 141, 150 (cat. 73), 162–66, 235, 244

domestic scenes, 19, 138 (fig. 13), 141

economics of, 163, 220

food supplies and cooking, 140, 162, 191–92

“holy housewives,” 161–62

husband’s role in, 162–63

kinship and extended family, 26

praying at home, 165

sealing containers, 162, 192, 223–24 (cat. 123)

women’s role in, 140–41, 162

working outside home, 29

homilies; advising women on public conduct, 70, 139, 145–46 (cat. 69)

Homilies of James Kokkinobaphos, 15, 16 (fig. 1)

Homily on the Incarnation, 158

Homily on the Virgin Mary, 158

of John Chrysostom, 227–28

hospitals, 280

Hygieia, personification, 282 (cat. 164)

hystera amulets, 291–92 (cats. 172–73). See also Holy Rider

Iconoclasm, 14, 25, 40, 72–73, 96, 124, 205

icons, 72–73

birth of John the Baptist, 15, 139, 142, 147 (cat. 70)

birth of Virgin, 304–5 (cat. 186)

Crusader, 302

Dormition (Koimesis), 64, 205–6 (cats. 116–17), 210–11 (cat. 120)

Hodegetria, 39, 91, 114 (fig. 11), 117–18, 296

Marian, 116, 118

Saint Marina, 302–3 (cat. 185)

Saint Paraskeve, 209–10 (cat. 119)

triptych with feast scenes, 210–13 (cat. 120)

Virgin Blachernitissa, 112 (fig. 11), 116

Virgin with Christ child, 120–23 (cats. 51–52), 207–8 (cat. 118)

Vladimirskaya icons of Virgin, 118, 120–23 (cats. 51–52), 208

incantation bowls, 279

incense, 165–66

incense burners, 166, 200–202 (cats. 112–13). See also censers

infants: mortality, 280, 304

protection for, against Evil Eye, 280, 286–87 (cat. 167), 289 (cat. 170)

infertility, 139, 218, 278

inheritance and property, 29

Irene Asanina, empress, 25, 312

Irene Choumnaina, 25

Irene Doukaina, empress, 25, 29, 30, 107, 310

Irene, empress (wife of Leo IV), 67, 68, 72

coins with, 60–61 (cats. 18–19)

Irene, Saint, 40

Isaakios II Angelos, emperor, 117

Islamic themes, 190

ivory: boxes, 18–19, 140, 148 (cat. 71), 215, 282 (cat. 164)

icons, 205–6 (cats. 116–17)

pyxis with dancing figure, 142 (fig. 14)

pyxis with Judgment of Paris, 67, 215, 252, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Jerome, 289

Jerusalem, 71, 72, 89, 91

Jesus Christ. See Christ

jewelry: bracelets, 251–53 (cats. 143–45)

bridal gifts, 215

diadem, 85, 86

earrings, 240–41 (cat. 133), 244–48 (cats. 135–40)

necklaces, 17, 254–55 (cats. 146–47), 295 (cat. 176)

pendants, 17, 18 (fig. 3), 254–55 (cats. 146–47), 300–301 (cats. 183–84), 283–84 (cat. 165)

rings, 222–28 (cats. 121–30), 250 (cat. 142), 284–85 (cat. 166)

social status and, 236–37, 253

Joachim (father of the Virgin Mary), 15, 16 (fig. 1), 304–5 (cat. 186)

Joachim the Deacon, 210

John Chrysostom, 31, 70, 146, 161, 162, 163, 215–16, 227–28

John I Tzimiskes, emperor, 129 (cat. 58)

John II Komnenos, emperor, 29

John III Doukas, emperor of Nicaea, 130–31 (cat. 62)

John of Euboea, 209

John of Novgorod, Saint, 304 (cat. 186)

John the Baptist (Prodromos or Forerunner), 15, 108 (cat. 48), 139, 142, 147 (cat. 70), 202, 211 (cat. 120)

