Modern Architecture: Representation & Reality

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15862

In this important and wide-ranging book, esteemed architectural historian Neil Levine investigates for the first time the complex history of representation—the use and meaning of architectural signifiers—from the 18th through the 20th century. Using the lens of a continuous theoretical argument, Levine provides a detailed survey and critical analysis of major works by a host of modern architects, including Étienne-Louis Boullée, Nicholas Hawksmoor, Louis Kahn, Henri Labrouste, Augustus Welby Pugin, Karl Friedrich Schinkel, John Soane, Louis Sullivan, Mies van der Rohe, Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, and Frank Lloyd Wright.

Levine posits that all modern architects, much like visual artists, have had to grapple with issues of representation in their work. Interweaving influential examples from outside the scope of modern architecture, Levine traces the history of representation in architecture, and in writings on architecture, both within each architect’s oeuvre and throughout the centuries discussed. The book features previously unpublished images, many created for this publication, and it addresses a variety of specific cases while offering an original and panoramic view of the history of architecture.

*This eBook is available exclusively on the A&AePortal*

Author

PublisherYale University Press

Print publication date May 2010 (in print)

Print ISBN 9780300145670

EISBN 9780300233568

Illustrations 341 images

Print Status in print

Publisher (in print)

WorldCat

Google Books

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List of illustrations

Aerial view of the Palace of Versailles, from southwest
Exterior view of Minerals and Metals Research Building, Illinois (formerly Armour) Institute of Technology, Chicago
Elevation view of Barrelmaker's House and Workshop project, Ideal City of Chaux
Exterior view of Longaberger Company Headquarters, Newark, Ohio
South façade of Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England
Detail of central pavilion, south façade, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England
Rucellai Palace, exterior view
Exterior of the Colosseum, Rome
The Primitive Buildings &c.
Garden plan, Stowe, Buckinghamshire, England, detail
View from Temple of Ancient Virtue to Temple of British Worthies, Stowe
Aeneas at Delos
Aerial perspective of Castle Howard, Yorkshire, looking south
Estate map of Henderskelfe Castle and village (site of later Castle Howard)
Preliminary site plan for Castle Howard, showing house design by William Talman (north is to left)
Estate map of Castle Howard
Plan of Castle Howard
Plan and elevation of Villa Trissino project, Meledo, Italy
Entrance court, east wing of Castle Howard
Entrance court, north façade, Castle Howard
Entrance hall of Castle Howard
Garden (south) façade of Castle Howard
Obelisk at Castle Howard
Detail of map of estate and surrounding areas of Castle Howard
Distant view of Castle Howard, looking north from turnoff from county road
Castle Howard, Carmire Gate
Castle Howard, Carmire Gate and bastions
Castle Howard, Pyramid Gate
Castle Howard, Pyramid Gate, east bastions (view looking east to Pyramid in far distance)
Castle Howard, Temple (later of Four Winds)
Castle Howard, Temple, perspective and plan for "Turret" project
Villa Rotunda, Vicenza
Castle Howard, Temple, looking northeast over landscape
Castle Howard, Temple, with view southeast to Mausoleum
Castle Howard, Mausoleum
Castle Howard, preliminary project plan (elevation) for Mausoleum
Elevation/section of San Pietro in Montorio (Tempietto), Rome
Castle Howard, Pyramid, view looking southwest from Mausoleum
Castle Howard, Exterior of Pyramid
Castle Howard, Pyramid, interior with bust of Lord William Howard
Castle Howard, Pyramid, seen from garden parterre on south side of house
The Five Orders
Belvedere, Petit Trianon, Palace of Versailles (view with Grotto to left)
Castle Howard: Mausoleum and House
Essai sur l'architecture, frontispiece
Garden, Stourhead, Wiltshire, 1743–69
Rousseau’s Tomb, Château of Ermeonville. View with château in background
Temple of Modern Philosophy, Château of Ermeonville. View from rear looking down to lake
Temple of Modern Philosophy, Château of Ermeonville
Rustic Temple, Château of Ermeonville, ca. 1770
Church of Val de Grâce. West facade
Church of Val d Grâce. Interior
The Temple of Augustus (Maison Carrée) in Nimes
East facade, Louvre
Chapel, Palace of Versailles
An Essay on Architecture, frontispiece
Section, elevation, and etails of "Temple Hexastyle" (Temple of Hear II), Paestum
Church of Sainte-Geneviève (now Panthéon), Paris, 1755–90. Exterior perspective
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Interior perspective
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Plan, exterior perspective, and side elevation
Cornerstone Laying Ceremony of the new Church of Sainte-Geneviève, September 6, 1764
Basilica of St. Peter's, plan
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Interior, north side aisle
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Interior, springing of cupola over west end of nave
Cathedral of Saint-Etienne. Choir
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Flying buttresses, masked by parapets
