Art and Revolution in Latin America, 1910–1990

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15771

In this uniquely wide-ranging book, David Craven investigates the extraordinary impact of three Latin American revolutions on the visual arts and on cultural policy. The three great upheavals—in Mexico (1910–1940), in Cuba (1959–1989), and in Nicaragua (1979–1990)—were defining moments in twentieth-century life in the Americas. Craven discusses the structural logic of each movement’s artistic project—by whom, how, and for whom artworks were produced—and assesses their legacies. In each case, he demonstrates how the consequences of the revolution reverberated in the arts and cultures far beyond national borders.

The book examines not only specific artworks originating from each revolution’s attempt to deal with the challenge of “socializing the arts,” but also the engagement of the working classes in Mexico, Cuba, and Nicaragua with a tradition of the fine arts made newly accessible through social transformation. Craven considers how each revolution dealt with the pressing problem of creating a “dialogical art”—one that reconfigures the existing artistic resource rather than one that just reproduces a populist art to keep things as they were. In addition, the author charts the impact on the revolutionary processes of theories of art and education, articulated by such thinkers as John Dewey and Paulo Freire. The book provides a fascinating new view of the Latin American revolutionaries—from artists to political leaders—who defined art as a fundamental force for the transformation of society.

*This eBook is available exclusively on the A&AePortal.*

Author

PublisherYale University Press

Print publication date July 2002 (out of print)

Print ISBN 9780300082111

EISBN 9780300234343

Illustrations 193 illus.

Print Status out of print

Publisher (out of print)