John V Palaiologos, emperor, 73, 105–6 (cat. 45), 142

John VI Kantakouzenos, emperor, 25, 105–6, 312

John, Saint (Apostle), 136, 205–6 (cat. 116–17), 299 (cat. 182)

Judgment of Paris, 67, 252, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Julian the Apostate, emperor, 44, 51, 54, 86

Julitta, Saint, 210, 213 (cat. 120)

Juno, 51, 59

Justa Grata Honoria, augusta, 91

Justicia, personification, 51

Justin II, emperor, 37, 94, 296, 308

weight with, 57 (cat. 15)

Justinian I, emperor, 57, 72, 296

Kalila wa Dimna, 190

Kassia, nun and poet, 233, 238

Kecharitomene convent, 25

Keroularios, Constantine, seal of, 127 (cat. 56)

Keroularios, Michael, 101, 103

knot motif, 237, 268 (cat. 160)

Koimesis. See Dormition of the Virgin

Komnene, Anna, 29, 30, 63, 68, 70, 105, 139, 140, 310

Ktisis, personification, mosaic with, 34 (fig. 6), 35, 86

Kyrikos, Saint, 213 (cat. 120)

lamps, 165, 196 (cats. 108–9), 202 (cat. 113)

lampstands, 17, 196–99 (cats. 110–11), 234

laws: Book of the Eparch, 141

canon 96, 235

Ecloga, 27–28, 215, 218, 219, 231

regarding burial with rings, 250

regarding perfume, 261

regarding weights and scales, 51, 57

women and, 24, 142

lead: amulets, 286–87 (cat. 68), 290–92 (cats. 171–73)

roundel, 298 (cat. 181)

seals, 64–65 (cats. 22–23), 125–27 (cats. 54–56)

Leo I, emperor, 39, 93

Leo II, emperor, 39, 93

Leo III, emperor, 40

Leo IV, emperor, 68

Leo VI, emperor, 27, 28, 40, 72, 99

coins with, 40, 100, 129 (cat. 57)

Novella 89, 226

Leontia, donor of votive cross, 108

Licinia Eudoxia, empress, 68

Licinius, Roman emperor, 46, 58

Lilith, 278

Livia, Roman empress, 59, 86

Logos, 296–97

looms, 141

Luke, Saint, 39, 120 (cat. 51)

maenads, 163, 175, 237

on plaques, 168 (cats. 86–87)

magic: Chnoubis ring and magical symbols, 218, 284–85 (cat. 166)

for protection of marriage, 219

spell on protective tablet, 294 (cat. 175)

Testament of Solomon, 290. See also amulets

Makarios, bishop, 212 (cat. 120)

Malalas, John, historian, 37, 38

marble: funerary stele, 141, 150–51 (cat. 73), 235, 244

heads, 14, 76–85 (cats. 24–27)

Maria of Alania, empress, 67, 310

coins with, 63 (cat. 21), 104–5 (cat. 44)

Marina, Saint, 113

icon of, 302–3 (cat. 185)

pendant with, 300–1 (cat. 184)

marriage: abuse and discord in, 219, 238

age for, 28, 218, 275

alliances, 29

belt, 217, 225, 229–30 (cat. 131)

belt buckle, 216, 231 (cat. 132)

bridal gift, 215, 247

bride show, 67, 91, 99, 215

ceremony, 215–17, 226

coin, Eudokia and Romanos IV, 104 (cat. 42)

cooperation of husband and wife, 148 (cat. 71), 215

crowns and, 217, 225 (cat. 127), 226 (cat. 129)

dowries, 29, 139, 215, 219

Ecloga and, 27–28, 215, 218, 219, 231

harmony inscription, 215, 222 (cat. 121), 226–28 (cats. 128–30)

importance of procreation in, 218, 276, 278

kinship relations and, 26

physical love and, 143, 218–19

poems (epithalamia), 229, 231

rings, 215, 217, 223–28 (cats. 121–30)

slaves and, 142

virginity and, 140, 247, 275

Marriage at Cana, 216 (fig. 17)