Place du Panthéon, aerial view
Church of Sant'Andrea. Exterior
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Pediment (detail)
Church of Sainte-Geneviève. Pediment, Section, showing details of iron reinforcement
Virginia State Capitol, Richmond
Graphic Formula Applicable to Private buildings Whose Floors Are Two Inter-Axes High. Plans and sections
Example of Advantages That Society Gains from the Knowledge and Observation of the True Principles of Architecture (comparison of Soufflot's Church of Sainte-Geneviève with an "improved" version). Plans, sections, and elevations
Cemetery entrance gate project. Perspective
Metropolitan Church project. Exterior perspective
Metropolitan Church project. Plan
Metropolitan Church project. Section
Metropolitan Church project. Interior perspective of variant design
Metropolitan Church project. Interior perspective of crossing during celebration of Corpus Christi
Cenotaph for Isaac Newton project. Exterior perspective
Cenotaph for Newton project. Section, in daytime
Cenotaph for Newton project. Section, at night
Cenotaph for Newton project. Interior view
Royal Library project, Paris (rue de Richelieu site). Plan (north is to left)
Royal Library project. Entrance facade. Elevation
Royal Library project. Reading room. Perspective
Former Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, Paris, begun by Claude-Paul de Creil, 1672–75; enlarged 1699; completed by Jacques de la Guépière, 1720–33. Interior perspective
The School of Athens
Cemetery project with Turenne Cenotaph. Aerial perspective
Cemetery entrance gate project ("characterising the genre of buried architecture of shadows"). Elevation
Funary monument project ("characterising the genre of the architecture of shadows"). Elevation
Dibutades, or the Origin of Drawing
Bank of England, London, 1788–1833. Perspective of Lothbury Street and Bartholomew Lane facades, 1796–97
Bank Stock Office, Bank of England. Interior perspective, 1791–1793
Consols Transfer Office, Bank of England, 1797–99, interior perspective
Consols Transfer Office, Bank of England. Interior perspective
Five Per Cent (later Colonial) Office, Bank of England, 1818–23. Interior perspective
Designs for Commissioners' churches, London. Perspective
St. John's. Exterior
Illustration of primitive hut with flat roof. Perspective
Illustration of primitive hut with internal pillars and side aisles. Perspective and plan
Soane House, London, begun 1792. Frontispiee added in 1812. Perspective
The Hall of Stars of the Queen of the Night
St. Gertrude's Church projet, Berlin, 1819. Side elevation
Altes Museum (originally Museum). Main facade
Altes Museum. Plans, first and second floors
Altes Museum. Exterior. Longitudinal section and detail of portico order
Altes Museum. Exterior. Side and rear facades
Fridrich-Werdersche Church, Berlin, 1821–30. Exterior perspective
Architekonische Lehrbuch, so-called "Long Sheet"
Church. Page of four alternative designs. Perspective sketches
Church. Interior perspective in classical style (project)
Church. Interior perspective in Gothic style (as built)
Bauakademie (orig. Allgemeine Bauschule), Berlin. Exterior. View from east
Bauakademie. Plans, first and second floors
Bauakademie. Section
Bauakademie. Exterior. Main entrance (north facade)
Bauakadmie, interior view
Bauakadmie, interior view
Bauakademie, sectional details
Royal Library project, Berlin, 1835–39. First design. Exterior perspective
Royal Library project. First design. Plans, first and second/third floors
Royal Library project. First design. Section and elevation
Royal Library project. Second design. Plan, ground floor, and elevation
The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture. Frontispiece
Jeton de présence for Société Centrale des Architectes
Contrasted House Fronts: The Professor's Own House/Rue de L'Horloge, Rouen
Church of St. Giles, Cheadle, 1840–46. Plan
Church of St. Giles. View from town
Church of St. Giles. West façade and tower
Church of St. Giles. View from southeast
Church of St. Giles. South facade
Church of St. Giles. Interior. South side aisle
A Wooden Building the origin of Greek Temples
A Grecian Temple, a Christian Temple, and a Druidical Temple, with a comparison of Engaged Columns and Buttresses
Church of St. Giles. Main (west) entrance
Metal-Work (door hardware)
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. View from southwest, with Panthéon (on right) and Law School (on left), by Soufflot, 1763–74
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, preliminary sketch project
San Francesco, Rimini. Elevation, side façade, and plan of additions by Leon Battista Alberti, ca. 1450
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Exterior, from southeast
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Detail of upper part of facade
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève, detail view
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Side and rear facades, northeast corner
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Project approved by government, December 1839. Elevation and first-floor plan
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Ideas for decoration of main entrance
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Ideas for entrance candelabra
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Entrance