WorldCat

Google Books

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List of illustrations

Diego Rivera: Biografía sumaria, taken from Amauta, no. 4 (December 1926)
Diego Rivera: el artista de una clase, taken from Amauta, no. 5 (January 1927)
Superman, comic strip
The Golden Man (Liberation)
Cold War Cartography: The Reagan–Bush Map of the Western Soviet Empire (Originally published in The Nation)
El arte de américa latina es la revolución, The Allende Years in Chile (1970–1973)
Rebellion," from Iconologia by Cesare Ripa (1593), Hertel edition, Augsburg
Fortune," from Iconologia by Cesare Ripa (1593), Hertel edition, Augsburg
Paisaje Zapatista: el guerrillero (Zapatista landscape: the guerilla)
Imperialism, fresco panel (now lost) for the Communist Party Opposition, New Worker's School, New York City
Fragment of the Equestrian Statue of Somoza
Portrait of José Guadalupe Rodriguez," taken from Amauta, no. 24 (June 1929)
Leviathan
Le Corps Politique
Carrillo Puerto: símbolo de la revolución del sureste, Estampas de la Revolución Mexicana, pl. 59
Reagan and the World
Che
Mexico Today and Tomorrow
Las tropas constitutionalista hacen el primer reparto de la tierra en Matamoros, 6 de Agosto de 1913 (The constitutionalist troops making the first redistribution of land, in Matamoros on August 6, 1913)
Lázaro Cárdenas y la reforma agraria, 1934–1940, Estampas de la Revolución Mexicana, pl. 67
El Presidente Cárdenas recibe el apoyo del pueblo mexicano para sus medidas in favor del progreso del país (Cárdenas receives support for his measures in favor of the country's social progress), Estampas de la Revolución Mexicana, pl. 72
Contribución del pueblo a la expropiación de la industra petrolera, 18 de Marzo 1938 (The Contribution of the people to the nationalization of the oil industry on March 18, 1938), Estampas de la Revolución Mexicana, pl. 74
Moisés Sáenz
Presidente Álvaro Obregón y Ministro Negroponte
El General Obregón con los yaquis, Estampas de la Revolución Mexicana, pl. 48
Cover of El Maestro, vol. 2, no. 1
Academia Nacional de San Carlos
Biblioteca de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Library of the National Autonomous University of Mexico)
Altar de Dolores (Our Lady of Sorrows)
El abrazo (The embrace) and Campesinos
Codex Mendoza, facsimile
La maestra rural
Distribución de armas
Sacred Heart, ex-voto painting
Bandolier, Maize, Guitar
Las dos Fridas (The two Fridas)
El día de los muertos: La oferta (The day of the dead: the offering)
Cruz atrial
Guatemalan Cross
La trinchera
Cortés y Malinche
Palacio de Bellas Artes
Padre Hidalgo
Catharsis
The Liberated Earth and Natural Forces Controlled by Humanity, Chapingo Chapel
Mexico from the Conquest to 1930
Masthead of "El machete"
Edificio Estridentista
The Bricklayers, Valley of Mexico, from Mexican People
The Flag (La bandera)
Zapata
Autoretrato (Self-Portrait)
Deportación a la Muerte (Deportation to the concentration camps), from El libro negro del terror nazi
Retrato de Antonio Gramsci (Portrait of Gramsci), from El libro negro del terror nazi
La Juventud de Emiliano Zapata: Lección objectivo (The youth of Zapata: An objective lesson), Estampas de la Revolución Mexicana, pl. 8
La tierra (The land), from Vida en mi barriada
Prometheus: Zapata and Sandino, detail of Zapata
La Catedral amarilla (The yellow cathedral)
Siempre Che
Lucía, poster for ICAIC to promote the film Lucía by Humberto Solas
Hasta Cierto Punto (Up to a certain point), poster for ICAIC to promote the film Hasta Cierto Punto by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
Images of Three Ballets, poster for the Cuban National Ballet
Contraceptive
Que Bueno Canta Usted (How well you sing), poster for ICAIC to promote the documentary film Que Bueno Canta Usted by Sergio Giral
Revolución en cine, cine en la revolución (The revolution in cinema, the cinema in the revolution)
Por América: José Marti
Malecón (Seawall walk)
Caballero, No Ven? El Era de Carne y Hueso (Hey mister, what's up, he was only of flesh and blood?), from the Mesa Sueca (Smorgasbord) series
Premio Casa de las Américas
Roberto Fernández Retamar, poster for the Ministry of Culture to promote a book by Retamar, Para el perfil definitivo del hombre: libro de ensayos (Towards a definitive profile of man, a collection of essays)
Ernest Hemingway and Fidel Castro, June 11, 1961
Memorias del subdesarrollo (Memories of underdevelopment), poster for ICAIC film Memorias del subdesarrollo by Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
La Muerte de un burócrata (The death of a bureaucrat), poster for ICAIC to promote Tomás Gutiérrez Alea's La Muerte de un burócrata
Retrato de Teresa (Portrait of Theresa), poster for ICAIC to promote the film Retrato de Teresa by Pastor Vega
Jornada de solidariadad con Zimbabwe (Day of solidarity with Zimbabwe), poster for OSPAAAL
Soy Cuba (I am Cuba), poster for the ICAIC to promote the film Soy Cuba by Mikhail Kalatozov
Sin titulo (Untitled)
Still Life
Sin titulo (Untitled)
Vitrales (stained glass overdoors)
5th Festival Internacional del Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano (5th international festival of the new Latin American cinema)
Canción protesta (protest song), poster for Casa de las Américas to promote a music festival devoted to Nueva Canción
Che
Che
Marilyn x 100
La Isla (The island)
Cine Movil (Mobile cinema)
All You Need Is Love
The Annunciation
Che
Tropical Gypsy
Primer Día de Enero (First of January 1959)
Che, from En el Mar de América (On the sea of America)
Lichtenstein and the Greeks
Don't Kill Animals or Watch Them Be Killed, from the To Conceive series
Autoreconocimiento (Self-recognition)
The Structure of Myths
Las ideas llegan más lejos que la luz (Ideas go further than the light)