Martha, Saint, 216–17

Mary Magdalene, 143

Mary the Younger, Saint, 26, 161–62, 165, 218–19, 233, 236–37, 238

Mary. See Virgin Mary

Maxentius, Roman emperor, 49, 63

Maximo, Amazon queen, 164, 182

medicine: box with Hygieia, 282 (cat. 164)

medical texts, 140, 275, 276, 277

Medusa, 37, 54

Melania the Younger, Saint, 70, 71, 91, 113, 230

Menas Kallikelados, Saint, 127 (cat. 56)

menstruation (or bleeding) amulets and, 275, 283–84 (cat. 165), 297 (cat. 180)

Metrodora, medical writer, 276

Michael III, emperor, 68, 96, 99

Michael VI, emperor, 116

Michael VII Doukas, emperor, 68, 102–4

coin with, 63 (cat. 21), 104–5 (cat. 44)

Michael VIII Palaiologos, emperor, 25, 117, 131 (cat. 63)

Michael, Saint, 134 (cat. 66)

midwife, 139–40, 147 (cat. 70), 276, 304–5 (cat. 186)

Milion, Constantinople, 37, 94

Minerva, 45

miracles, 120 (cat. 51), 125, 136, 166, 291

miscarriage, 276, 285 (cat. 166)

mistresses, 68, 100, 143

modesty, 81, 145–46, 161

monasteries. See convents and monasteries

Moneta, personification, 51

mosaics: bath, in Sidi Ghrib, Tunisia, 235, 236 (fig. 21), 237

in the Blachernai church, 114, 116

of Ktisis, 34 (fig. 6), 35, 86

of the Virgin Blachernitissa in Hagia Sophia, Kiev, 112 (fig. 11), 116

motherhood, 140, 208

Mount Athos, 106

Mount of Olives, 71, 91

mourning, 205–6 (cat. 116–17)

muses, 54, 175, 178–79 (cat. 95), 237

mythological beasts, 188–90 (cat. 102)

Nativity of Christ, 202 (cat. 113), 210 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

Nea Moni, monastery of, 116

necklaces, 17, 18 (fig. 3), 215, 237, 254–55 (cats. 146–47), 295 (cat. 176). See also jewelry

Nereids, 163

earring with, 248 (cat. 140)

lampstand with, 198–99 (cat. 111)

plaque with, 168–69 (cat. 88)

Nereus, 163, 170

Nicaea, 130–31

Nicholas, Saint, 126–27 (cats. 55–56)

Nicholas I Mystikos, patriarch, 100

niello, in bracelet, 253 (cat. 145)

Nike, personification, 36 (fig. 7), 37

coin with, 45–46 (cat. 3), 89

Nikephoros II Botaneiates, 63, 105

Nikita, Saint, 304 (cat. 186)

Nilotic scenes, 167

Novgorod School, 147 (cat. 70), 210

nursemaid, 139, 147 (cat. 70), 304–5 (cat. 186)

nymph, 272 (cat. 162)

Octateuchs, 15, 19, 21n13, 276, 277 (fig. 2)

oil containers: for body oil, 234, 264 (cats. 156–57)

for household oil, 191

oil lamps, 196–97 (cats. 108–9)

Ottomans, 23, 24, 117–18

pagan themes, 163, 237

on marriage belt, 229–30 (cat. 131). See also goddesses, personifications

Panteleemon, Saint, 127 (cat. 56)

Pantokrator monastery hospital, Constantinople, 280

Paraskeve, Saint, 209–10 (cat. 119)

patronage, 70–71, 73, 90

Paul, Saint (Apostle), 136, 205–6 (cat. 116–17), 213 (cat. 120), 299 (cat. 182)

Paul Silentiarios, 72, 95n8

Paulinus of Nola, bishop, 70, 81

peacocks, 246 (cat. 138), 256–57 (cat. 148), 260 (cat. 152)