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Plans, first and second floors
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Vestibule
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Vestibule
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Ideas for impost block and capital of vestibule piers. Sketch
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Vestibule. Impost block and capital of vestibule pier
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Reading room
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Reading room
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Partial elevation and section, drawn for publication
Reconstruction of Temple of Hera I (as a portique, or stoa), Paestum. Cutaway interior perspective
Library (former refectory of Abbaye of Saint-Martin des Champs), Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. Interior
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Reading room. Capital and springing of arches
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Detail of cast-iron capital
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Reading room. Details of ironwork assembly
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Reading room. Final study for ironwork. Sections, elevation, and sketches
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Reading room. Preliminary study for iron floor trusses of first floor. Section and plan
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Working drawing of stereotomy of second floor. Elevation, section, and plan
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Study for tie-rod fasteners in spandrels of second-floor arcade. Elevation
Library of St. Mark, exterior
Bibliothèque Nationale (originally Impériale). Exterior, southwest corner
Opera House. Exterior
Hofburg Theater. Exterior
Thomas Crane Public Library. Exterior
Improbably primitive timber construction
Probable primitive timber construction
Stone pillar in imitation of timber construction, Cuttack, India
Doric order, cutaway aerial perspective
Greek mode of hoisting the lintel stones
Roman bath, partially restored
12th-century construction. Interior, elevation, section, and partial plan
Basilica of Saint Denis. Cutaway perspective
Concert hall for three thousand people project. Interior perspective
Concert hall project. Sections and plan
Concert hall project. Concept drawing for dome
Apartment house with ground-floor shop project. Exterior perspective
Apartment house project. Section, partial elevation, and plan of variant design with brick and stone outer wall
Apartment house project. Details of iron frame. Plan and axonometrics
Apartment house project, section view
Paris Opera House project. Exterior perspective
Church of Saint-Gimer. Exterior
Masonic Temple. Exterior
Reliance Building, 1890–95, under construction
Fair Store, Chicago, under construction
New York Life Building, Chicago, 1893–94, perspective, under construction
Wainwright Building. Exterior
Wainwright Building, under construction
Wainwright Building. Plan, ground floor
Wainwright Building. Plan, third through ninth floors
Wainwright Building. Main entrance
Wainwright Building. Lower floors
Wainwright Building. Upper floors and cornice
American Surety Building, New York, 1894–96. Exterior perspective
Wainwright Building. Side and rear facades
Guaranty (later Prudential) Building. Exterior
Bayard (later Condict) Building, New York, 1897–99. Exterior perspective
Wright House (and Studio), initial construction, 1889–90. Exterior
Wright House. Interor. Living room, with stair hall (to right) and original dining room (to left)
Chandler House. Exterior
Public Library and Museum project, Milwaukee. Exterior perspective
All Souls Building (Abraham Lincoln Center) project, Chicago, ca. 1896–1905. Initial design, 1898–1900. Exterior perspective
Winslow House. Entrance facade
Winslow House. Plan, first floor
Winslow House. Entrance hall
Winslow House. Graden facade
Cheney House, Oak Park, 1903–4. Aerial perspective
Cheney House. Plan
Cheney House. Living room, looking toward dining room
Cheney House. Library, detail of corner
Unity Temple, view of auditorium
Unity Temple. Plan, multilevel
Unity Temple. Auditorium. Preliminary interior perspective
Larkin Building, Buffalo. Interior
Unity Temple. Auditorium. Corner stair tower
Unity Temple. Auditorium. View from upper balcony
Unity Temple. Exterior. Upper part of façade
Robie House. Exterior, from southwest
Robie House. Plan, second floor
Robie House. Exterior. Detail of west end
Robie House. Living room, looking east to fireplace
Robie House. Living room, looking west to porch
Portrait of Wilhelm Uhde
Taliesin (Wright House and Studio). Court, looking southeast, from stable bridge to living wing
Taliesin. Plan
Taliesin. Aerial perspectve
Taliesin. Interior. Living room
Taliesin. Loggia, with door to living room on right and studio to left
Taliesin, original entrance
Taliesin. View from lake below
Ames Gate Lodge. Exterior
Student with a Newspaper
Fallingwater (Kaufmann House) Exterior. View from below falls
Fallingwater. Exterior. Entrance side
Fallingwater. Prelimary plan, first floor
Fallingwater. Living room. View from entrance to southwest terrace
Fallingwater. Living room. Hatch
Fallingwater. Living room. View from entrance to fireplace
Fallingwater. Southwest terrace of living room