Homenaje a la Mujer (Homage to women brigadistas)
Somersaulting Literacy Crusade Brigadista, detail of Homenaje a la Mujer (Homage to women brigadistas)
Costruyendo la Patria nueva, forjamos la mujer nueva (In constructing the new nation, we construct the new woman)
La Mujer Nueva (The new woman)
Rubén Darío and his Poem "To Roosevelt," poster for FSLN
Major Writers in Nicaraguan History
Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas, Xavier Kantón Gallery
The Lenin Train
Book cover for Gabriel García Márquez, Viva Sandino (published by Editorial Nueva Nicaragua, Managua, 1980)
Ernesto Cardenal reading poetry
Pesadilla (Nightmare)
Cristo guerrillero (Christ as a guerrilla)
Lake Nicaragua
Pintura primitivista de Solentiname, cover of Poesía Campesina de Solentiname, Ministry of Culture (Managua, 1980)
Casa de Campesinos
Cover of Praxis, August, 1971, Managua
Cabeza de pájaro (Head of a bird)
Mercado pre-colombino (Pre-Columbian market)
The Architect
Sandino
Paisaje de verano en Subtiava (Summer landscape in Subtiava)
Amanecer (Dawn) no. 6
The Volcano
Mujer sentada (Seated woman)
La mujer nueva y la costrucción de Nicaragua Nueva (The new woman and the construction of the new Nicaragua)
La mujer nueva y la construcción de Nicaragua Nueva (The new woman and the construction of the new Nicaragua), detail
Mujer Revolución (Women and revolution), Poster for AMNLAE
Book cover for Gioconda Belli, La mujer habitada (Managua, 1989), published by Editorial Vanguardia
No Pasarán
Sandino y Fonseca ya están alfabetizando, y vos? (Sandino and Fonseca are spreading literacy. Are you?), poster for the CST (Sandista Central of Workers)
Literacy Crusade Emblem, poster for the Ministry of Education
Generative photo" of ceramic production, from El Amanecer del Pueblo, Ministry of Education (Managua, 1980)
Generative photo" of a popular demonstration from El Amanecer del Pueblo, Ministry of Education (Managua, 1980)
Copies of Poesía Libre, the journal of the Taller de Poesía, Ministry of Culture
Network of the Centros Populares de Cultura (and the artforms featured at each one), poster for the Ministry of Culture
Diagram of the Network of Programs under the Ministry of Culture (1979–1988)
Cover of La Chachalaca, a journal published by the Ministry of Culture about the activities in the Centros Populares de Cultura
Cover of El Artesano (The Artisan), no. 4, a publication of the Ministry of Culture, showing a drawing of masks for the play entitled Güegüense or Macho Ratón, which during the Sandista years was often staged by public dance troups
Amore (Love)
Dos Cisnes (Two swans), made in the Centro Popular de Cultura, San Juan de Limay (near Estelí), exhibited at Casa de las Artes del Pueblo, Managua
Polychrome ceramics produced in San Juan de Oriente, near Masaya, on exhibition in the Casa de las Artes del Pueblo, Managua, 1982
La Casa de las Artes del Pueblo, Managua (near the Plaza de España)
Polychrome ceramic pieces from the Centro Popular de Cultura, San Juan de Oriente
Paisaje Primitivista (Primitivist landscape)
Clear Water, Bluefields
El pueblo de Boaco (y la Plaza Mayor), "pintura primitivista" from Boaco, Nicaragua
La cosecha de café (con el Ministro de Cultura, Ernesto Cardenal) (Coffee harvest with Ernesto Cardenal, Minister of Culture)
Man with a Hoe
Cristo alfabetizador (Christ as martyred literary crusade brigadista)
The Epic of American Civilization: The Modern Migration of the Spirit (panel 18)
El algodonal (The cotton harvest), Soletiname school
La montaña magica (The magic mountain)
Leoncio Sáenz and Raúl Quintanilla, Managua, January 1990
Unidad revolucionaria Indoamericana (The revolutionary unity of Indo-Americans)
Paisaje (Landscape)
Fruta perforando madera (Fruit perforating wood)
Triptych
After Pollock
Two Tahitian Women with Mango Blossoms
La Vendedora (The street vendor)
Rambo: Final Chapter
El Sueño de razón (The sleep of reason)
Identi-dada
Adiós a Sandino, poster for an exhibition entitled "Sandido Vive…Nicaragua va a sobrevivir" (Sandido lives…Nicaragua will survive)
1981 Año de la defensa y la producción (1981 The year of defense and production)
Sandino
Retrato de un Hombre (Portrait of a Man)
Vestidos (Clothes)
Retrato de una Mujer (Portrait of a Woman)
Máscaras (Masks)
Front entrance to the Escuela Nacional de Arte Público Monumental (National school of monumental public art, or the national school for mural painting)
Practice Mural (After Siqueiros)
Main view of the Escuela Nacional de Arte Público Monumental
Velásquez Park and Murals from a distance
La Reunión (The Meeting or Reunion)
San Francisco: los pobres reconstruyen la iglesia de Díos (St. Francis: the poor reconstructing the Church of God)
Santa María de los Angeles
Comunicación en el Presente y el Pasado
The Telecommunications Building (Telcor) with the Canales Mural from a distance
Una mujer campesina (A peasant woman)
El Sueño supremo de Bolívar (The supreme dream of Bolivar)
Prometheus: Zapata and Sandino, detail of Zapata
Mural
A Carlos (Portrait of Carlos Fonseca)
Por la Paz (In order to have peace)
El año de la defensa y la producción (In the year of defense and production everyone is a voluntary worker)
Tercero Anniversario de la Revolución-Masaya
La causa de Lenin vive (The cause of Lenin lives), poster for the CSN, a labor union
The Founders of the FSLN and Revolutionary Martyrs
Revolutionary Martyrs: Carlos Fonseca, Rigoberto López Pérez, Augusto Sandino
Public Monument to Popular Militia and National Sovereignty
Poster for the Collection of Latin American Artworks that became the Museo de Arte Contemporaneo "Julio Cortázar
Museo de Arte Contemporaneo "Julio Cortázar
The Destruction of Canales's 1980 mural Homenaje a la mujer (Homage to Women) in Velásquez Park
Mujer Sandista y Niño (Sandista woman and child)