Pege, church of, Constantinople, 40, 114

Pelagia, Saint, 142, 143, 149, 235, 237–38

pendants: amulets, 283–84 (cat. 165), 286–89 (cats. 167–70)

icon as, 204 (cat. 115)

necklaces with, 17, 18 (fig. 3), 254–55 (cats. 146–47)

saints on, 300–301 (cat. 183–84)

Pentecost, 212 (cat. 120)

performers, 139, 142, 149, 220. See also dancers

perfume, 200, 237, 261

perfume containers, 234, 237, 264 (cats. 156–57)

personifications: of Charis, 251–52 (cat. 143)

of chastity, 70, 86–87 (cat. 28)

of Church, 227 (cat. 130)

of cities on coins, 45–50 (cats. 2–7)

of Constantinople on ring, 50 (cat. 8)

of earth, 270

of earth and wealth-bringing figures, 163

of endowing goddess, 272

of health and plenitude, 200–201 (cat. 112)

Tyche of Constantinople statue, 43–44 (cat. 1)

Peter, Saint (Apostle), 134 (cat. 66), 205–6 (cats. 116–17), 213 (cat. 120)

philanthropy, 87n15, 91. See also patronage

Phokas, emperor, 129

Photios, patriarch, 40, 115

Phrygian cap, 200–201 (cat. 112)

phylacteries, necklace with, 237, 295 (cat. 176)

piety, 87n15, 200, 254

plates: with dancing girl, 18, 165 (fig. 16)

with female rider, 17, 181–82 (cat. 97)

with geometric design, 185, 187 (cat. 101). See also bowls

plenty, 168, 200

Ploutos (Wealth), personification, 19

polycandela, 165, 194 (cats. 106–7)

porphyra, imperial birthing room, 73

Porphyrios, 37, 142

Porphyrogennetos, 101

portraits: in medallions on frieze, 167 (cat. 84)

of women on wood, 237, 240–43 (cats. 133–34)

portrait heads. See marble; sculpture

prayers, 165

cross with, 135 (cat. 67)

for health, 276

icons and, 204–13 (cats. 115–20)

lamp/incense burner and, 202 (cat. 113)

seals with, 126–27 (cats. 55–56)

prayer corner, 165

pregnancy, 285, 290, 301

prayer for, 139, 292–93 (cat. 174). See also abortion; miscarriage

Presentation at the Temple, 15–16, 17 (fig. 2), 298 (cat. 181), 227 (cat. 130)

processions, 117, 118, 141, 304

crosses used in, 108 (cat. 48), 132 (cat. 65)

icons used in, 120–23 (cats. 51–52)

Projecta casket, 81, 142, 231, 233, 234 (fig. 20), 235, 237

Prokopios of Caesarea, historian, 72

prosperity, 92, 177, 200, 273. See also Tyche

prostitutes, 67, 72, 139, 142, 143, 149, 220, 234, 235

Psalters, 15, 18

Psellos, Michael, 26–27, 30, 62, 63, 100, 103, 104, 105, 140, 236, 237, 263, 278

Ptochoprodromos, poet, 31, 219

public conduct of women, 29–30, 70, 139, 145–46 (cat. 69), 161, 235

public sphere, role of women in, 24–26

Pulcheria, empress, 37, 39, 68, 69, 71, 226

coins with, 48–49 (cat. 7); 88–91 (cat. 30)

pyxides: for cosmetics, 261–62 (cat. 154), 263

with Judgment of Paris, 67, 252, 256–57 (cat. 148)

Rebecca, Old Testament, in childbirth, 15, 276, 277 (fig. 23)

religious education, 73, 140, 162

reliquary cross, 134 (cat. 66)

Resurrection of Christ, 211 (cat. 120)

Rhea, 36

rings: with Chnoubis, 284–85 (cat. 166)

marriage, 222 (cats. 121–22), 223–24 (cat. 125), 227–28 (cat. 130)

openwork 249 (cat. 141)

with seals, 162, 223–24 (cats. 123–24), 296 (cat. 177), 299 (cat. 182)

with Virgin and Christ, 296–97 (cats. 177–79). See also jewelry

Roma, personification, on coins, 45–46 (cat. 2), 47–49 (cat. 4)