Fallingwater. Perspective from below first falls
Marin County Civic Center
Housing Block. Hook of Holland. Exterior detail
Grain Silo
Steel-frame construction of Chicago's Palmer House
Rhythm of a Russian Dance
Everything Is Spheres and Cylanders
Brick Country House project (possibly) Potsdam-Neubabelsberg. Perspective and plan
Urbig House. Exterior
Mosier House
Diagram Illustrating the Development of a Rectangular Building-Site with Parallel Rows of Tenement Blocks of Different Heights
Diagram Illustrating the Development of a Rectangular Building-Site with Parallel Rows of Tenement Blocks of Different Heights
German (Barcelona) Pavilion, International Exhibition, exterior
Barcelona Pavilion. Plan
Barcelona Pavilion, detail of column base
German Pavilion project, International Exhibition, Brussels. Exterior Perspective
German Pavilion project, International Exhibition, Brussels. Court of Honor. Interior perspective
House with Three Courts project
Snake River Ranch (Resor House)
Resor House, 1935–37, under construction
Resor House project, 1937–39. Elevations. Contract drawing
Resor House project. Plan, second (main) floor. Contract drawing
Resor House project. Interior perspective (collage), looking south
Resor House project. Interior perspective (collage), looking north
Resor House project. Preliminary interior perspective (collage), looking north
Hubbe House (project), Magdeburg, perspective of court seen from living room terrace
Alexderplatz project, Berlin. Aerial view (photomontage)
Concert Hall project. Interior perspective (collage)
Martin Assembly Building, Glenn L. Martin Aircraft Plant, Middle River, Md., 1937. Interior
Martin Assembly Building. Exterior, with Martin Mars airplane
Concert Hall project. Preliminary interior perspective (collage)
Town Center, "New Buildings for 194X." Plan
Museum for a Small City project., "New Buildings for 194X." Elevation
Museum for a Small City Project. Interior perspective
Spanish Pavilion. International Exhibition, Paris. Interior, with Picasso's Guernica
Make More Tanks
Navy Building (later Alumni Memorial Hall), Illinois Insittute of Technology, exterior
Navy Building. Exterior. Corner detail
Navy Building. Partial plan
860–880 North Lake Shore Drive Apartment Buildings, Chicago. Partial plan
860–880 North Lake Shore Drive Apartment Buildings, Chicago. Under construction
Barcelona Pavilioan. Plan of column
Farnsworth House. Exterior
Light Bulb
Red Explosion (Atomic Bombs)
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla Calif., 1959–65. Meeting House project, 1960–62. Partial model
Young Slave
Two Women's Torsos
Palazzo del Te, entrance
Bank of England, 1788–1833, cutaway aerial perspective
Analysis of the structure of a Doric Temple, cutaway aerial perspective and plan
Analysis of the Structure of Roman Baths, cutaway aerial perspective
Exchange, Amsterdam, 1898–1902
Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève. Administration Building. Exterior
The architectural revolution is complete . . .
Museum of Living Artists project, Paris. Aerial perspective
Unité d'Habitation, exterior, end with exposed stairway
Yale University Art Gallery. From southeast (along Chapel Street)
Yale University Art Gallery. Reflected ceiling plan, first floor
Yale University Art Gallery. Exterior, west (High Street) end
Trenton Jewish Community Center, Ewing Townshipo, N.H., 1954–59. Preliminary site plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Site plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Bath House, 1955. Preliminary plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Bath House. Plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center, Bath House, Central Atrium
Trenton Jewish Community Center, Bath House, Men's dressing room
Trenton Jewish Community Center, Bath House, contract drawing for proposed metal roof
Trenton Jewish Community Center, Bath House
Basilica of St. Mark's
Cathedral of Saint-Front, Périgeux, 11th–12th centuries. Plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Plan
Plans for Latin cross churches
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Elevation
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Day Camp, 1956–57. Plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Day Camp. Exterior
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Day Camp. Interior
Acropolis, Athens. Plan and perspective
Imaginary Roman construction in Gaul, cutaway aerial perspective
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Model
Pennsylvania Railroad Station, New York. Aerial view
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Plan
Trenton Jewish Community Center. Community Building project. Longitudinal section
Baths of Carcalla. Aerial view
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, begun 1939. Prelimary aerial perspective
First Unitarian Church, Rochester, N.Y., 1959–63. Form/Design drawing
Collage of plan of First Unitarian Church and Palace of Charles V, Alhambra, Granada, by Pedro Machuca, 1526–68.
First Unitarian Church. Exterior
Library, Phillips Exeter Academy
House of Diana
Library, Exeter Academy. Interior. Central Hall
Library, Exeter Academy. Plan, third floor
Low Library, Columbia University. Exterior
Low Library. Plan.
Library, Exeter Academy. Roof pergola
Kimbell Art Museum
Kimbell Art Museum. Entrance portico