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Contents

Contents

Author

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.001

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15772

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Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Author

Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.002

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15773

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Glossary Terms and Abbreviations

Author

Introduction: Revolving Definitions of the Word “Revolution”

PublisherYale University Press

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.003

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15774

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Three historic revolutions in twentieth-century Latin America stand out because they not only shook the entire world, but also sent out long-term shock waves that stir us still...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Art, Latin American--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin America--20th centuryArt--Political aspects--Latin America--20th centuryMexico--History--Revolution, 1910-1920Cuba--History--Revolution, 1959Nicaragua--History--Revolution, 1979Rivera, Diego, 1886-1957Mural painting and decoration, Mexican--20th centuryGuevara, Che, 1928-1967Socialism in art--Latin America--20th century

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.1-23

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.004

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15775

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1. The Mexican Revolution (1910–1940)

Many years ago, the novelist Carlos Fuentes was traveling through the countryside of Morelos, the home province of revolutionary leader Emiliano Zapata. Fuentes and his companions became lost in this mountainous region with its maze of rice paddies and plots of sugar cane. When the party of travelers came to...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Art, Mexican--20th centuryRivera, Diego, 1886-1957Taller de Gráfica Popular (Mexico City, Mexico)Art and revolutions--Latin America--20th centuryMexico--History--Revolution, 1910-1920Art--Political aspects--Latin America--20th centuryMural painting and decoration, Mexican--20th centuryConsumer (Economics)--Latin America--20th centuryConsumer (Economics)--Mexico--20th centuryDewey, John, 1859-1952Orozco, José Clemente, 1883-1949Obregón, Álvaro, 1880-1928Kahlo, FridaModotti, Tina, 1896-1942

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.25-73

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.005

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15776

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2. The Cuban Revolution (1959–1989)

In the early 1960s, a delegation of high-ranking officials from the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe visited Cuba. While touring the Presidential Palace with revolutionary leader Fidel Castro, this group encountered a semiabstract mural by René Portocarrero, who was one of Cuba’s leading artists until his death in 1985...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Art, Cuban--20th centuryCuba--History--Revolution, 1959Castro, Fidel, 1926-2016Guevara, Che, 1928-1967Art, Latin American--20th centuryPolitical art--Caribbean Area--20th centuryLam, WifredoSurrealism--Latin AmericaMagic realism (Art)Mendive, Manuel, 1944-Campos-Pons, Maria Magdalena, 1959-

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.75-116

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.006

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15777

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3. The Nicaraguan Revolution (1919–1990)

No other country in the world during the 1980s was more often at the center of international debate than was Nicaragua. To take a stand one way or another on the novel experiments in this revolutionary society was a defining issue all around the world for an entire era. Few nations of Nicaragua’s modest size, with a population of only three million, ever...