Romanos I Lekapenos, emperor, 100

Romanos III Argyros, emperor, 101, 129–30 (cat. 59), 278

Romanos IV Diogenes, emperor, 68

Rome, 78

Tyche of, 36–37, 43–44 (cat. 1)

Saba (Sheba), Queen of, 200–201 (cat. 112)

Sabina, Roman empress, 86

Sabine shawl in Louvre, 154

Sahidic text. See Coptic text

saints, 26, 141

amulet with, 291 (cat. 172)

coins with, 106 (cat. 41)

crosses with, 108 (cat. 48), 134 (cat. 66), 135 (cat. 67)

icons with, 120 (cat. 51), 204 (cat. 115), 209–10 (cat. 119), 303–4 (cat. 185)

medallion with, 136–37 (cat. 68)

pendants with, 237, 300–301 (cats. 183–84)

prayer to, 135 (cat. 67), 279

seals with, 65 (cat. 23), 126–27 (cats. 55–56)

triptych with feast scenes, 210–13 (cat. 120). See also specific names

Salus. See Hygieia

Sarah, Old Testament, 139, 293

sculpture: marble portrait heads, 14, 69, 76–85 (cats. 24–27)

in public places, 35–41, 69–70, 94

seated dancer, 149 (cat. 72)

statues of goddesses, 37–39

statues of imperial women, 78, 86–87 (cat. 28)

Tyche of Constantinople, 43–44 (cat. 1)

seals, 14, 40, 162–63

of Doukas family, 107 (cats. 46–47)

of household, 169, 192, 223–24 (cat. 123)

with Saint Theodora, 65 (cat. 23)

with Virgin, 40, 64–65 (cat. 22), 107 (cats. 46–47), 124–27 (cats. 53–56)

seal rings, 162, 223–24 (cats. 123–24), 296 (cat. 177), 299 (cat. 182)

sealing containers, 162, 192, 223–24 (cat. 123)

Senate House, Constantinople, 38, 45

servants, 140, 235

sexual relationships: adultery, 143, 218–19

illicit, 29–30, 99

marriage and, 28, 143, 218–19, 276–77. See also concubines; mistresses; prostitutes

silk, 141, 237

silver, 183, 236–37

amulet, 283–84 (cat. 165)

bowl, 183 (cat. 98)

bracelet, 253 (cat. 145)

chalices, 73, 110–11 (cats. 49–50)

coins, 63 (cat. 21), 129–30 (cats. 59–60)

dish with female rider, 17, 181–82 (cat. 97)

perfume container, 237

Projecta casket, 81, 142, 231, 233, 234 (fig. 20), 235, 237

ring, 284–85 (cat. 166)

seal, 124 (cat. 53)

statuette of dancer, 149 (cat. 72)

Simocatta, Theophylact, 226

Sisinnios, Saint, 278–79, 288, 289. See also Holy Rider

Skleraina, mistress of Constantine IX Monomachos, 68, 143

Skleros, Leon, seal of, 125 (cat. 54)

Skylitzes, John, 72, 217

slaves, 140, 142

social status and adornment, 235–37, 253

Sokrates, historian, 36, 44

solidus. See coins

Solomon (Old Testament king), 200, 289, 290

Solomonic knot, 268 (cat. 160)

Sophia, empress, 68, 69, 71, 308

coin with, 94 (cat. 34)

weight with, 57 (cat. 15)

Soranos, physician, 275, 277

Soros chapel, Blachernai church, 108, 115

Sozomenos, historian, 70

spindles, 152 (cat. 74), 162

spinning, 19, 140–41, 162

Virgin, at Annunciation, 22 (fig. 5), 30, 108 (cat. 48), 141, 147, 158–59 (cat. 83). See also weaving

statues. See sculpture

Stephen, Saint, 110

Stephen the Protomartyr, Saint, no, 213 (cat. 120)

stone: architectural frieze, 163, 165, 167 (cat. 84)

medallion, 136–37 (cat. 68)

pendant, 300–301 (cat. 184)