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Contents

Contents

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PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.001

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15863

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Preface

This book began life as the Slade Lectures on Fine Art, which I was honored to give at Cambridge University in England in 1994–95. Although I had worked on a number of the subjects before bringing them together in the way they were presented there, and now here, the extended format of eight lectures allowed me to develop my thoughts more...

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PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.002

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15864

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Introduction

Of all the arts, modern architecture has shown itself to be the least comfortable with its own history. In most accounts, there is an assumption of a direct...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Architecture, Modern--19th centuryArchitecture, Modern--20th centuryNeoclassicism (Architecture)Decoration and ornament, Architectural--19th centuryArchitecture--Signs and symbolsArchitecture, Renaissance--ItalyArchitecture--History--18th centuryArchitecture--History--17th centuryArchitecture, Classical

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.2-14

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.003

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15865

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1. Castle Howard and the Subject Matter of History

The English landscape garden of the eighteenth century has long been considered the site where the disintegration of...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Castle Howard (England)Neoclassicism (Architecture)Landscape architecture--HistoryKent, William, 1685-1748Stowe Gardens (England)Vanbrugh, John, 1664-1726Hawksmoor, Nicholas, 1661-1736Architecture, Classical influences

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.16-44

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.004

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15866

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2. The Appearance of Truth and the Truth of Appearance in Laugier’s Primitive Hut