Author

Chapter subject tags:Art, Nicaraguan--20th centuryNicaragua--History--Revolution, 1979Frente Sandinista de Liberación NacionalSolentiname Islands (Nicaragua)Art, Latin American--20th centuryCardenal, ErnestoMural painting and decoration, Latin American--20th centuryMural painting and decoration, Nicaraguan--20th century

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.117-175

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.007

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15778

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Appendix A. Diego Rivera, 1929, New Plan of Study, Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas of Mexico

Bertram D. Wolfe and Diego Rivera and Colleen Kattau (Translator)

This 1929 document was originally published in Bertram D. Wolfe, Diego Rivera, su vida, su obra, su época (Santiago de Chile, 1944), and then in Raquel Tibol, Arte y política (Mexico City, 1978), pp. 87–94. Translation by Colleen Kattau.

Author

Bertram D. Wolfe and Diego Rivera and Colleen Kattau (Translator)

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.176-179

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.008

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15779

Chapter subject tags:Art, Mexican--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin AmericaArt schools

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Appendix B. Gerardo Mosquera, 1985, The Social Function of Art in Cuba since the Revolution of 1959

Gerardo Mosquera and David Craven (Translator) and Colleen Kattau (Translator)

This essay was originally published in El Caimán Barbudo, Havana, vol. 19, no. 212, July 1985, pp. 11–12 and in another version in Concha, Montevideo, vol. 2, no. 545, 31 December 1983, p. 23. Translation by David Craven and Colleen Kattau.

Author

Gerardo Mosquera and David Craven (Translator) and Colleen Kattau (Translator)

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.180-182

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.009

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15780

Chapter subject tags:Art, Cuban--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin AmericaCuba--History--Revolution, 1959Mosquera, GerardoSocialism and the arts

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Appendix C. Ernesto Cardenal, 1980, The Nicaraguan Revolution of 1919: A Culture that is Revolutionary, Popular, National, and Anti-Imperialist

Ernesto Cardenal and David Craven (Translator)

This address of February 25, 1980 was given at the First Assembly of Cultural Workers in the Palace of the Heroes of the Revolution, Managua, Nicaragua. The essay was subsequently published by the Ministry of Culture in an anthology entitled Hacia una política cultural (1980) that consisted of the first public statements by the Sandinista...

Author

Ernesto Cardenal and David Craven (Translator)

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.183-184

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.010

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15781

Chapter subject tags:Art, Nicaraguan--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin AmericaNicaragua--History--Revolution, 1979Cardenal, ErnestoSocialism and the arts

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Appendix D. Interview with Ernesto Cardenal, 1983

David Craven and John Ryder

This interview with the Minister of Culture by David Craven and John Ryder took place at the Nicaraguan Mission to the United Nations in New York City on November 30, 1983. Father Cardenal was in the United States to speak at an opening for an art exhibition...

Author

David Craven and John Ryder

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.185-187

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.011

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15782

Chapter subject tags:Art, Nicaraguan--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin AmericaNicaragua--History--Revolution, 1979Cardenal, ErnestoArt and state

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Appendix E. Interview with Gioconda Belli of the FSLN, 1990

David Craven and Colleen Kattau

This interview by David Craven and Colleen Kattau took place on January 9, 1990, at the home of Gioconda Belli, which is located outside Managua, on a hill overlooking the southern shore of Lake Managua. Also present was Gioconda Belli’s sister Lavinia Belli, known to the present author for a few years through CUSLAR, the Committee on...

Author

David Craven and Colleen Kattau

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.188-189

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.012

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15783

Chapter subject tags:Art, Nicaraguan--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin AmericaNicaragua--History--Revolution, 1979Belli, Gioconda, 1948-Nicaraguan literature

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Appendix F. Interview with Nicaraguan Artists in the UNAP, 1990

This interview with Julie Aguirre, Patricia Belli, Rubén Parrales, Raúl Quintanilla, and Juan Rivas by David Craven took place on January 10, 1990 at the Museo Julio Cortázar de Arte Moderno de América Latina. These are excerpts from an...

Author

PublisherYale University Press

Related print edition pages: pp.190-190

https://doi.org/10.37862/aaeportal.00020.013

Stable URL: https://aaeportal.com/?id=-15784

Chapter subject tags:Art, Nicaraguan--20th centuryArt and revolutions--Latin AmericaNicaragua--History--Revolution, 1979Unión Nacional de Artistas Plásticos (Nicaragua)

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