Symeon the Elder, Saint, 108 (cat. 48)

Symeon the Logothete, 215

Symeon the Stylite, Saint, 304 (cat. 186)

Symeon the Younger, Saint, 166

Synodikon of Orthodoxy, 106

Tamerlane, 122

tapestries, 141

band with female bust, 177 (cat. 94)

with eight-pointed star, 157 (cat. 82)

with female busts, 163, 165, 174–75 (cat. 92), 177

with Hestia, 163, 164 (fig. 15), 177

roundel with Eros, 176 (cat. 93). See also textiles

Tertullian, 261

Testament of Solomon, 219

textiles: with Apollo and Muse, 178–79 (cat. 95)

with braid motif, 171, 172 (cat. 90)

colors and natural dyes, 156

with duck, 163, 180 (cat. 96)

with eight-pointed star, 157 (cat. 82)

with Eros, 176 (cat. 93)

fragments, 265–73 (cats. 158–63)

with female busts, 163, 165, 174–75 (cat. 92), 177

with flourishing vine, 154–55 (cat. 80)

with jeweled border, 171, 172 (cat. 89)

with leaf motif, 163, 171, 172 (cat. 91)

with leaves, 156 (cat. 81). See also clothing; tapestries

theater, 139, 141

Thebes, 31

Thekla (daughter of Theophilos), 73, 97

coins with, 95–96 (cats. 35–36)

Thekla, Saint, 40, 113, 234

cross with prayer to, 135 (cat. 67)

medallion with, bound to

beasts, 136–37 (cat. 68)

pendant with, 300–301 (cat. 183)

Theodora, empress (sixth century), 25, 67, 69, 72, 215, 307

Theodora, empress (ninth century), 25, 67, 68, 72, 99, 309

coins with, 95–97 (cats. 35–37), 99

Theodora, empress (eleventh century), 67, 68, 73, 263, 310

coins with, 62 (cat. 20), 98–100 (cat. 40), 116

Theodora of Thessaloniki, Saint, 141

Theodora, Saint, 40, 65 (cat. 23), 113, 213 (cat. 120)

Theodore of Sykeon, Saint, 220

Theodore Tyron, Saint, 213 (cat. 120)

Theodosian Code, 30 (Codex Theodosianus), 51n3

Theodosios I, emperor, 44, 81, 141, 149n4

Theodosios II, emperor, 36, 37, 71, 90, 91

coin with, 48–49 (cat. 6)

Theophano, empress and saint, 40, 67, 69, 99, 230, 279

amulet, 42n49, 291 (cat. 172)

Theophilos, emperor, 25, 67, 72, 95–96, 215, 217

Theophobos, marriage of, 217

Thessaloniki, 20, 73, 106

Thomaïs of Lesbos, Saint, 26, 141, 161, 215, 218, 219, 238

toilet articles, 17, 234–35

box for, 263 (cat. 155)

pyxides for, 256–57 (cat. 148), 261–62 (cat. 154)

token, 290 (cat. 171)

trade, women in, 31

Transfiguration of Christ, 64

True Cross, 49, 71, 212–13 (cat. 120), 292 (cat. 173), 302 (cat. 185)

tunic. See clothing

Tyche, 36–37, 43–44 (cat. 1) 45, 153

Valentinian II, emperor, 90

coin with, 47–48 (cat. 5)

Venus, 49, 59, 70, 233. See also Aphrodite

Verina, empress, 39, 71

coin with, 92–93 (cat. 33)

vessels; ceramic, 164, 188–92 (cats. 102–4)

glass, 193 (cat. 105), 234, 237, 264 (cats. 156–57)