Around 1750, a young French Jesuit priest began writing a relatively short critique of contemporary architecture, offering his views on how the situation might be reformed. To argue his position, which was decidedly outside the mainstream and had no professional credentials for support, he made use of a mimetic theory of representation, most of the elements of which had been noted before, but which as a whole had never previously been articulated with quite the same sense of purpose or conviction. Marc-Antoine Laugier’s (1713–1769) Essai sur...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Laugier, Marc-Antoine, 1711-1769Soufflot, Jacques Germain, 1713-1780Neoclassicism (Architecture)Architecture--France--History--18th centuryArchitectural theory--18th centuryErmenonville (France)Architecture, Classical influencesArchitecture--Signs and symbols

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.46-74

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.005

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15867

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3. From Imitation to Abstraction in the Neoclassicism of Boullée, Soane, and Schinkel

The reductionist logic of Laugier’s theory of representation and its promulgation by such influential figures as Quatremère de Quincy underwrote the establishment of a strict form of neoclassicism that became the lingua franca of architectural production from the last quarter...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Sepulchral monumentsBoullée, Etienne Louis, 1728-1799. ArchitectureSoane, John, 1753-1837Neoclassicism (Architecture)Schinkel, Karl Friedrich, 1781-1841Quatremère de Quincy, M. (Antoine-Chrysostome), 1755-1849Architecture--Classical influencesArchitecture, Modern--19th centuryLaugier, Marc-Antoine, 1711-1769

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.76-114

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.006

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15868

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4. Pugin, Labrouste, and the New Realism of Decorated Construction

The 1830s marked a change in the modern attitude toward architectural representation as profound and long-lasting as that initiated in the...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Labrouste, H. (Henri)Pugin, Augustus Welby Northmore, 1812-1852Gothic revival (Architecture)--Great BritainDecoration and ornament, Architectural--19th centuryArchitecture, Modern--19th centuryBibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.116-148

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.007

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15869

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5. Essays in the Erosion of Representation by Viollet-le-Duc and Louis Sullivan

It may have seemed arch to bring Courbet’s comment about angels into a discussion of architecture dealing in large part with Pugin, given the latter’s devotion to recreating an environment where angels might be thought to exist. Be that as it may, Courbet’s more extended comments on what he meant by...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Viollet Le Duc, M. (Emmanuel-Louis-Nicolas), 1781-1857Sullivan, Louis R. (Louis Robert), 1892-1925Architecture, Modern--19th centuryArchitecture, Modern--20th centuryArchitecture--Signs and symbolsGothic revival (Architecture)--FranceArchitecture--Classical influencesDecoration and ornament, Architectural--20th century

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.150-178

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.008

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15870

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6. Representation without History in the Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright

Frank Lloyd Wright felt strong intellectual and artistic links to both Viollet-le-Duc and Louis Sullivan. In his Autobiography (1932) he stated that he had read Viollet-le-Duc’s...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Fallingwater (Pa.)Unity Temple (Oak Park, Ill.)Architecture, modern--20th centuryWright, Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959Architecture--United States--History--20th centuryDecoration and ornament, Architectural--20th centuryArchitecture--Signs and symbolsMidcentury modern (Architecture)

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.180-212

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.009

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15871

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7. The Reemergence of Representation out of Abstraction in Mies van der Rohe

Three years after Fallingwater was completed and two years after it was the subject of a one-building exhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art (1938), the German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886–1969), who...

Author

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.214-242

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.010

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15872

Chapter subject tags:Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 1886-1969Architecture, modern--20th centuryDecoration and ornament, Architectural--20th centuryWright, Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959Midcentury modern (Architecture)

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8. The Aesthetic of the Unfinished and the Example of Louis Kahn

In one of the most celebrated and oft-quoted statements defining the romantic condition of early modern art and thought, Friedrich...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Kahn, Louis I., 1901-1974Architecture, modern--20th centuryArchitecture, American--20th centuryMidcentury modern (Architecture)Le Corbusier, 1887-1965Yale University. Art GalleryArchitecture--Signs and symbols

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.244-278

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.011

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15873

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Conclusion

When Louis Kahn began his career in the 1930s, modern architecture, in the sense of what we would now call “modernist” architecture, was still a battle being waged by a small, avant-garde elite against an entrenched, tradition-minded establishment. Kahn himself was educated at the University of...

Author

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.280-286

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.012

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15874

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Bibliography

Bibliography

Author

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00084.013

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15875

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