Virgin Mary: amulets with, 283–84 (cat. 165), 288 (cat. 169)

at Annunciation, 22 (fig. 5), 30, 108 (cat. 48), 141, 147, 158–59 (cat. 83), 202 (cat. 113), 210–11 (cat. 120), 227 (cat. 130)

appeals to, and childbirth, 276, 279

Birth of, 15, 139, 304–5 (cat. 186)

care of, by parents, 15, 16 (fig. 1)

coins with, 62 (cat. 20), 104 (cats. 43–44), 128–31 (cats. 57–63)

crosses with, 108 (cat. 48), 132 (cat. 65)

cult of, 93, 113, 117, 296

Dormition (Koimesis) of, 64, 205–6 (cats. 116–17), 210–11 (cat. 120), 237, 299 (cat. 182)

icons with, 39, 91, 112 (fig. 11), 114 (fig. 12), 116–18, 120–23 (cats. 51–52), 205–8 (cats. 116–18)

medallion with, 296–97 (cat. 180)

as Mother of God, 128 (cat. 57)

ostrakon with hymn to, 132 (cat. 64)

Presentation in the Temple, 15–16, 17 (fig. 2), 298 (cat. 181), 227 (cat. 130)

relics of, 39–40, 93

rings with, 227 (cat. 130), 237, 296–97 (cats. 177–79), 299 (cat. l82)

seals with, 40, 64–65 (cat. 22), 107 (cats. 45–47), 124–27 (cats. 54–56)

shrines and churches dedicated to, 39, 40, 73, 90

as Theotokos, 40, 113, 124 (cat. 53), 134 (cat. 66), 279

triptych with scenes from life of, 210–13 (cat. 120)

veil (maphorion) of, 108, 115

Virgin Blachernitissa, 107–8 (cat. 46), 112 (fig. 11), 114–17, 126 (cat. 55), 129–30 (cat. 60), 131 (cat. 63)

Virgin Galaktrophousa, 140

Virgin Hagiosoritissa, on seal, 107–8 (cat. 47)

Virgin Hodegetria icon, 39, 91, 114 (fig. 12), 117–18, 296

Virgin Nikopoios, 104, 124 (cat. 53)

Virgin of Vladimir, icons, 120–23 (cats. 51–52), 208

virginity: Church and, 28, 69, 71

marriage and, 140, 247, 275

votive crosses, 108 (cat. 48), 132 (cat. 65)

wall hangings, 171–74 (cats. 89–91)

wall paintings, 15–16, 17 (fig. 2), 114 (fig. 12), 216, 302

"wealth-bringing” figures, 163

weaving, 19, 27, 140–41, 157, 158, 163

implements for, 141, 150–51 (cat. 73), 152–53 (cats. 74–79), 235. See also spinning

weddings. See marriage

weights, 38–39, 81

bust, 52–56 (cats. 10–14), 85, 86

coin, 51 (cat. 9)

wet nurses, 140

widows, 163, 220

Woman with the Issue of Blood, 283–84 (cat. 165), 275

womb, 275–76

key depicted with, 276, 285 (cat. 166)

wandering, 291–92 (cats. 172–73)

Women at the Tomb, 202 (cat. 113), 227 (cat. 130)

wood: hair comb, 260 (cat. 152)

icon of birth of John the Baptist, 147 (cat. 70)

icon of Saint Marina, 302–3 (cat. 185)

icon of Saint Paraskeve, 209–10 (cat. 119)

icons of Virgin of Vladimir, 120–23 (cats. 51–52)

portraits of women on, 240–43 (cats. 133–34)

triptych with feast scenes, 210–13 (cat. 120)

weaver’s comb, 152–53 (cat. 79)

work, outside home, 29

Zacharias, father of John the Baptist, 147, 202

Zacharias, Temple priest, 298 (cat. 181)

Zeno, emperor, 93

Zoe, empress, 25, 62, 68, 73, 101, 143, 236, 263, 278, 310

Zoe Karbounopsina, empress, 40, 98–100 (cat. 39)

Previous chapter Next chapter

Base text size -

Chapter images ()